The tenth year of the Grand Duke is another harvest year.
On August 1, Zhu Jingyuan came to the shipyard in Songjiang Prefecture.
Participated in the delivery ceremony of the Guangdong, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier of the Ming Dynasty.
This is an unprecedented huge battleship.
In Zhu Jingyuan's experience in his two lifetimes, this was the most powerful warship.
The no-load displacement of the Guangdong reached 100,000 tons, and the full-load displacement reached 120,000 tons.
The waterline length of the ship is 340 meters, and the waterline width is 45 meters.
The total length of the flight deck is 360 meters, and the maximum width of the flight deck is 88 meters.
It is 20 meters longer than the longest aircraft carrier in the world, the nuclear-powered Enterprise (CVN65), and the deck width is 10 meters wider than the fattest aircraft carrier, the USS Ford.
The overall technical conditions are similar to those of the mid-term Nimitz class, and the design indicators refer to the design experience of Nimitz and Ford.
When the United States designed the Nimitz, designers and naval personnel concluded after comprehensive discussions that the most appropriate number of reactors for a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier was four.
In this way, it would be relatively easy to stack higher power at that time, and it would also have relatively higher and more appropriate power and power redundancy.
But before Nimitz, the Enterprise, which used eight reactors, had been built. The cost of construction and use frightened the men on Capitol Hill.
Not only did they reject the plan to switch the last Kitty Hawk to nuclear power, they also restricted the newly designed Nimitz to use a maximum of two reactors.
It is necessary to use two reactors to stack them to a high enough power and ensure reliability.
In the end, the overall design and construction difficulty increased significantly, which was a big step up from the four-reactor solution.
The key is that Nimitz's hull design was therefore limited by power, and the final hull size was reduced compared to the Enterprise.
Ming Dynasty did not build a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier using multiple submarine reactors, but directly started research on large reactors for large warships in advance.
Zhu Jingyuan allowed the use of four reactors in the design, so Ming's aircraft carrier designers were basically not restricted.
Fully exert the highest level of design and construction currently achievable.
In the new century, when the United States was designing Nimitz's next-generation aircraft carrier, it had a plan at the same time as Ford.
The design code is ECBL, which is basically based on the Nimitz, and the overall size is enlarged by one level.
Trying to eliminate the constraints that Nimitz carried from his mother's womb.
As a result, the plan itself had no problems and was proven to be the most cost-effective design.
The reactor technology at this time was greatly improved compared to Nimitz's time. The same two reactors could increase the total power by more than 50%.
But the cost of upgrading the U.S. Navy's supporting facilities is unacceptable to the men on Capitol Hill.
The U.S. Navy's shipyard docks and equipment, and the military base maintenance docks and equipment, are all built in accordance with the standards of Nimitz and Enterprise.
If the new aircraft carrier is to be enlarged in size, all these facilities must be fully upgraded.
The United States continued to deindustrialize during the Cold War era, and the level of infrastructure construction also continued to decline.
These things that have been used for decades have formed a fixed industry.
The entire industrial chain relies on this military supporting work, and each link in the industrial chain may have only one supplier.
Comprehensively upgrading all supporting facilities is equivalent to rebuilding the entire industrial chain, and the final cost is difficult to estimate.
The most critical thing is that there is no large-scale civilian shipbuilding industry in the United States, and there are no larger shipyards in shipyards.
In the end, the United States believes that the ultimate benefit from the enlarged size of the new aircraft carrier design may not be able to offset the cost of upgrading supporting facilities.
Therefore, the ECBL design plan to enlarge the size of the aircraft carrier was eliminated.
The Ford-class plan finally selected was still no longer than the old Enterprise in length, slightly increased in width, and slightly increased in tonnage.
Upgrades and improvements can only be made to the internal facilities and equipment carried, and the repaired construction uses electric bombs to reset the fattened version of the Nimitz.
To a certain extent, the state of American shipyards and naval supporting facilities has become a "horse butt" for American warship design.
Daming's industrial construction capabilities are still at their peak, and of course there will be no problem of supporting facilities limiting the size of the battleships.
Ming Dynasty is still building civilian ships on a large scale, and large passenger ships have developed to the level of 200,000 tons.
And with the experience of the United States, Zhu Jingyuan naturally relaxed the standards intentionally.
