Champa Puluo was originally established by the Han Dynasty as Xianglin County, Rinan County, and was referred to as Linyi. In 137 AD, Okui, the son of a meritorious official in Xianglin County, killed the county magistrate, proclaimed himself king, and founded the country.
'Bu Luo' means 'city' in Sanskrit, so the Central Plains Dynasty simply translated it as Champa.
Champa began to be Indianized after the founding of the country, and began to believe in Brahmanism and Buddhism. The first batch of Cham nobles seen by the Han Dynasty people had deep eyes, high noses, and black hair. They should be Aryans from South Asia, but Later they were assimilated by the local races.
Politically, it is similar to India. It believes in the divine right of kings and the integration of politics and religion. The caste system was introduced from India. Among the four castes, only Brahman and Kshatriya are ministers, and most kings come from the two surnames.
The geographical characteristics of Champa are similar to those along the coast of Fujian. Short, rapid alpine rivers swoop down from the coastal mountains and flow alone into the sea, forming a small coastal impact plain.
Each plain is blocked by mountains extending laterally into the ocean, forming a relatively independent and closed geographical unit.
It can be said that it is "situated between the mountains and the sea, with all the seawater on the east coast" and "is surrounded by islands and countless small bays", and has a unique geographical landscape.
Each small coastal plain has strong autonomy, which results in its political system being only a loose political alliance, equivalent to the nomads on the coast. Most of the scattered groups move around as they please, enjoy a relatively free life, and fight with each other. Or union, fickle.
As the leader of the alliance, the King of Champa's authority was limited to his own river mouth plain. Apart from his own base, his rule relied on his ability to build alliances and his military exploits with foreign countries.
Its natural conditions are superior, with rice being harvested three times a year and abundant fishery resources. However, the level of human production is not high and they do not like to work hard, so their income is limited and unstable.
Foreign plunder has become a necessity for the Cham people to survive, and the king also gains respect from his subordinates and obtains political recognition by attacking and plundering everywhere, which is very similar to the nomads.
Therefore, before the independence of Annan, Rinan in the southernmost part of Jiaozhou of the Central Plains Dynasty was often harassed by Linyi barbarians, and then the Central Plains Dynasty sent troops to beat them up. The Sui Dynasty simply destroyed Linyi for a while.
After the independence of Annan, the Cham people also harassed Annan's borders and coasts year after year. Then Annan was forced to panic. After saving its strength for several years, they launched a major counterattack and went straight to Huanglong. The Cham people surrendered and knelt down to call daddy. When the Annan people evacuated, The Cham people could not change their habit of eating shit, so they repeated the same operation for hundreds of years.
In addition, Champa and Chenla to the south also maintained a long-term war conflict. You fought for me and attacked each other constantly. You destroyed me, and I destroyed you.
With the rise of sea trade between the East and the West, Champa became an important node on the sea route. The people of Cham were not content with just doing transit trade, but also started a very promising career as piracy.
Officials in Champa not only indulged in piracy, they often even used political force to directly participate.
It can be said that the political economy of Champa is based on plunder. The Cham people themselves are thieves and pirates, and the king and the government share the proceeds of plunder.
To sum up, the Zhan people live in the coastal mountains. They are fierce in nature and like to fight bravely. They take maritime affairs as their occupation. They seek what they have in foreign countries. They plunder sea boats and plunder the coast. They are either invaded by Annan or attacked from the south. wax.
He is obviously the weakest among the three countries in Indochina, but he likes to cause trouble the most. He is keen on provoking everywhere, and he lives like a flat-headed brother.
Generally speaking, the three kingdoms of Champa, Annam, and Chenla were actually vassal states of the Song Dynasty. Politically, they needed to rely on the Song Dynasty to protect themselves, and economically they also obtained benefits through tribute and trade.
Although the Song Dynasty at this time completely lost the prestige of the suzerain state, the occupation of the city was not really unscrupulous, and some superficial articles still had to be maintained.
Therefore, the warship carrying Pu Shiwen encountered many pirate ships along the way, but was not attacked and successfully arrived at Foshu, the capital of Champa, which was roughly the city of Quy Nhon in later generations.
Pu Shiwen, who had been frightened all the time, could finally breathe a sigh of relief. However, the commander of the warship Qian Long was somewhat disappointed. He really wished that someone with blind eyes could bump into him. Not only did he want to test the combat effectiveness of the warship, he also wanted to get a " 'Case of war'.
Since he was on a mission, he should have a formal official status, so Zhao Mengqi arranged for Pu Shiwen to have the official title of Chengfeng Lang of the ninth rank, and sent him to Zhuanying of the Southeast Jiedu Prefecture.
Regarding the arrival of the envoy from the Kingdom of China, Champa seemed to be respectful, but in fact was indifferent and perfunctory. It sent several officials, both large and small, to the port to greet them.
According to etiquette, these Champa officials should have paid homage to Pu Shiwen when they were greeted, but they just hugged hands and treated it as a courtesy.
Pu Shiwen, who was wearing a blue official robe, was very embarrassed standing there, but with the mentality of doing more things than doing less, he did not want to pursue the matter, so he just laughed twice and let these officials lead the way to the capital.
"Wait!"
Qian Long, who was in full armor, took a step forward, glanced at the several Champa officials with sharp eyes, and said coldly, "Why don't you worship!? Don't you know the inferiority of others!?"
