Liu Bei was happy for this extravagant trouble.
However, he knew that this was only temporary, because the power of the conservatives of the Ancient Literature School was limited, and the target groups for liquidation were limited and small in number, so they would feel extremely relaxed.
When the operation to save the land was in full swing and the powerful landlords launched rebellions one after another, they knew what it meant to be exhausted.
Sometimes, the enemy is not strong, but numerous. The so-called ants bite the elephant to death. If the number increases, even if you can win, you will be half dead from exhaustion.
But let them go to Versailles now.
Their Versailles also fundamentally established the status of Liu Bei, the newly ascended emperor.
As we all know, the emperor is the one with strong soldiers and horses.
Although no one today recognizes this truth, nor does it sound as harsh and true as it did during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the truth is the truth and cannot be changed by external things.
Liu Bei is the most powerful person in the world. He was, is, and will be in the future. He consolidated his position with a liquidation operation and also let the whole world know the fact that he ascended the throne.
In more than three months, all the living governors, governors, ministers, and county magistrates in the entire Han Empire congratulated Liu Bei on his accession to the throne, recognized his status, and declared their allegiance to him.
Those who did not admit it were dead or escaped, and their fate is unknown.
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and other old brothers were overjoyed and wrote letters expressing their desire to return to Luoyang to congratulate Liu Bei. However, Liu Bei blocked them due to official duties and promised to allow them to come back to report on their work during the Chinese New Year, and then everyone would drink and celebrate together.
This partial liquidation operation can also be regarded as a war, a war for Liu Bei to prove his strength.
After this war, Liu Bei proved his "legitimacy" as emperor, so starting from mid-September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei began to launch political actions in Luoyang.
The calm situation in the first three months does not mean that nothing will happen. No one can stop the political reforms that Liu Bei will carry out. He will reorganize the Luoyang court according to his own ideas, straighten out the entire court organization, and officially declare the Han Dynasty The establishment of the Third Reich.
The central political structure of the Second Empire of the Han Dynasty was an administrative system with the three-gong and nine-qing system as the surface, the Shangshutai as the overall situation, and the emperor's autocratic rule as the foundation. The Shangshutai played an extremely important role in this system.
During the 190-year history of the Eastern Han Empire, this organization continuously competed with the Three Gongs and Nine Ministers for power. With the emperor's back, it seized a considerable part of the power of the Three Gongs and Nine Ministers, and in fact became the administrative center of the Han Empire.
And it was also in Shangshu Taizhong that in the process of continuous political evolution, the six-ministry system of officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments, and industry emerged in later generations, that is, the system of dividing Cao Cao to handle affairs. During the period of Han Ling Emperor Liu Hong, for the first time, The title "Ministry" appeared.
Liu Bei set up six ministries in the General's Mansion to handle government affairs, divided major national affairs into six ministries for comprehensive processing, carried out substantial political reforms and political practices, and ran this system for a period of time, achieving good results.
So in mid-to-late September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei officially issued an edict announcing that he would reform the central institutions of the Luoyang court.
On the premise of retaining the names of Sangong and Jiuqing, the six ministries originally belonging to the General's Office were reorganized and replaced the Shangshutai, becoming an important central institution for handling affairs of the imperial court.
In the six-ministry system, Liu Bei separated agricultural and land affairs from the Ministry of Household Affairs and established a separate Ministry of Agriculture. He also separated educational affairs from the Ministry of Rites and established a separate Ministry of Education.
Therefore, the six ministries were changed into eight ministries, with eight ministries including the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Law, the Military Ministry, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Household Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Education as the core, and the specific service departments under the eight ministries as the main body to restructure the central administration. system.
In addition, the original central authority will be abolished and integrated, and some unnecessary departments will be abolished or split into eight ministries to streamline the personnel structure.
Although the political structure of the Eastern Han Dynasty was based on the name of the Sangong and Jiuqing and had no actual power, the considerable number of functional agencies in the Sangong's government was not completely meaningless.
For example, Xicao, Dongcao, Hucao, Zuocao, Jincao, etc. in the Taiwei Mansion all have their own functional responsibilities, and there are also relevant officials. They are only restricted by the Shangshutai when doing things, and the Taiwei himself does not have the qualifications. The actual control power over Zhu Cao.
The functions are complete, the team is complete, and the personnel are neat, but the leader does not have control over the power. The subordinates are actually not under the command of their immediate superiors. The control power is often in the chancellery directly under the emperor.