The final size and tonnage of the Guangdong are slightly larger than the ECBL, the United States' large aircraft carrier plan for the new century.
The full load displacement increased from more than 110,000 tons to 120,000 tons.
The deck layout refers to Ford's design, using a completely rear-mounted independent ship island.
It is equipped with the latest successfully developed phased array radar system, and also deploys the latest computer and communication systems.
There are three large elevators on the hull, one on the left and two on the right. Each elevator can dispatch two thirty-six-ton heavy fighter jets at the same time.
There are a total of four steam catapults, currently capable of ejecting an aircraft with a maximum load of 32 tons, and this will be increased to 40 tons in the next ten years.
The main fighter carried is the third-generation variable-sweep wing fighter that has just entered service.
The shape and performance of the aircraft are basically the indicators of the previous F14.
It is also equipped with an airborne phased array radar, an onboard computer and a fly-by-wire flight control system.
The latest generation of early warning aircraft has also been updated to a large phased array radar version, with a detection range of more than 600 kilometers.
The combat effectiveness of such a large aircraft carrier has exceeded that of the Nimitz in the 1990s.
These new large nuclear-powered aircraft carriers will no longer be built at full capacity.
Instead, based on the usage status of the old large conventionally powered aircraft carriers, construction of a replacement aircraft carrier will begin five years before the old aircraft carrier is to be retired.
The total number of aircraft carriers will remain at thirty-two.
The latest conventionally powered aircraft carriers have just entered service and it is expected to take forty years to completely replace them.
Even so, the subsequent construction speed of Ming Dynasty's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers is still far faster than that of any country in the past, with almost four ships built every five years.
In forty years, technology may undergo earth-shaking changes, so shipboard equipment must be upgraded simultaneously during the middle and later stages of construction.
Thirty years later, the design of a new generation of aircraft carriers began.
In addition to the main aircraft carrier, the Navy will also gradually build up to 64 amphibious ships.
We also need to build attack nuclear submarines, strategic missile nuclear submarines, and more missile cruisers, destroyers and other ships.
However, the current world situation is completely different from Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.
The greatest role of the army that the Ming Dynasty continued to maintain was no longer purely to deter and attack potential enemy countries.
Even if rebels unexpectedly appear in some places, they will never have the ability to master the same military equipment as the imperial court, such as third-generation heavy fighter jets.
Therefore, the greater mission of the Ming Dynasty Navy is to implement emergency rescue on a global scale.
Most of the important settlements of the Ming Dynasty around the world are in coastal areas, and there are also a large number of islands.
Subsequent development plans in various places will continue to focus on all coastal areas.
Sea rescue is much more important and convenient than land rescue.
Therefore, Ming Dynasty's new warships, including aircraft carriers and cruisers, especially amphibious assault ships, are specially designed for rescue operations.
There are a large number of warehouses and a large number of dormitories, and they usually carry a large number of medical and rescue facilities.
Because the hull size of all subsequent levels of battleships will generally be enlarged.
Anyway, steel is the least valuable material on a battleship.
In the future, if the main ships of the Ming Navy are dispatched collectively, they can directly evacuate a normal-sized mansion.
The Navy is also responsible for laying submarine cables.
In the past few years, they have been laying backbone optical cables and submarine optical cables.
Including the naval system, the Ming Dynasty's Five Military Governor's Office also completed a comprehensive transformation of the air force and land in accordance with Zhu Jingyuan's plan.
The Army took over large-scale infrastructure construction and large-scale basic livelihood facilities.
Now we have begun to lay backbone optical cables all over the world and build widespread mobile communication network infrastructure.
The Air Force has taken over most of the aerospace engineering and exploration missions.
In the past four years, thirty-two global positioning system satellites have been deployed.
Daming also used satellite exploration and photography technology to redraw a more accurate global map and use it with the global positioning system.
Preparatory experiments for manned spaceflight are now being organized.
Without the special competitive environment of the Cold War era, Ming's priorities in aerospace engineering were different from those in previous generations.
Manned spaceflight is far less urgent than deploying global positioning satellites.
In addition, for the sake of absolute safety, the early testing process of manned spaceflight was very careful, so the progress of the project naturally slowed down.