Champa is heavily Indianized and uses Sanskrit as its official text. However, it is also deeply influenced by Chinese culture. The upper class mostly speaks Chinese, and many people in Champa can even recite poems and write lyrics in Chinese.
After hearing Qian Long's words, several people were stunned, obviously they did not expect to be questioned face to face.
After reacting, the leading official raised his chin slightly and said sternly, "Strictly speaking, you have no imperial edict from the Song Dynasty and are not regular envoys. How can you pay homage? If you want to talk about dignity and inferiority, then Pu Chengfeng can't do it." He is a ninth-grade official, much lower than us in official positions. In fact, we are the venerables, and he is the one who worships us!"
"Yes, yes, it's obviously Pu Chengfeng who was rude, but adults don't remember the faults of villains, so we don't care..."
Several other officials echoed proudly, with mocking looks on their faces.
Qian Long narrowed his eyes, a sneer appeared on his round face, swayed, and slapped the leading official occupying the city with a loud slap in the face.
"What a joke! How can you talk about official positions in a small country like this!? Even a dog in my dynasty would be as noble as Bill!"
This big mouth fooled all the Champa people present, and what Qian Long said was really too deceptive, completely trampling on the dignity of the Champa people.
Immediately, the Champa people were filled with indignation. More than a hundred Champa soldiers showed their weapons and prepared to surround Qian Long, as if they wanted to chop Qian Long into mincemeat.
The forty or fifty soldiers behind Qian Long also drew their Thousand Ox Swords. On the warship not far away, there were even crossbows and arrows. It seemed that the war was about to break out.
The Champa official who was beaten covered his face and was filled with rage. But when he looked up, he found that Qian Long not only did not feel nervous or regretful at all, but his eyes shone with excitement. He couldn't help but feel a little bit in his heart, feeling something was wrong.
"Stop it all! Put your weapons back!"
The official raised his hand and shouted, and then said in Champa dialect, "He did it on purpose, deliberately provoking us to fight. Don't be fooled, and we can't beat him."
Although there were more soldiers occupying the city, they were all clothed in civilian clothes and had little protection. They could not defeat the armored Song army.
So what if I can beat him?
Once they take action, the situation will be revealed, which may cause the Song Dynasty to launch an army to investigate. Although the possibility is very small, even if the Song Dynasty does not take action on its own, Zhenla and Annan will definitely use the topic to use it to conquer the city under the guise of doing justice for heaven.
The relationship between clan and Tibetan family is like the relationship between father and son. In fact, it was Qian Long who beat and insulted his son first, but I beat my son a few times and cursed him a few times. If you, the son, dare to fight back, it will be treason and everyone can punish him.
Fame and righteousness seem to be dispensable, but politically they are crucial. With the support of the Song Dynasty, Chenla and Annan can justifiably destroy Champa.
Several officials who occupied the city were not fools. They figured out the relationship in a blink of an eye and were so frightened that they broke out in cold sweat.
So he quickly dismissed the soldiers, then respectfully paid homage to Pu Shiwen and Qian Long, and then diligently organized the carriages and led the 'mission' to the capital.
Originally, the Champa officials wanted to limit the number of accompanying Song troops to ten people, but now they looked at the fifty soldiers in the team and did not dare to say a word.
Qian Long curled his lips in disappointment and muttered, "Yi Di are just like beasts. They are afraid of power but not moral. Mr. Sima will not bully me."
Pu Shiwen was so frightened that he broke into a cold sweat just now. He could still feel his back was greasy and cold at this moment. He did not forget to thank Qian Long, "Thank you, general, for speaking up and saving the face of this subordinate..."
He knew very well that he was only an envoy in name only, and Qian Long was the real talker.
He also knew that Qian Long was not actually looking for face for himself, nor was it for the majesty of the suzerain country, but was deliberately arrogant and provoking trouble to make Champa passive politically.
Even King Yan deliberately chose himself to be the envoy, just to lure Pu Chongmo to kill people, so that he could not only achieve great justice and defeat the king of Champa, but also make himself, the unsightly traitor and evil minister, disappear. It was simply killing two birds with one stone.
The capital of Champa used to be Indrapura, five hundred miles to the north, which was later known as Da Nang.
Around 979 AD, the King of Champa took advantage of the death of the Annan Din Dynasty emperor and led his army to attack Hua Lu, the capital of Vietnam. Although the action was unsuccessful, this unjust act of taking advantage of people's danger and killing people triggered the whole Annan movement. people’s public outrage.
So Li Huan, who had usurped the throne of the Ding Dynasty, personally led his army to attack Champa in order to win over the people. He sacked Indrapura, the capital of Champa, and razed the city. Then Champa had to move its capital south to Buddha Oath City. .
Of course, the Champa people did not learn this lesson, and later they still provoked Annan and Chenla from time to time. The Buddha's Oath City was occupied by the two countries several times.
Just three years ago, the founding emperor of the Annan Chen Dynasty, Chen Yu, personally conquered the city of Champa and captured Foswear City. He captured the wife of the king and a large number of his subjects, and the city of Champa was almost destroyed again...
So when Pu Shiwen and Qian Long entered Foswear City, they saw a dilapidated scene everywhere, not even a posthouse for the envoys. The Champa official could only borrow the house of a wealthy Han businessman to house the envoys.
Early the next morning, King Jayavarman VI of Champa summoned Pu Shiwen and Qianlong in the newly rebuilt palace.
