Zhu Jingyuan left his office after considering all aspects of the situation in his mind.
Passing through the courtyard of the palace, we came to the warehouse where two airplanes were stored.
"Type 5 combat aircraft" and "Type 3 transport aircraft".
The Ministry of Industry used their official finalized order and made a very simple and crude naming.
It is not named after the 34th year of Taiping or the first year of Ankang, because now there may be several new types of aircraft a year.
If there is no special meaning, no special code name will be given.
So we can only use numbers to name them.
Zhu Jingyuan looked at the two aircraft in the warehouse and recalled the first test aircraft produced.
It feels like the differences between them may be greater than between a cat and a tiger.
From a structure of steel pipes, steel wires, wood, and canvas, it has become a pure metal structure of steel and aluminum.
Transport aircraft are still bi-wing, while combat aircraft have become single-wing.
The design of the second generation Daniel Bernoulli and the aircraft he used to apply for a patent are all in the original style.
My current transport aircraft can easily bully them.
If the other party's aircraft patent is approved and the French military takes a fancy to it, it will definitely start to rapidly iterate and upgrade.
The biggest thing holding back their aircraft was the engine.
The biggest factor hindering the development of engine technology is the manufacturing process.
If the other party wants to make an engine with the same power as Daming, it will definitely be heavier or have a higher failure rate.
But without any choice, the other party will definitely continue to catch up and will definitely continue to optimize and upgrade.
However, what if the other party has a choice?
Did Ming Dynasty take the initiative to export engines and aircraft to France?
Use better aircraft and engines to crush the opponent's engine and aviation industry from their infancy?
Zhu Jingyuan came to the aircraft and patted the aluminum fuselage skin.
It felt like it was indeed possible to succeed. The entire French aviation industry has been completely flat since then, and has been using imported goods from Ming Dynasty.
But it is also possible that France will learn from Ming Dynasty’s design and technology and speed up the pace of catching up.
If it is the latter, then you have to deal with it very carefully.
For example, if the other party successfully develops a technology, Ming Dynasty will open up the technology.
Zhu Jingyuan was walking and thinking here when An Xiaona, who was staying at the door, suddenly ran in:
"Your Highness, Madam Yun is outside and comes to see you."
Empress Yun is of course Liu Muyun, she is the only "empress" in this palace.
Zhu Jingyuan was stunned for a moment:
"Why is this girl here? Didn't she go back to her room to rest? Let her come in."
After An Xiaona went back, Liu Muyun walked in quickly. Although it could not be said that she had no image, she could not be said to be stable at all.
On the other hand, two little girls, Ying'er and Ju'er, followed behind with small steps, trying not to appear in a hurry.
Zhu Jingyuan asked something unexpected:
"Aren't you resting? Why did you come here by yourself? Is there something urgent?"
Liu Muyun gave a blessing ceremony very quickly, and then said quite casually:
"I... I found that I have nothing to rest for. I have nothing to do. I just want to see His Highness."
It is human nature for a newly married girl to want to be with her husband.
Zhu Jingyuan smiled and shook his head, then said jokingly:
"You are injured, and you came all the way to the front yard..."
Liu Muyun's face was slightly red, but her curiosity was stronger:
"This little injury is nothing... What are you busy with, Your Highness? What kind of machine is this?"
Zhu Jingyuan stopped asking:
"This is a flying machine, a machine that can fly in the sky..."
Liu Muyun immediately widened his eyes:
"This is a flying machine!"
Although Zhu Jingyuan's goal is to comprehensively promote aircraft, it has not been fully disclosed to the public so far.
After all, it has only been made for more than a year, and many technologies are still being verified.
The production capacity of each factory is mainly supplied to the military, and there has not yet been time for large-scale public sales among civilians.
Zhu Jingyuan also hopes to develop sufficiently mature technology as much as possible, and then promote long-term aircraft that can be used as much as possible.
Moreover, until the European and Western countries have developed no usable aircraft, it is still as long as it can last.
But now the secrecy is over. Bernoulli has built an airplane, so there is no need to hide it anymore.
Liu Muyun had never seen an airplane before, but there was also related research among the private sector, and she had heard about it when she was in school.
With her naturally lively personality, she was completely irresistible to the possibility of flying like a bird.
So I paid special attention to it and even thought about making it myself, but conditions didn’t allow it.
Now seeing the complete aircraft that looked very mature, Liu Muyun became excited.
