The level of scientific and technological development in this world has accelerated by almost a hundred years compared to the same period in history.
However, there is not enough time and experience to accumulate various international systems and agreements.
The most important series of Geneva Conventions have not yet appeared, or have not formed a system or document.
Some private individuals have made similar appeals, but governments of various countries have not yet conducted formal consultations and agreements.
Zhu Jingyuan listed them first.
Zhu Jingyuan did not remember the original text of those documents, but he understood the concepts and ideas.
It means restricting special weapons, protecting prisoners of war and civilians, providing protection to medical staff, and also putting forward basic requirements.
Following this direction, Zhu Jingyuan listed the most basic points and let the officials of Honglu Temple spread their thoughts and complete the compilation of detailed contents.
With the guidance of Zhu Jingyuan, the relevant regulations are very rich in content.
At the same time, the provisions of the convention related to the prohibition of biological weapons such as bacteria and viruses, and chemical weapons such as toxins were incorporated into war-related conventions.
However, considering the actual situation, anti-personnel mines and cluster bombs were not added.
The current state of warfare cannot avoid the use of such weapons.
The details were all in the documents issued. Zhu Jingyuan just gave an outline and then left time for the representatives to read them first.
In addition to these war-related conventions, Zhu Jingyuan also proposed a large number of additional common agreements in other aspects.
Regulations and conventions on concepts and rights related to territory, airspace and territorial sea.
A convention to protect flora and fauna in mountains, forests and water bodies and avoid biological invasion.
Conventions relating to the ownership and protection of cultural monuments in Haiti.
Considering the current overall cultural level and reality of the world, some things that are taken for granted are not listed, such as the prohibition of child labor.
The most critical part of these regulations, related to the rules of war, was quite recognized by many representatives.
Generally speaking, it embodies the internal logic of controlling war and protecting soldiers and civilians, and it is also quite fair on the whole.
I just feel that some places are too strict and may be difficult to implement, so I plan to put them forward together after marking them a little.
But there was something behind it that the representatives couldn't understand.
Questions soon came up.
Prince Charles of France, Louis XVII in history, this young man seemed very surprised:
"Your Highness the Food King, do the ancient forests in the Yajiang Rainforest, Nanyang Rainforest, and Congo Rainforest really account for one-third of the earth's oxygen production?
"If they were destroyed, would it really be difficult for us to breathe? Would a large number of animals and even humans die?"
The real answer is of course not.
The rainforests in these three places do not play that big a role.
But Zhu Jingyuan personally likes mountains and forests and does not want those mountains and forests to be destroyed, especially in this era when environmental damage is the most serious.
At the same time, Zhu Jingyuan remembered that he had read some articles on the Internet in his previous life that he did not know whether they were true or false.
The southeastern corner of the Congo region contains uranium ore with the highest uranium content in the world. The uranium ore for the atomic bomb dropped on Japan during World War II was mined there.
However, Congo is not a major uranium exporter in later generations and can only be counted among "others".
This shows that even if there is uranium mine locally, the actual reserves should not be high.
The three major uranium mine distribution areas in the world, Australia, Kazakhstan, and Canada, have all been taken over by the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Jingyuan did not want to occupy the Congo just for a little uranium mine.
But at the same time, Daming did not want Congo, the "world's raw material warehouse", to be used by European and Western countries, let alone destroyed by them.
So we are going to "seal" this land in the name of protecting the lungs of the earth.
Environmental protection is actually a means to restrict the development of backward areas.
It will help relatively developed countries maintain their advantages and allow countries with sufficiently large territories to gain greater advantages.
Now that Ming Dynasty has advantages in both territory and industry, it can start to make use of environmental protection in advance.
With the technological and cultural level of this era, it is still difficult for people to understand what environmental protection is, let alone believe in it.
But we can start to establish and strengthen our understanding now. When the rhetoric of "for the future of all mankind" gradually becomes a system, it will be difficult for the other party to reject it outright.
Therefore, Zhu Jingyuan did not blush or breath, and gave a compassionate reply in the affirmative:
"Yes, the information I know is indeed like this. The rainforests in these three places have a huge impact on the earth's air.
“They are like the lungs of the entire planet, and protecting them protects the health and freedom of all of us.
“That’s why I mentioned that we, the Ming Dynasty, are responsible for protecting the rainforests in Nanyang and Asia, while the countries in Europe and the West are jointly responsible for protecting the Congolese rainforests.
“No country or individual may destroy forests and water bodies in corresponding areas, or open mountains and mine in corresponding areas.
"In addition, it is also important that the earth's 'kidneys', lakes and other surface water bodies and wetlands, should also be jointly protected.