Therefore, although the Shangshutai holds a lot of power, these functional departments still exist, and the dignity of the three public servants is still there.
In Liu Bei's reform plan, the three princes, Situ Sikong and Taiwei, only have themselves and no other functional departments.
They are just polished commanders, with high ranking officials and rich financial support, and that’s all.
Liu Bei has no intention of paying any fees for Sangong's face-saving project. All their subordinates and functional agencies will be abolished and merged into eight departments according to different attributes to enrich the eight departments' institutional personnel.
Liu Bei also plans to make some adjustments to the nine ministers including Taichang, Guang Luxun, Wei Wei, Tai Pu, Ting Wei, Da Honglu, Zong Zheng, Da Sinong, and Shaofu.
The responsibilities that Taichang is responsible for mainly belong to the scope of the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Education, so all subordinate officials and all functions of Taichang's position will be merged into the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Education.
Guang Luxun and Weiwei were mainly responsible for the palace guards and their duty to protect the safety of the emperor. By the way, Guang Luqing also had the intention of cultivating reserve officials and making friends with nobles. This authority was relatively sensitive, so Liu Bei also decided to assign their duties to Split.
All the palace guard duties will be unified and handled by the Royal Guards. The Royal Guards will be expanded with the Tiger Guard as the core to protect the emperor and the palace in peacetime.
In special times, such as when the emperor's chariot goes on an expedition in person, it is also necessary to go out with the emperor. For example, when morale needs to be boosted, the imperial guards can also go out on behalf of the emperor.
Guang Luxun's own function of training reserve officials will be returned to the Ministry of Personnel and will no longer be in charge of Guang Luxun.
All the subordinate officers of Guang Luxun and Weiwei were abolished, leaving only these two positions themselves, with nothing left except glory and official salary.
The servant is somewhat like the general manager of the Ministry of Industry. He was once responsible for raising horses. Later, his duties became increasingly blurred. Liu Bei decided to transfer all the powers of the servant to the Ministry of Industry, and he was the only servant left.
Naturally, the powers held by Tingwei were merged into the Ministry of Law by Liu Bei, and all subordinate officials were abolished, leaving only him.
As for the position of Da Honglu, Liu Bei decided to retain it.
The Ministry of Rites has some of the powers of Dahonglu, but Dahonglu is also specifically responsible for external affairs. Especially now, Dong Zhuo is in charge of this Dahonglu, which is responsible for expanding into the Western Regions. It is an important national policy for the future of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, Liu Bei planned to use Dahonglu as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, transferring its internal powers to the Ministry of Rites, and retaining its external powers to Dahonglu.
Needless to say, Zongzheng is also retained. This is a management position specifically for the royal family, royal family, and Han clan clan. Liu Bei plans to carry out a wave of operations on the Han clan clan groups after this. Zongzheng is a very important position, and his authority will be given to him. reserve.
It is even simpler for Da Si Nong. All functions and powers are merged into the Ministry of Household Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture, and all subordinate officials are abolished, leaving only him.
In addition, because the Shaofu controlled the emperor's personal purse, it played an important role in special times, so Liu Bei decided to retain the Shaofu and manage his own money bag.
Moreover, in the new era, Liu Bei decided to hand over the management authority of eunuchs, palace maids, and the central kitchen to the Shaofu, making the Shaofu a serious royal steward, managing all daily life affairs within the palace.
However, when it comes to specific operations involving the inner palace, the young master needs to ask the queen for instructions and can only operate after obtaining the queen's permission.
Therefore, among the three ministers and nine ministers of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, only Dahonglu, Zongzheng and Shaofu retained their powers and still exercised some or all of their powers. The remaining nine positions were only left to themselves, without any subordinate officials or powers. They were purely It is an honor and a mascot.
Of course, salaries and benefits are provided, and it is an honorable position that only takes money but does not do anything. It is specially used to support old officials in their retirement years. For some people who have no ambitions and just want to live and die, it is very meaningful.
In addition, when Liu Bei was in power as a general, there were also some other department positions that played a major role.
For example, Zhi Jinwu, who once held an honorable position and later became the captain of the fire-fighting brigade, was given the authority of a military court judge by Liu Bei, who specialized in managing the military law enforcement and interpretation of the military law. Liu Bei decided to retain this position.
The military's military regulations and disciplines not only need to be controlled within the military, but it is also necessary to set up an external military court to deter them. More deeply, the establishment of military courts can effectively prevent the civilian government from interfering in the internal affairs of the military.