Zhu Jingyuan is not in a hurry in this regard.
Because of past life experience, manned spaceflight itself will not produce direct benefits, but mainly serves scientific research tasks that are difficult to interact with ordinary people.
So we just have to work on projects related to it slowly.
Moon landings and deep space exploration are of little practical significance, and we will never have the chance to build colonies on other planets in this lifetime.
The industries that will directly affect everyone's lives in the future, and the industries that can directly drive the productivity of the entire society to continue to soar, are the semiconductor and Internet communications industries.
This is also an industry that Zhu Jingyuan pays special attention to after the aviation industry.
Daming's technology research and development related to computers, semiconductors, and optical communications has been developing at a speed close to the limit in the past few years.
After the morning court on the first day of October in the tenth year of the Grand Duke's reign, the newly appointed Sikong Wanglai and the prince Zhudi Pu visited Zhu Jingyuan together.
They sent a special personal computer to Zhu Jingyuan.
The overall size of this computer has been reduced by a large margin compared to the first-generation personal computer four years ago.
It is similar to the normal full-tower chassis that Zhu Jingyuan used in his previous life.
This set of computer equipment is an aggregation of the most sophisticated technology in the world.
Most of the things inside have not yet been officially mass-produced and sold.
Even after full mass production, it will not appear in front of ordinary people in the short term.
The cost and value are simply too high.
It should be said that there is no detailed cost calculation at all. We have to wait until the mid-to-low-end products of the same series are mass-produced before we can do a comprehensive cost accounting.
Simply looking at the current R&D costs, they are sky-high.
This is a conceptual machine specially made for technical demonstration.
Next to Zhu Jingyuan's current office, there is a special semiconductor room used to store various computers and communication equipment.
There is a very simple but sturdy large workbench dedicated to the computer.
The craftsmen installed the machine, and then Wang Lai and Zhudi Pu introduced Zhu Jingyuan to the development of the computer and semiconductor industries, focusing on the computer.
The Ming Dynasty began to build the semiconductor industry in the AD AD year, and basically completed the industrial framework deployment in the AD AD AD AD year.
When Zhu Jingyuan was in Dagong's sixth year, he proposed a lot of semiconductor-related technical directions and suggested a lot of technical ideas for improving manufacturing processes.
With an industrial foundation and the right research and development direction, Daming's semiconductor research and development speed continues to soar.
Achieved sustained large-scale improvements across orders of magnitude.
The most cutting-edge process started from two microns. It completed four major upgrades in four years and achieved mass production of 500 nanometer process this year.
The sixty-four-bit microprocessor has been updated three generations in four years. The latest version now integrates five million transistors and has a calculation speed of 100 million times per second.
And it integrates a first-level cache of 32,000 characters of hexagrams.
The overall level slightly exceeds the historical 80586, which is the level of the first-generation Pentium processor.
Of course, not only microprocessors will benefit from the leap-forward improvement in semiconductor production processes, but also various special-purpose or general-purpose chips can be upgraded simultaneously.
Besides the microprocessor, the most important chips are memory and flash memory.
Compared with microprocessors whose internal circuits are extremely complex, the internal structures of memory and flash memory chips are much simpler.
Therefore, the capacity upgrade range of memory and flash memory chips far exceeds the upgrade range of processors.
A memory chip with a single chip of eight million characters has been produced, with a capacity equivalent to 16MB in the previous life.
Craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty installed sixteen chips on a long circuit board to construct the most typical computer memory stick of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.
Because the memory is called a ledger by craftsmen, the memory stick is also named "ledger rack".
The total capacity of each ledger rack reaches 12.8 million words, which is approximately 256MB.
The computer in front of Zhu Jingyuan is equipped with up to eight sets of "account table racks" in order to demonstrate the most powerful cutting-edge technology.
In the end, it had a total ledger capacity of one billion words, which was equivalent to eight 256MB memory sticks in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, forming a total of 2GB of memory.
In Zhu Jingyuan's previous life in 2010, the memory of common home computers was only about 2GB.
Of course, this comparison is unreasonable. It is equivalent to comparing a top-level workstation with an ordinary home office computer.
Typical memory in 2010 was a single 2GB memory, but Ming Dynasty now only has a single 256MB memory, and the technology is still at the level of the mid-1990s.
