For a long time, Liu Bei has been very dissatisfied with this series of ideological theories. He believed that the imperial system's oppression and confinement of the natural science theoretical system was very bad.
The imperial system that pursues stability naturally has a distaste for the theoretical system of natural science, and will do everything possible to suffocate it. This cannot be solved by one or two people.
Therefore, in the brand new "Chiade Tongyi", he intends to put this thought that despises the development of science and technology in a politically incorrect position and criticize it fundamentally.
Then, the great significance of natural science is determined from both military and agricultural aspects, and then the theoretical system of natural science is supported, making it necessary for the development of military power and agricultural production, and making it politically correct.
Even so, he couldn't guarantee that all this would really last for a long time, but no matter what, he had to do it. If he did it, it would be better than not doing it.
"If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. This point must not fall into the discussion of cunning and grotesque skills. This kind of thinking will guide meat eaters to deliberately not develop good tools in order to squeeze people's physical strength. tools, they won't care even if the people starve to death in the end.
Although the Mohists have many bad ideas in politics, they pay attention to the development of clever skills and the advancement of technology. I think this is very reasonable. Since I marched on the battlefield, the reason why I have won many times has never been a single victory. In defeat, ingenuity played a great role.
The weapons used by our army are sharper than those of the enemy. The armors used by our army are more durable and more numerous than those of the enemy. The crossbows used by our army can shoot farther and faster than the enemy's crossbows. , these are the magic weapons for our army to defeat the enemy.
And all of this stems from the application of the art of ingenuity in our army. At the same time, the grain output of the Han Dynasty has been rising steadily over the years, with more grains produced each year than the previous year. The reason is also that the development of the art of ingenuity has made We can produce more high-quality steel.
These steels can not only meet the needs of making ordnance, but also meet the needs of the people for iron farm tools. Things that were not possible in the past can now be done. This will be of great benefit to agricultural production, and food production will continue to increase, which will be beneficial to reclamation. In terms of wasteland, it is also a great improvement. "
This argument was supported by Zheng Xuan.
Ruan Yu is also the strongest supporter.
Ruan Yu paid great attention to agricultural production. He knew that since the Liangzhou period, Liu Bei had begun to provide farmers with high-quality agricultural tools in large quantities, so farmers in the areas ruled by Liu Bei always had a relatively abundant supply of agricultural tools.
After becoming an official in Luoyang, Ruan Yu will also pay attention to the issue of annual grain production.
He learned that areas with sufficient supplies of agricultural tools produced much more food than areas without sufficient supplies of agricultural tools, and that the number of famines in areas with sufficient agricultural tools was far less than that in areas lacking sufficient agricultural tools.
It can be seen that areas with sufficient agricultural tools are far more capable of producing food and resisting disasters than other areas.
Therefore, he believed that developing ingenious techniques could greatly increase grain production, increase the Han's grain reserves, and enhance the ability to withstand disasters.
For a country, food reserves are of great significance.
The three giants in the compilation work all expressed their absolute support, so there is no doubt that this discussion was added to "Chiade Tongyi".
Paying attention to the development of ingenuity, denying scheming and cunning skills, and confirming the great significance of ingenuity to military and agricultural production, this discussion was written into the constitution of the Han Dynasty, recognized, and became a political correct.
Finally, Liu Bei also mentioned the diplomatic skills of diplomats and believed that the combination of vertical and horizontal lines that diplomats pay attention to in diplomacy is very meaningful.
In the process of the Han Dynasty's foreign exchanges, because he did not make good use of the art of combining vertical and horizontal lines, he was too arrogant and blindly confident, so that his home was stolen by the Xiongnu several times, which led to several setbacks in the operation of the Western Regions and serious losses. .
When the deployment of one's own forces cannot be achieved in time, the number of actions to use the art of combining vertical and horizontal lines to obtain the forces of various countries in the Western Region to achieve the goal is relatively small. There are even fewer talents who are good at using this kind of diplomacy, and the strategic deterrence of the Han Dynasty cannot be fully exerted.
The art of political strategists must not lose its inheritance and significance because of the unification of the Han Dynasty. The political strategists should exist for a long time and serve the diplomacy of the Han Empire, whether it is the countries in the Western Regions, Kushan and Anxi further west, or even the countries of Qin.
All in all, the Han Dynasty’s basic national policy of foreign expansion requires the participation of political experts.
So the imperial literati began to speak favorably of the art of political strategists in the Jiade Tongyi, record good stories, and record Liu Bei's quotations, in order to establish the basic status and significance of the art of political strategists in the future Han Dynasty.
After some deliberation, mainly following Liu Bei's orders, the basic tone of "Chiade Tongyi" was determined.
