Su Yonglin's national public holiday rest plan is very complete.
This plan involves nine festivals, including New Year's Day, Shangyuan Festival, Spring Plowing Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, and Founding Day. The imperial court will give public holidays to people across the country during these nine festivals.
Among them, New Year's Day merges with New Year's Eve, giving a total of seven days off.
Give one day off during the Lantern Festival.
There are three days off during the Spring Plowing Festival.
Qingming Festival combines with Cold Food Festival to give three days off.
Three days off for the Dragon Boat Festival.
Give me a day off during the Chinese Valentine's Day.
We have three days off during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
There are three days off on the Double Ninth Festival.
There are seven days off on National Day.
That is to say, a total of 31 public holidays are given to people across the country in a year who must rest.
Su Yonglin believes that these festivals have profound historical traditions and humanistic care, and have a very wide coverage across the country. It is important for people across the country to understand these festivals, rest during the festivals, and participate in various festival activities. Something very meaningful.
Among the nine public holidays, only the Founding Day is a holiday established by Su Yonglin himself. It is scheduled from the first to the seventh day of October every year. In addition to resting during the festival, officials will also hold public activities to commemorate the founding heroes and other activities.
Among a series of supporting measures, Su Yonglin proposed some very important holiday auxiliary measures to help these holidays run better and people have a better rest.
The principle of taking two rests in ten days is mainly realized by shift adjustment. Because there are no traditional meanings and cultural bonuses, it is not difficult to decide when to take a rest.
Regardless of whether it is a factory or a collective farm, everyone takes turns to rest. As long as they ensure two days of rest out of ten days, it will be fine. As long as there are enough manpower, things will not be delayed.
Public holidays not only require rest, but also include humanistic care. However, at the same time, some necessary departments also need to maintain operations and cannot be left unattended.
So Su Yonglin set up a public holiday duty system.
Under this system, any organization that employs people across the country must provide holiday duty subsidies of three times the daily income of those on duty, and must implement the principle of officials taking the lead in taking turns on duty during major holiday activities.
Holiday duty plans for special departments in the imperial court, revival societies, factories, collective farms, and other organizations need to be drawn up in advance and made public. The duty plans must be strictly followed, and no extraneous matters must occur.
Su Yonglin also suggested that all the suggestions he mentioned above should be incorporated into the labor bill that was passed at the last congress, complete the legislation, and implement these changes through legislation to fully protect the interests of workers and give the people adequate rest.
In addition, Su Yonglin also mentioned the matter of retirement. Like the public holiday system, the retirement system must be implemented in every organization and every citizen.
Su Yonglin believes that retirement is a benefit that every citizen should enjoy. It is a reward for citizens who have worked all their lives and contributed to the country as they grow older. It is an important manifestation of humanistic care and a reflection of the basic humanitarian spirit of a country. .
After all, no one would think that a man of seventy or eighty years old could continue to work in the fields to produce food.
Regarding the retirement system, Su Yonglin referred to the retirement system of Song Dynasty.
Civil servants in the Song Dynasty had to reach official service when they reached seventy years old, while military ministers could extend their service by ten years. This shows that the favorable living environment and medical standards greatly improved the average life span of the ruling class in the Song Dynasty.
In contrast, the low average life expectancy of the majority of civilians remains as miserable as ever.
Three years after the Ming Dynasty completely pacified the north, Su Yonglin made a comprehensive survey of the national population data and arranged the first census of the Ming Dynasty. The population that year was about 80 million.
In addition to these data, Su Yonglin was also interested in the life span of the population, so he specifically asked the Ministry of Civil Affairs to do this when arranging work.
However, in this era, except for the scholar-bureaucrats with names, surnames and status, ordinary people have little idea of their own age, and they have little idea of the age of their deceased relatives. With a population of 80 million, the final age data obtained is only more than 90 years old. Ten thousand.
Nearly half of them died in wars rather than natural causes.
Then based on some calculations, it was concluded that from the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Jin Dynasty, the average life span of the scholar-bureaucrat class in the northern region was more than sixty years old, while the average life span of ordinary people was about forty-three years old.
Of course this is an average figure.
According to statistics from different regions, the average life expectancy of civilians in some areas is as high as over fifty years old, in some areas it is even less than forty years old, and the lowest is only thirty-three years old. This is obviously inseparable from the regional economic development.
There is a large gap in life expectancy in agricultural areas compared with urban areas, which may be related to the relatively superior medical conditions in urban areas.
The scholar-bureaucrat class is the same as always. No matter which region they live in, the average life span does not fluctuate much, and is generally over sixty years old.
Because there were not enough samples, there were many constraints in policy formulation, and Su Yonglin paid more attention to this in the coming years.
In the following years, the Ming Dynasty popularized age calculation methods, popularized medical care, popularized education and other policies for the national population. By the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the average life expectancy of the national population had reached 53 years.
Just last year, the latest data showed that the average life span of the national population reached 57 years, and the differences between the average life spans of the population of different classes and regions have been greatly improved compared to the Song and Jin Dynasties, and have become more balanced. .
Therefore, at this year's meeting, Su Yonglin decided to formulate a retirement system applicable to the whole country to protect the rights of people engaged in public service, agriculture, industry and commerce, etc.
He initially proposed setting the retirement age for civilian officials at sixty and for military officials at fifty-five.
The retirement age for farmers and factory workers within collective farms is set at fifty, and for workers in special industries such as mining workers, it is set at forty-five.
This is a general arrangement. In addition to this arrangement, Su Yonglin also set up some supporting measures, such as the accumulation of working hours.
In addition, Su Yonglin also initially proposed the concept of pensions at the national level, believing that the executive committee and the people's congress can discuss pensions.
Su Yonglin believes that in the past years, although the feudal dynasty promoted the concept of respecting the elderly and respecting the elderly, they were essentially kings with strong words and only paid lip service to them.
In reality, they have never given real preferential treatment to the elderly, and only court officials are often the ones who receive pensions.
The tradition of caring for the elderly can only be formed spontaneously among the people. The tradition of raising children to provide for the elderly has gradually taken shape over the long years. However, once a white-haired person sends a black-haired person to someone else, the old man's fate will be very tragic. .
(End of chapter)