In the mid-to-late 1990s, single 1GB memory sticks were already produced in the laboratories of various semiconductor factories.
But the cost level is still uncontrollable, and there is no way to mass-produce it.
Moreover, the computer access speed at that time was limited, and such a large-scale memory was useless.
Coupled with the ensuing Internet bubble, which hit the entire industry, it was not until ten years later that 1GB memory sticks appeared on the market.
In this era, the memory capacity of Zhu Jingyuan's computer can only be described as terrifying.
In terms of flash memory chips, production verification was completed three years ago.
Designed and produced corresponding mobile storage devices, including memory cards and USB flash drives used by Zhu Jingyuan in his previous life.
These things were named "hand accounts" by craftsmen according to local conditions, which means accounting data that can be held in their hands and carried with them.
Hard drives composed of flash memory particles, which are typical solid-state drives, were also designed simultaneously.
This kind of equipment was named "Quick Library" by craftsmen, which means fast data warehouse.
Flash memory chips are simpler and more crude than memory, and can rely on process and size to hard stack capacity, which can even exceed the capacity of contemporary mechanical hard drives.
After the invention of flash memory, as Daming's semiconductor production process improved, it quickly completed two rounds of process and capacity iterations.
Now a single large particle with 128 million Chinese characters has been produced, which is equivalent to a 256MB SD card in the previous life.
Craftsmen piled sixty-four particles on a circuit board to create an eight-billion-character solid-state drive, equivalent to the capacity of 16G in the previous life.
There are two such hard drives installed on this computer, and a 32GB solid-state drive is piled up.
It's just that the speed is still only at the level of a memory card.
As for the mechanical hard drive at this time, the size has also been reduced to the size of the previous optical drive.
At the same time, the capacity of a single mechanical hard drive has reached 16 billion characters, which is equivalent to the 32GB of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.
Zhu Jingyuan's computer has four modules installed in the middle layer, with a total capacity of 128GB.
At the same time, the latest optical drive, which has been developed and upgraded once, was also installed on this computer.
The capacity of a CD is about 500 million Chinese characters, which is equivalent to 1GB in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.
At the same time, there is also a universal serial data link similar to the USB protocol.
You can plug in various devices such as keyboard, mouse, USB flash drive, printer, recorder, game controller, etc.
There is also a relatively special large-scale interface, similar to the quick-swap hard disk interface, which can be used to plug in fast library solid-state drives.
Game cartridges can also be plugged in.
This computer comes with features similar to the game consoles of previous generations.
The game cartridges in this world were designed by Judy Plutonium at the reminder of Zhu Jingyuan.
Use flash memory particles and matching circuit boards to burn the created game program and plug it into your computer to play.
There are currently no specially designed game consoles.
The performance of Zhu Jingyuan's computer has completely surpassed that of the first-generation PS game console.
It's just that only four short years have passed since Judy Pu designed the game, and the performance of computers has been improving by leaps and bounds.
Judy Plutonium didn't create an overly complex game engine.
There has not yet been time to design truly large-scale games for computers.
For the time being, I just made some simple games.
The hardware team has completed the design of a dedicated 3D graphics card.
Produced using the same 500-nanometer process as the processor, the core integrates three million transistors and is paired with 256MB of dedicated video memory.
Supports a maximum resolution of 1800×1200.
Regarding display cards and display equipment, Zhu Jingyuan also specifically participated in the formulation of rules and emphasized several details.
The first is the video output interface, which must be unified with all devices.
Avoid the same situation as in the previous life, with a bunch of messy interfaces and a bunch of wires that everyone knows whether they are compatible or not.
There are also a bunch of single-purpose interfaces...
Zhu Jingyuan preferred the DP interface in his previous life, but one side of the DP interface was flat, and it was possible to insert it into a corner when plugged in, which sometimes caused misalignment.
So it ended up adopting a trapezoidal appearance similar to HDMI.
However, the specific internal transmission standard is not HDMI, it was formulated by Ming craftsmen based on actual conditions.
The monitor connected to the independent graphics card is the largest LCD monitor in the world.
The largest LCD version produced in the factory was not divided into several small-sized LCD plates, but was directly made into a whole display.
The panel size is 45 cm x 30 cm, the resolution is 1800 x 1200, and the aspect ratio is three to two.