Drawing on the strengths of all, not taking Confucian techniques as the only way to govern the country, but choosing to use the excellent theories of hundreds of scholars as a reference, and formulate a constitutional spirit of openness, pioneering, enterprising, legal, strict, and just, as a great Han Dynasty The guiding ideology of the Third Reich.
In addition to the guiding ideology of this general policy, Liu Bei also personally guided and made decisions on some more specific details.
For example, Liu Bei issued an order to change customs and get rid of bad customs. The typical examples were wedding customs and funeral customs.
Marriage customs in the Han Dynasty started from Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and emphasized grand arrangements. The more luxurious the ceremony, the better, and the more people involved, the better.
Even if you have no money and need to borrow money to do something, you have to do it in a lively manner, otherwise it will be a shameless thing.
For this reason, whether it is a common person or a wealthy family, they often go to great lengths to hold a wedding.
In addition, in terms of funeral customs, the Han Dynasty also paid attention to generous burials. They would like to bury all the family property in the ground during the funeral. It seems that if they do not do this, they will not be able to show the filial piety of their children to their parents.
Even if the living people can't even eat after a funeral, the deceased family members have to be buried with rich funeral objects.
A marriage and a funeral, both of which consume a large amount of property of a normal family. In this way, the growth of private wealth can be greatly controlled. This series of magical operations starting from Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty can be said to have made the common people Enough suffering.
This is the case with Liu Bei's family.
The successive deaths of his grandfather and father sent almost all of his family's property underground, causing his family to plummet from a middle-class official family to a mat-weaving and shoe-selling family.
The tradition of generous burials in the Han Dynasty was so terrifying.
The purpose of this custom is just like what the art of governance says: it is to make the ruler's rule more stable and longer-lasting.
Other than that, it doesn't make much sense.
So Liu Bei ordered local officials to publicize more to local people, and stipulated that marriages do not need to be grandiose and banquets for relatives and friends of both parties, and funerals do not need to be grandiose. It is definitely not good for future generations to starve because of funerals. The wish of a dead person.
Changing customs is not a simple matter. If you want people to abide by the rules they are used to, the impact on the local area should be huge.
It even involves the fundamental of filial piety. Liu Bei has not yet thought of challenging this fundamental, so he took a compromise path.
Level restrictions on customs.
Ordinary families can only use the lowest level of regulations to hold weddings and funerals in a low-key manner. No one else is allowed to attend except relatives and friends.
Generally, powerful landlord families are allowed to hold weddings and funerals in the middle and lower classes, and they are properly arranged. In addition to relatives and friends, villagers can participate.
Wealthier families from powerful local families and families of petty officials can use the regulations of the middle and upper classes to organize weddings and funerals, and organize them well. In addition to relatives and friends, county residents can attend.
There are no restrictions on the families of officials, and they can organize as much as they want. Weddings and funerals can be as luxurious and lively as they want, and they can spend as much money as they like.
As long as you have money, you can even take over all the streets of Luoyang City.
In order to provide detailed regulations, Liu Bei was deeply involved in the formulation of the rules. He made detailed regulations on the four levels of identity definition standards, as well as the procedures and contents of weddings and funerals, and even costs, to prevent anyone from taking advantage of them.
This is of course also the basic spirit of Baihu Tongyi, the previous version of Jiade Tongyi.
"White Tiger Tongyi" also stipulates some details in detail, such as the frequency of sleeping with a concubine who is fifty years old...
If they can be meticulous, then I can be meticulous too.
In fact, apart from the cost of marriage and funerals, what Liu Bei wanted to do most was to change the custom of keeping filial piety.
It's really funny to observe filial piety. Parents who didn't fulfill their filial piety during their lifetime went home and punched the air hard for three years after their death. What's the point besides performing for others to see?
This kind of collective moral kidnapping, and even the imposition of compulsory requirements at the national level, was one of the biggest maladministrations of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Bei hated it deeply.
It's just that now is not the time to attack the rule of "governing the world with filial piety", so Liu Bei has restrained himself somewhat.
Despite his efforts, the guiding ideology of the Han Empire's governance has deviated far from the direction of Confucianism. From this moment on, the status of Confucianism has begun to change from the official level of the Han Empire.
Since "Jia De Tong Yi" is to be written in this way, Zheng Xuan feels that simultaneous innovation is also needed at the educational level.
Anyway, he is also the Minister of Education and is in charge of education. He knows how much Liu Bei attaches importance to education, so he feels that Liu Bei must have thought about this issue.
"That's natural. Since the Han Dynasty no longer uses Confucianism to govern the country, some changes will naturally need to be made at the education level. This has been going on all the time. Agricultural sciences, astronomy and geography are also taught in Taixue and various universities.
As for the next step, we should do more compilation of teaching materials in the fields of law, Mohism, and Zongheng. For Confucianism, the "Five Classics of Justice" that is being compiled is used as a teaching material. For several other disciplines, we need to organize manpower to compile teaching materials as soon as possible. "
Zheng Xuan nodded.