Liu Bei didn't want a group of civilian officials with no war experience to put their hands into the army and mess around. That would only cause the army's combat effectiveness to drop rapidly.
In addition, Sili Xiaowei, the highest supervisory official in the Sili region, in Liu Bei's view, has no great significance in the new era.
It turned out that Tingwei, Sili Xiaowei and Yushi Dafu became the three important judicial officers of the Han Dynasty. The significance of the existence of Sili Xiaowei was also related to the tendency of separation of local counties and states in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the special status of Sanhe and Sanfu areas. .
In the Third Han Empire led by Liu Bei, he has decided to settle the Sili area as a formal administrative region. He will promote regional equality policies nationwide and focus on eliminating official discrimination between regions.
Therefore, the special existence of Sili Xiaowei in this special period is meaningless in Liu Bei's blueprint.
The Sili area will officially become a local administrative district, and the Sili area will also have a special chief executive. Therefore, the Sili school captain can be abolished, but the authority of the Sili school captain and the 1,500 skilled Zhongdu officials and apprentices It can't just disappear.
They will all be merged into the Yushitai and become part of the Yushitai.
In the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, among the eight departments, the Ministry of Law, the Yushitai and the newly established Zhongshutai will become the new Three Law Departments of the Han Dynasty - the Ministry of Law is responsible for justice, the Yushitai is responsible for supervision, and the Zhongshutai is responsible for law enforcement.
The vital legislative power is executed by the joint meeting of the emperor and the three judicial departments, in which the emperor cannot be absent.
In addition, Liu Bei abolished the General's Office and the General's Office.
He didn't like the unspoken rule of dual monarchs, so in the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, he mainly wanted to combat this unspoken rule. The first thing he took action was the palace of the three princes and the general palace of the two generals.
In this way, the five central-level government offices, including the Sangong Mansion, the Grand General Mansion, and the Hussars General Mansion, which could legally recruit national officials and build their own political networks, were all abolished, and their entire significance was merged into the eight-ministry system. middle.
It's not the time yet. After the situation is completely settled, Liu Bei will announce that it is no longer possible for high-ranking officials to open their own houses.
He would even restrict the power of state governors and county governors to open government offices, and make adjustments to a certain extent, so that the hidden rules of dual monarchs had no market in the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty and gradually died out.
Finally, because Liu Bei inherited the fine tradition of the Second Han Dynasty - not to appoint a prime minister, but directly in charge of the eight ministries as the emperor, this will put the emperor under great pressure.
Therefore, Liu Bei decided to reorganize the Secretariat, absorbing some of the officials who had joined the general's office, and transform the Secretariat into a cabinet, making it the emperor's personal secretarial department, assisting the emperor in handling daily government affairs, and becoming an important place for the emperor to train young and close ministers. .
As a result, the reform of the central power structure of the Third Han Empire was completed according to Liu Bei's blueprint.
Although the Sangong and Jiuqing system still exists, it has actually become history. The central government regards the emperor as the highest authority, and under the emperor, the eight departments of Li, Hu, Li, Military, Law, Industry, and Agriculture are directly subordinate to him.
The Ministry of Personnel is responsible for the assessment, selection, promotion and demotion of officials, etc.
The Ministry of Household Affairs is responsible for national population and financial affairs.
The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for land and agricultural affairs nationwide.
The Ministry of Rites is responsible for national etiquette planning and sacrificial affairs.
The Ministry of Education is responsible for national education affairs.
The Military Department is responsible for military logistics management affairs.
The Ministry of Law is responsible for enforcing the Han Code and exercising judicial power.
The Ministry of Industry is responsible for construction engineering affairs nationwide.
In addition to the eight ministries, there are also other permanent central departments.
Yushitai, responsible for supervising officials.
Zhongshutai is responsible for the management and daily law enforcement of national troops across the country.
Da Honglu, responsible for foreign affairs.
Zhijinwu was in charge of military courts and was responsible for military justice.
Zongzheng is responsible for the management of affairs of the royal family, royal family, and Han clan clan.
The Shaofu is responsible for the management of the emperor's personal purse, palace servants, and central kitchen.
The Cabinet, the emperor's personal secretarial department, assisted the emperor in handling government affairs.
At this point, the administrative and judicial aspects were completed by Liu Bei. The next work of the Luoyang court was to re-establish the central system according to Liu Bei's requirements.
(End of chapter)