Regarding the size marking of the LCD display, Zhu Jingyuan and Daming's craftsmen worked out a very simple and crude plan after discussion.
Directly calculate the area of the LCD panel and convert it into the most appropriate square decimeter in terms of magnitude.
The total area of the monitor in front of Zhu Jingyuan is about thirteen square decimeters.
Referred to as the "Thirteen-Thirteen" display.
Compared with the typical 16:9 monitor of the previous generation, the width is basically the same as that of a 24-inch monitor, and the diagonal length is equivalent to that of a 21-inch monitor.
A six-point monitor is about fourteen inches, and a twenty-four-point monitor is about thirty inches.
The habit of using diagonal length to indicate the size of LCD monitors was one of the industry practices that Zhu Jingyuan most hated in his previous life.
Just because the earliest displays, including televisions and various instrument display screens, were all circular.
Therefore, it was very appropriate to directly use the diagonal length to represent the size of a circular display.
But the human field of vision is oval. Later, in order to facilitate human viewing, TV sets and monitors gradually became square.
The principle of traditional picture tube monitors determines that if you want to maximize the use of the display original and project the largest screen, you must make the monitor as square as possible.
It is more reasonable to continue to use diagonal lines.
Manufacturers will not save much cost by making the display flat, and even need to give up some edge display effects.
But things are different in the LCD era.
The LCD panel is originally a standard rectangle and is cut from a large panel.
Shapes with any aspect ratio can be cut out.
When the diagonals are the same, the larger the aspect ratio of the monitor, the smaller the actual total area of the LCD panel.
This means that the actual production cost of "the same logo size" will be lower.
When using the same panel area, a display with a larger aspect ratio will have a larger diagonal, and the number converted to the universal logo size will also be larger.
This means that the same area of the LCD version is consumed, and the "login size" of the final sold monitor becomes larger.
Able to gain certain advantages in sales promotion.
Such a universal display size representation method directly promotes the efforts of related industry chains to make the aspect ratio of displays longer and longer.
Although widescreen is indeed suitable for entertainment, the most critical driving force is cost control and profit margins.
In order to avoid this unnatural tendency, Zhu Jingyuan blocked this unreasonable expression plan directly from the source.
The size of an LCD monitor is expressed in a completely different way than a traditional picture tube monitor.
Expressed directly in terms of area, no matter how large the size of the display, it will consume a large area of LCD. There is no way to play tricks on the measurement and publicity caliber.
This will not allow manufacturers to forcefully push wider monitors for profit, and eventually turn office monitors into flat ones.
But it won't stop manufacturers from producing widescreen monitors suitable for entertainment.
On this basis, Zhu Jingyuan also worked with relevant craftsmen to formulate a relatively strict aspect ratio plan.
Set three typical ratios for the most convenient swap cuts.
One to one square screen, two to one wide screen, and three to two compromise general screen.
LCD monitors have not yet been widely popularized, and experimental products are only general-purpose screens for the time being.
On the supporting operating system, several typical resolutions are set.
300×200 and 600×400 are used for small equipment.
1200×800, 1800×1200, 2400×1600 are used for large equipment.
Promote the display industry to design products according to these typical resolutions to facilitate the operating system to adapt the display effect.
This is also based on Zhu Jingyuan's previous life experience, or the pain points he has endured.
The scaling adaptation of early operating systems was particularly simple and crude.
The maximum resolution is the best resolution, and scaling is basically not considered.
In the early era of 100% display by default, monitors of various sizes and resolutions could display normally.
But in the era of high-resolution screens, various problems always arise when stretching and scaling.
The aspect ratio and resolution of computer monitors are too complicated. Even if Microsoft itself has done system adaptation, various third-party software is still full of problems.
Zhu Jingyuan has now made preventive plans in advance.
After introducing the hardware, Zhu Jingyuan also started directly and operated the software on the computer.
First, let’s look at the basic display effects of text and symbols.
With hardware specifications that are considered luxurious in this era, of course it can display all Chinese characters perfectly.
There is even a special base chip on the motherboard of this computer, which can accommodate 65536 64×64 dot matrix character sets.
On a monitor with a resolution of 1800×1200, text displayed at this level is very clear and sharp.