"It is recommended that a special agency be established under the League of Nations to oversee and manage the protection of mountains, forests and water bodies around the world."
Prince Charles was still a little naive, so he nodded subconsciously and said:
"If this is true, it does need to be protected to protect the common future of mankind..."
However, representatives of the imperial courts of various countries in Europe and the West were vaguely aware of the inner influence.
They don't know how much actual protection of the environment has, but if they go too far, it will undoubtedly limit their own development.
We don’t have many native lands and colonies. If you want to restrict the development of mountains, forests and water bodies, do we still have room to use it?
So a dispute soon broke out here, and court representatives from several countries opposed excessive protection.
It is absolutely not allowed to extend so-called protection to all "mountains, forests and water bodies". This concept is too life-threatening.
After half an hour of debate, the two sides finally agreed that the clear protection scope of mountains, forests and water bodies would be limited to the Congo and Asia River for the time being.
Whether the scope and type should be expanded in the future will be further discussed after the International Alliance is established.
The countries in Europe and the West feel that it is not a loss. Congo is still a terra incognita, but Yajiang already belongs to the Ming Dynasty.
I simply don’t understand that Zhu Jingyuan was not planning to develop the Yajiang rainforest, but now he is just sealing off the Congo River Basin.
Then Spanish Prime Minister Manuel spoke and raised another key topic:
“Your Highness the King of Food, we believe that the three-nautical-mile territorial waters are too narrow. This is the artillery range of the front-loading artillery era.
"We believe that it should be expanded to at least 12 nautical miles. The current artillery range can already reach 12 nautical miles."
Zhu Jingyuan replied helplessly:
"The actual reason is that the width of the Strait of Gibraltar is exactly seven nautical miles, and the three nautical miles of territorial waters cannot be completely covered, right?
“If the territorial waters exceed three nautical miles, the entire Strait of Gibraltar is Spanish territorial waters, right?
"Actually, Prime Minister Manuel doesn't need to be nervous. In situations like the Strait of Gibraltar, there will be supplementary regulations later.
“Because there are other countries within the Great Qin Sea, it is not an inland sea exclusive to Spain.
“So the Strait of Gibraltar, which is the entrance and exit, and similar straits in other sea areas, should be regarded as international straits.
“The countries bordering the Channel cannot shut it down completely and exclusively.
“No matter how wide your territorial waters are, you cannot prohibit the normal entry and exit of ships from countries on the other side of the strait.
"It would be better to just set it up to three nautical miles and leave a narrow channel in the middle of Gibraltar to allow other countries to enter and exit freely."
In Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, he definitely supported the idea that the larger the territorial waters, the better.
Countries such as Peru can even follow the example of Yinzhou and directly claim 370 kilometers of territorial waters.
Of course, Peru is not trying to make nonsense of such a wide territorial sea, because the width of the Peruvian fishing zone is only 370 kilometers, and it can be completely included.
In this world, Zhu Jingyuan has begun to support three nautical miles of territorial waters, or even lower.
Because the Ming Dynasty's navy is strong, it will become even stronger in the future and will control sea power in most areas.
The actual territorial sea scope of a maritime power country is not at all a few nautical miles wide as stipulated in international law, but the scope that the navy can actually control.
Therefore, the so-called high seas in international law are actually the actual territorial waters of the maritime hegemon.
Now the entire Ming Dynasty belongs to the Ming Dynasty, and no country will explicitly oppose it.
On the other hand, of course, the smaller the width of other countries’ territorial waters, the better.
The narrower the territorial waters, the more convenient it is for close range deterrence operations.
The Strait of Gibraltar, in particular, is just over seven nautical miles wide.
If calculated based on three nautical miles of territorial waters, even if both sides are Spanish territory, there is still one nautical mile of high seas in the middle.
Daming can go in and out directly.
But this is not enough. Some straits are less than six nautical miles, and territorial waters of three nautical miles can be sealed.
In order not to be blocked by corresponding countries, "international straits" must be set up.
This is not only for the convenience of Ming Dynasty, but also to resolve the dispute between Lucia and Osman.
Manuel actually saw the relevant content, but still insisted.
The logic of international straits seems to be natural, but Spain, as the country that controls the entrance and exit of the key straits, does not want to accept it.
Moreover, Spain’s objection is not for other reasons, I am to block your Ming Dynasty!
But we cannot say this directly, we can only put it another way:
"Even so, we still insist on having at least twelve nautical miles of territorial waters, and the passage regulations cannot allow it so easily..."
Zhu Jingyuan laughed directly and said:
"You don't have to think about completely sealing off the strait. The relevant regulations must not be stipulated for each strait, but must be relatively universal.
“Denmark and the Ottomans cannot completely block Lucia’s seaport, otherwise it will be a new round of war.