I circled around the combat aircraft, carefully touching its aluminum skin, and muttered in great surprise and surprise:
“When I originally thought about making an airplane, I only considered using steel pipes, wood, and canvas, and I had to use as light a material as possible.
"This thing is completely made of metal. Even if it is made of aluminum, it must weigh one or two tons for such a big thing. Can it fly?"
Zhu Jingyuan nodded naturally and said:
"Of course it can fly. It has been tested a lot. It only takes more than an hour to go from the capital to your hometown, Jinan."
Liu Muyun was immediately stunned:
"Capital! One hour! Come to my house!"
Seeing her reaction, Zhu Jingyuan felt quite satisfied.
Then he watched Liu Muyun turn around and look at Zhu Jingyuan with longing:
"Your Highness, can I fly the plane by myself?"
Zhu Jingyuan shook his head directly:
"No, you are no longer an ordinary student. You must know that a son of a rich man cannot sit down in the hall, and a son of a hundred gold cannot sit on the throne.
"But when transport aircraft become more mature, we can travel by air when necessary."
Liu Muyun's expression suddenly became very regretful.
However, she is not a character who is easily saddened by spring and autumn, so she smoothly added the last sentence quoted by Zhu Jingyuan:
"The Holy Lord does not take advantage of danger but takes advantage of luck..."
Zhu Jingyuan nodded directly and said:
"You don't need to persuade me. Although I am not a Holy Master, I will not fly a plane by myself. I will even try my best not to fly."
Liu Muyun stopped talking and circled the plane again with a grimace, and his attention had been transferred.
Full of curiosity and interest, he came back and asked Zhu Jingyuan:
"Your Highness, how does the flying machine fly? Why can it fly?"
Zhu Jingyuan also looked at the plane and thought about how to explain to her:
"You must have played with a kite, right? The heavier the kite, the harder it is to fly.
“But as long as you pull the kite fast enough or the natural wind is strong enough, kites of any weight can fly.
“The logic of the airplane is to change the thing you use to drag the kite with a string into an engine and a propeller.
"The engine doesn't want you to rest, it keeps the plane running with its head up.
“If the plane runs fast enough, or the wind blowing in the direction is strong enough, the plane can fly.
"Then as long as the engine keeps running, like a person dragging a kite, the plane can keep flying just like the kite."
Liu Muyun suddenly realized, then glanced at the plane again, and asked another question with his mind jumping:
"If the wind is suitable, a kite can be dragged by a string and stabilized in the air. Can an airplane weighing several tons also be able to do it?"
Zhu Jingyuan thought for a moment, changed his mind, then nodded and said:
“If the wind speed is appropriate, a flying airplane can remain stationary in the air relative to the ground, just like a flying kite.
"The plane may even go backwards. The engine is not a rope fixed in your hand, but the kite string is stretched.
“When the aircraft is stationary relative to the ground, its flying speed is zero, and when it moves backward relative to the ground, its speed is negative.
"But the speed of the aircraft relative to the wind, that is, the speed of the surrounding air, is not zero, nor can it be a negative number."
Liu Muyun suddenly realized again:
"In other words, no matter how heavy or large a kite is, it is still a kite. And again, as long as the speed is high enough, no matter how heavy or large a kite is, it can fly."
Then she immediately had a new question:
"Then why can kites and airplanes fly?"
Zhu Jingyuan looked at the girl with tangled eyes.
Although she is theoretically four years older than him, he is much older than her in his two lifetimes combined.
Moreover, girls who grew up in this conservative environment have much simpler minds than girls of later generations.
She is already twenty years old, and her personality is still like that of a child, but her knowledge is quite high.
"You haven't studied fluid mechanics, have you? Then just do a force analysis according to the basic theorem of mechanics.
“The wind blows the kite and the wing that are tilted upward, and the force received by the wing can be decomposed into a backward force and an upward force.
“The propeller drags the aircraft, or a person drags the kite forward, and the forward force created offsets the backward force.
“The only forces exerted on the kite and the aircraft are the upward lift force and the downward gravity force.
“The faster the kite and wing move into the wind, the greater the upward force they experience.
“When the upward force exceeds the gravity of a kite or airplane, it can fly.
"Correspondingly, the greater the windward speed, the faster the person towing the kite is, or the greater the power of the engine."
Liu Muyun immediately understood the logic, nodded naturally, and then continued to ask curiously:
"What if you studied fluid dynamics?"