The effect of simply displaying text and symbols is no longer substantially different from the latest computer I used in my previous life.
Then there are the main utility programs.
The visual file and data management of the graphical interface is very similar to Zhu Jingyuan's computer operating system in his previous life.
Programmed professional database management is professional database software that is continuously upgraded and improved based on traditional large-scale computer programs.
Programs designed for the performance of previous computers were moved to this "supercomputer" and ran very smoothly.
More basic word processing, spreadsheet processing, daily calculations, etc. are of course also perfectly fine.
Next are network connection and retrieval tools, including local connection and Internet connection functions, which are equivalent to the functions of a browser.
At present, the function is very simple. It only has the function of printing an address to display shared files, or designing a simple web page.
The address can be a dedicated network address in numeric format or an Internet address in Chinese character format.
Zhu Jingyuan's Chinese character websites in his previous life were not realized, and most of them became tools to cheat money.
The URLs in this world have been in Chinese characters from the beginning.
On this basis, the craftsmen also specially developed an instant network communication tool in accordance with Zhu Jingyuan's requirements.
That is, small software similar to MSN, QQ, and WeChat, but the current functions are extremely simple and pure.
Only the most basic conversation, group conversation, file sending and sharing functions.
The network composed of optical fibers and twisted pairs has also completed a round of process innovation in four years.
The cables themselves are still those things, but the data processing and forwarding equipment have been upgraded on a large scale.
Then through the combination of multiple optical fibers, the maximum bandwidth limit of the backbone network has now reached 100 million words per second.
It is equivalent to the level of 1,600 Mbps broadband in the previous life, with a maximum download speed of 200MB per second.
If you have special needs for broadband used by ordinary institutions and departments, you can also apply for 10 million Zigua, which is the level of 160M broadband.
The bandwidth of ordinary court departments and institutions is one million words, which is equivalent to 16M broadband.
Compared with the 60KB speed of dial-up Internet access that became popular four years ago, this is another upgrade that spans the times.
The 2MB bandwidth that was only available to emperors and data centers four years ago will soon be available to all ordinary departments.
Coupled with some basic software such as picture viewers and video players, the typical computer functions of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life have been basically realized.
If everyone had such a computer, paperless work and various Internet-era entertainment would be possible.
Home computers and office computers in the late 1990s were probably even lower than what they are today.
It's just that this computer will definitely not be available for "home use" in a short time.
Zhu Jingyuan held a game controller and opened a box-drop game on his computer. He played it over and over again and said with obvious emotion:
“The indicators of this computer are already quite suitable, and it is enough to be promoted and sold among the people around the world.
"It's just that the way it is now, it shouldn't be directly mass-produced, right?"
Sikong Wanglai also sighed and shook his head directly and said:
"Your Majesty, Your Majesty, this computer is a laboratory product.
“The main hardware inside and outside can no longer be considered custom-made.
“Main chips including monitors, accounting racks, motherboards, flash drives, etc. are all screened out from thousands of semi-finished products.
“A large part of the remaining ones are directly unqualified, and only a small part can be used at a lower level.
“For the time being, there is no way to mass-produce products of the same level.
“Unless the order volume reaches more than one million units, then we can recruit enough manpower and make great efforts to improve the yield rate of each part.
“Or, lower the standards significantly, lower several major standards.
“Find a solution that’s cost-effective.
“For example, in the case of monitors, it is not possible to use the entire panel directly as a monitor.
“A six-part screen should be cut in the middle of the panel, and the remaining part should be used as a display for various small devices.
“The accounting chip chips must also use mature low-level chips, and the capacity must be reduced by at least eight times.
"This is still feasible."
Zhu Jingyuan thought for a while and said:
"Then do what Aiqing said, downgrade to find a node with controllable costs, and then start selling it on the market.
"Of course, we can't just sell downgraded products. I also need to continue researching on the finished product in my laboratory.
“In other words, continue to work on a new generation of experimental products with larger scale and higher standards.
“The new technologies produced in this process should help improve the yield of previously low-standard products.
"We continue to move forward in this way, constantly downgrading the previous laboratory products and turning them into mass-produced products that can be sold to the private sector."
Wang Lai nodded and agreed very seriously:
"I obey the order."
(End of chapter)