"Legal studies are easy to handle. Just ask Guo Shangshu, Man Lingjun and others to spend some time to compile the "Han Code" as the main body. But in terms of Mohism and Zongheng studies, what should be used to compile teaching materials?"
"As for Mohism, let's take the Mohist Classic as the main one."
Liu Bei thought for a while and said slowly: "I have read the Mo Jing. It contains a lot of important content about spells, other knowledge, and many ingenious techniques. However, some deletions need to be made to combine them. Delete things like "love is not offensive" and just keep the cleverness."
"I understand, I will handle this matter."
Zheng Xuan nodded and said: "What about Zonghengxue? Does "Guiguzi" need to be taught in its entirety? Does it need to make some deletions?"
"Just proofread the words and make punctuation breaks."
Liu Bei looked at Zheng Xuan and said: "As for deletions, I don't think it is necessary. Does Zheng Gong think there is anything in this book that is inconvenient to pass on to future generations?"
"That's not the case. It's just that there are many cunning and deceptive techniques in the book. Although it is necessary, but..."
Zheng Xuanwei said: "If these deceptive skills are taught openly, I'm afraid it will arouse criticism and bring some bad consequences, right?"
"How can we manipulate people vertically and horizontally if we don't have the skill to deceive people?"
Liu Bei smiled and said: "Judging from the moral values of Master Confucius, of course he does not like the art of vertical and horizontal skills, but this world is not the world of Master Confucius, nor the world of Confucian scholars, but the world of everyone in the world. What to learn, how to learn, and what to learn." So what when we arrive, we won’t bother Old Master Kong.”
Zheng Xuan understood what Liu Bei meant.
He asked this out of the instinct of a Confucian scholar. After hundreds of years of intensive moral education, he instinctively disliked the deceitful techniques in Zonghengshu, thinking that it would make people unhappy, but...
The world is about to change. It is no longer the world of Confucian moral gentlemen. The era of deposing the nobles and respecting Confucianism has passed. Hundreds of schools may return to the society of the Han Empire, and everything will be different from the past.
Under the Confucian discourse, vertical and horizontal numbers are deceitful techniques, but from other perspectives, vertical and horizontal techniques can bring benefits to the country. In this case, as a ruler, why not do it?
Moral gentlemen cannot practice real diplomacy.
Moreover, following the political thinking of the new era [laws are not as old as they are today], the concept of [people’s hearts are not as old as the past] will also become politically incorrect content, and no one will criticize others based on this.
And if people’s hearts really go to ancient times, what will happen?
Guess where the ancients came from so many taboos on reproduction and moral defenses such as "Don't marry with the same surname"?
Therefore, with Liu Bei's permission, the revised version of the "Five Classics of Justice", the abridged version of the "Mo Jing", the revised version of "Guiguzi", and "Han Lv", as well as the original teaching materials on agriculture, astronomy, geography, mathematics, etc., were It was included in the first series of textbooks on education in the Han Empire.
The next job of the printing house is to prepare printing tools and be ready to print these books at full capacity at any time, striving to print hundreds of thousands of copies of each volume for use as teaching materials.
The next step is the work of the academic department.
Zheng Xuan needs to make a comprehensive revision of the teaching content of fifteen higher education institutions, including Taixue and other Fourteenth Academies, according to Liu Bei's request, and communicate it to Taixue and the Fourteenth Academies in a timely manner, regardless of whether they have To complete the work of running the school, it must be communicated in place.
As far as Zheng Xuan knows so far, the imperial court's requirement that each state have a state university has been met.
It's just that the schools in Yangzhou have just opened, while the schools in Jiaozhou have not yet opened. Some states have attracted more students, some have attracted fewer students, some have been running schools for a year or two, and with experience, some even It's just a grassroots team.
Before, Liu Bei was busy fighting for power and dealing with conspiracies. Now that he had some free time, he decided to personally supervise the construction of schools in various states.
Limited by funds and resources, it is currently not possible to further build more schools, but by concentrating resources on fifteen specialized schools, we can still train a group of outstanding students for court affairs, so these fifteen The school is his son's project.
At present, apart from Taixue, Liangzhou Prefecture University and Sili University are the best, followed by Yizhou University, Qingzhou University and Xuzhou University. Youzhou University, Jizhou University, Yanzhou University and Yuzhou University are the second best. Third gear.
The remaining Jingzhou Academy and Yangzhou Academy were once again, not to mention Jiaozhou Academy.
Many things are under construction and development, but the current state is really a bit primitive due to limitations of time and operating experience.
But that’s okay. The development of new things will always face some ups and downs. It’s better to get over them.
(End of chapter)