Zhu Jingyuan said expressionlessly:
"If you've learned it, you don't have to ask me."
Liu Muyun immediately said:
"But I haven't learned it before, so I asked Your Highness, how should I understand it if I have learned it?"
Zhu Jingyuan hesitated for a few seconds, looked at the curious eyes of the girl in front of him, and decided to explain a little:
"A bowl was filled with thick soup and accidentally spilled a little.
“This drop of soup will not fall directly, but will flow inward along the wall of the bowl.
"Eventually it flows to the bottom of the bowl, making the hand holding the bowl sticky..."
Liu Muyun immediately nodded and said:
"Yes, that's true, because soup is sticky. What does this have to do with airplanes?"
Zhu Jingyuan did not answer directly, but continued to ask questions in a guided manner:
"If the side walls of the bowl become extremely thin and soft, so soft that any slightest force will cause it to deform, will the soup still flow inwards along the walls of the bowl?"
Liu Muyun was stunned for a moment. She was quick-thinking and reacted immediately:
"If it is in an ideal state and the wall of the bowl is extremely soft and deformable, the soup will drip normally.
“The extremely soft bowl wall will deform with the dripping soup, deforming to the normal trajectory of the soup dripping.
"The walls of the bowl are stuck to each other by the dripping soup, so the planes and kites are actually stuck together by the air flowing above them?"
"You can draw inferences from one instance..."
Zhu Jingyuan smiled and sighed, then went to the warehouse registration desk and took out a piece of paper.
Hold one end of the paper with your hand and let the other end hang down naturally.
Blow air toward the hanging end from the direction of your hand, and the other hanging end will float up on its own:
"Look, the fast flowing air sticks the sagging paper together..."
Liu Muyun blinked his eyes and said with a look of disbelief:
"No, Your Highness, our middle school teacher did this experiment.
“But he said this is because the air flows quickly, so the pressure is low, and the air below flows slowly, so the pressure is high, so the paper is lifted up.
"It's not glued together...well, I can't say it's not..."
Liu Muyun himself said it at the end, and he had already reacted:
"This... the air flows fast, so the pressure is small, and the air can stick to the paper. Is this actually the same thing?"
Zhu Jingyuan felt that this child was really smart, so he nodded with a smile on his face and said:
"Yes, it's the same thing, two different ways of expressing it. The essence is energy conservation.
"Water is viscous, and when it flows over a curved surface, it will deflect along the curve and speed up.
“The air also has a viscous effect. When it flows through a curved surface, it will deflect in the direction of the curve and its speed will increase.
"But mechanical energy is conserved. The forward flow speed is accelerated and the direction is deflected, which requires energy consumption.
“So these fluids shrink, shrink into the interior of the fluid, and the pressure on the arc surface they flow through decreases.
"Just like when you stretch the dough, the dough will become thinner in the middle, and the thinner part will put less pressure on the table."
Liu Muyun's eyes lit up completely after hearing these explanations, and his whole spirit was particularly uplifting.
As if he had discovered something extraordinary, he kept saying over and over again:
"So that's it, that's it..."
Zhu Jingyuan watched from the side, but immediately reminded him seriously:
"As long as you know what's going on, you don't need to think too deeply, unless you want to teach yourself fluid dynamics."
Liu Muyun was stunned:
“Why can’t we think deeply without learning about fluid dynamics?”
Zhu Jingyuan said directly:
"Because thinking without learning is dangerous. If you only dream without learning, you will be full of doubts and even have counterproductive effects."
Why can modern fighter jets still fly when turned over?
Why does the convex upper surface of the wing make the air flow faster on the upper surface?
Why can a uniform flat plate or a wing with symmetrical bulges above and below also fly?
If you don’t study theory, don’t do serious research and calculations, and just speculate on these issues, you may fall into sophistry, self-doubt, and even start to believe in agnosticism.
Assert that humans still don’t know how airplanes fly, humans don’t know why bicycles don’t fall, etc.
To the extent that human beings only summarize the laws, and humans do not know the reasons for the formation of the laws.
In fact, this is not "the rules are unknowable" at all, but "I don't know".
Going a step further, instead of relying on learning, new "laws" for "solving questions" are discovered through brainstorming, and then rejecting the existing proven practical laws, it evolves into the so-called "civilian science".
Physics is a discipline that describes objective laws, and science is a way of thinking that explores and discovers laws.
Why a law is a law is a philosophical question, not a physics question.