"And avoiding war is exactly why we have all kinds of compromised rules."
The Ottomans controlled the Black Sea entrance and exit of Lucia, and Sweden and Denmark controlled the Baltic Sea entrance and exit of Lucia.
The width of the straits in both places is very narrow, with the width at the narrowest point being less than six nautical miles.
If the basic rules of the Convention are followed, these places will be the territorial waters or even internal waters of coastal countries and should enjoy absolute sovereignty.
Therefore, Zhu Jingyuan referred to the experience of later generations of maritime law and asked countries in these places to allow ships from other countries to pass.
However, it is also stipulated that the sovereignty of these waters still belongs to the coastal countries and they have the rightful jurisdiction.
Can require passing ships to use their own designated waterways.
Vessels from other countries must abide by the regulations of coastal countries when passing through, and must not engage in anything that harms the security and interests of coastal countries.
This includes but is not limited to stopping ships for observation, testing any weapons, conducting any military training, passing diving status, fishing and exploration, etc.
This is actually a compromise.
In full compliance with the rigid territorial sea rules, the entrances and exits of the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea are directly sealed, which is absolutely impossible for a country like Lucia to accept.
Seemingly because he was called by name, Lucia's representative Wedemeyer spoke up, seemingly resolutely interjecting a few words:
“International straits leading to the territorial waters of other countries cannot be recognized as the territorial waters of coastal countries, otherwise countries behind the straits will not be able to enter and exit normally.
"There must be an international public passage between such straits, regardless of their width."
Now Lucia directly demands that these places should not be used as territorial waters.
The Swedes were not present, but the Ottomans were, and Grand Vizier Zayadin made direct tit-for-tat demands:
"We do not accept the so-called right of passage. Our territorial waters are our land, and we can refuse the passage of ships from any country..."
When Zhu Jingyuan heard this, he slapped the table directly:
"What are you doing? Lucia, think about it, Osman really won't let you go, what can you do?
"Osman, think about it, if you really want to block her completely, what will Lucia do?
"How much of the area do you two dispute? How much of our Ming Dynasty's sea area will be open to relevant rights?
“If you are not allowed to pass through all the straits and sea areas of Ming Dynasty, what can you do?
“I think this compromise is very interesting, so don’t engage in any roof-lifting strategy here!
"This is a very necessary compromise. You both have to accept it, or you have to accept it if you don't!"
The representatives of the two countries just wanted to express their attitude, but now they shut up without hesitation.
But Spain’s Manuel still insists as a matter of course:
"We still demand that the territorial waters be changed to 12 nautical miles."
At the same time, British Prime Minister Peter also followed suit and gave Spanish support:
"We can accept the regulations on the right of passage, and we also believe that the width of the territorial sea should be increased to 12 nautical miles."
Then Portugal and Italy and even France expressed support.
They also recognize that the impact of internationally recognized territorial waters has different meanings for countries with different levels of sea power.
Given their current status, it would be better to choose one that is slightly larger but has a relatively reasonable range.
Zhu Jingyuan frowned slightly when he heard this. Representatives from most countries are not easy to fool.
Although I knew from the beginning that it would be difficult to directly set a default territorial sea of three nautical miles, it was impossible to just agree to them:
“Twelve nautical miles is impossible. The concept of territorial sea originally came from the range that countries on the coast can control, or the strike range of shore artillery.
“It is now impossible for our artillery to operate at a distance of twelve nautical miles.
"The current most common naval combat distance is still between five and six kilometers. Three nautical miles is exactly 5.5 kilometers, so three nautical miles is better."
Peter immediately continued to retort:
"The range of shore artillery and the combat distance of the navy are two different things. Now the maximum range of shore artillery has reached 20 kilometers, and the actual combat distance of even naval guns has exceeded ten kilometers."
Zhu Jingyuan had long known that Pete would say this:
"The theoretical combat distance has just reached ten kilometers, so let's set the territorial sea range to six nautical miles, almost eleven kilometers."
Peter thought for a while and decided to grind a little more:
"We think it should be at least ten nautical miles. Artillery technology is still developing at a high speed, and we must leave a margin for the future."
Zhu Jingyuan glanced at the representatives from other countries:
"How about we not set a unified standard, but use the strike distance of our respective weapons to calculate the width of our respective territorial waters?"
Peter was not prepared to engage in a range competition with Ming Dynasty for shore artillery. No one could catch up with Ming Dynasty in the technology of this thing.
So Peter immediately made a decisive decision not to dawdle any more:
"That's still six nautical miles!"
Peter looked at the representatives from other countries, and they nodded and said:
"Six nautical miles is six nautical miles."
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