Brothers and sisters, I made common sense mistakes on the issue of government soldiers: First, I said before that the military government of government soldiers is divided into three grades: upper, middle and lower. In fact, in addition to these three grades, there is a special grade above.
The second reason is that after undercounting the special ranks, the military command forces were also confused. Previously, it was said that the upper military command command was 1,500 troops, the middle command command was 1,200 troops, and the lower military command command was 800. However, in fact, the special military command commanded 1,500 troops, divided into 5 regiments, each regiment having 300 men; the upper class 1,200 men, divided into 6 regiments, 200 men each; the middle class 1,000 men, divided into 5 regiments, 200 men each; the lower class 800 people, divided into 4 groups, each group has 200 people.
In other words, at the regiment level, the special military government has 100 more people than the following three types. The combat units below the regiment level are all 100 people per brigade, 50 people per team, 10 people per fire, and 5 people per corps.
In addition to military training, the soldiers of the government must also know flags and sing military songs. The three are all required assessment items; and the military mansions where the soldiers of each region are located are divided into twelve guards (the four governments are not in charge of the soldiers). , East Palace ten rate/six rate split palm. When they went on duty in the capital (called "Shangfan" in ancient times), they all lived in the military camps of the Twelve Guards and the Tenth Guards/Sixth Guards of the East Palace to which they belonged.
During the "Previous Period", in order to test the combat effectiveness of the government soldiers and the ability of the military generals to command troops, the imperial court asked them to conduct military exercises in unfamiliar environments. The opposing sides are each composed of one or several military offices. The specific matters of military exercises are taken care of by the Twelve Guards, with assistance from the Ministry of War.
In addition, the emperor would also visit military camps one by one, give speeches, instill loyalty and patriotism, explain tactics, etc. Even if the emperor cannot go or teach, he will let the prince, prince, and close confidants go on his behalf. Therefore, the headquarters of the Twelve Guards and the East Palace Ten/Sixth Army were still the top military academies at the time.
Although the "military academy" curriculum was far less complete and scientific than it is now, it was in line with the needs of the time; considering the background of that era, it was already very advanced and complete. The generals of the Twelve Guards shoulder the responsibilities of principals and teachers; the commanders of the Twelve Guards and Zhu Cao are civilian personnel such as directors and logistics managers.
As for many protagonists in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, once they suggested setting up a military academy, the emperor would be very excited, and famous ministers and generals would be excited and loudly agree. This has nothing to do with the grade of the emperor and famous ministers and generals. In fact, it is...
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The period when the combat effectiveness of the government troops was at its peak was in the early days of the Great Cause, not the Tang Dynasty. This is not my praise of the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, but the argument of historians. The reasons for this are: 1. The population in the early and middle stages of the Sui Dynasty was larger than that of the Tang Dynasty. If the Sui Dynasty was one in a hundred, the Tang Dynasty might be only one in ten. The gap between the survival of the fittest and the survival of the fittest was large, and the combat effectiveness of the soldiers naturally appeared.
2. The government army system and the land equalization system are closely related. Both of them were formally formed in the Sui Dynasty. Before the middle period of the Daye period, after the court distributed land to each household (equal land), land was also rewarded for military merit, and the promised rewards were basically in place; after that, aristocratic families The clans took advantage of the chaos in the late Sui Dynasty to annex a large amount of fertile land; the remaining fertile land was given to the founding heroes and Xuanwumen coup officials successively by Li Yuan and Li Shimin. This led to the chaos of the land equalization system, and the court had no fertile land for the people and the emperor. Soldiers, as a result, their promises were often broken and all they were given were barren mountains with no development value. The soldiers' fighting will and loyalty also plummeted as a result.
3. In the Sui Dynasty, the soldiers had just divided the land among households (equal land), and the phenomenon of land annexation had not yet begun. Therefore, the soldiers had surplus food in their families and were generally in good health. Although the equal land system was maintained in the early Tang Dynasty, the culture of buying, selling and seizing land had already It is prevalent in the world, and many soldiers who have lost their fields do not have enough to eat or wear warm clothes, so this also affects the soldiers' physical fitness, will, and loyalty.
4. The government army system is in the early stage of the great cause and is about to be customized. Although the overall system is not as mature as the Tang Dynasty, it is immature, but it means that it is very flexible when deploying troops to fight, and the generals have a lot of room to operate. Although the Tang Dynasty matured, the myriad of frameworks made the operation and deployment of the military government very rigid, and the procedures for troop deployment were countless times more cumbersome than those of the Sui Dynasty.
The most typical example is that after the government army system matured, the Tang Dynasty not only wanted to use government troops, but was also afraid that the generals of the Twelve Guards would lead the military offices under their control to rebel, so they disrupted the military offices under the jurisdiction of each guard. Let's use the current division as an analogy: For example, if Guard A is responsible for 34 military offices, then these 34 military offices must be in one province/city each; the same is true for Guard B. AB is not under each other's control, and no one can control anyone else's military affairs. If the imperial court allows Guard A to fight in the north, even if a military headquarters of Guard B is next to the battlefield, it cannot move or go to the battlefield. Otherwise, it will be punished as a rebellion. So what should guard A do? Perhaps we can only mobilize our own military and military troops in the two provinces and two provinces.
The A-guard soldiers came from afar, and their combat effectiveness can be imagined.
(Policy does not allow Guard A to transfer Guard B soldiers to participate in the battle, but Guard B soldiers who are close to the battlefield should participate in the battle in their personal capacity. After all, their families are behind them.)
5. After the government army system matured, the imperial court formulated strict military laws to prevent the government soldiers from rebelling, and carried out large-scale involvement in various military governments. "Tang Huiyao" says that soldiers during the Zhenguan period "broke their own limbs and called them blessed hands and feet to avoid conscription." During the period of Wu Zetian, "Yehou Family Biography" said, "At that time, Guandong was rich and prosperous, and people were especially angry, which was a shame. Even if there were people who could iron their hands to avoid the soldiers of the government, those who were above were poor and hired. It was because the soldiers of the government began to weaken. That’s it.”
Under this kind of military law, soldiers have become like this in order to avoid military service or become non-soldiers. What is the combat effectiveness of the mature soldiers?
Seeing this, everyone should understand that the gap in the combat effectiveness of the government troops is mainly caused by the system. The main reason why these phenomena did not occur in the Sui Dynasty was that they were short-lived and died before they could appear. If Guo Zuo can continue, it is estimated that the same will be true.
There are many other arguments, so I won’t explain them one by one.
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If anyone wants to understand the whole story of Fu Bing, it is recommended to read "Explanation of Fu Bing System" written by historian Gu Jiguang. However, "Explanation of the Fubing System" seems to have been written by Mr. Gu in the 1940s and 1950s. It was revised many times and for many years, and was not published until 1962. Therefore, although this book is highly academic and rigorous, its sentences are half-written and half-written, making it relatively obscure.
I bought the traditional Chinese version printed in 1978, and I fell asleep as soon as I read it.
If anyone wants to buy it, don’t buy the Traditional Chinese version; if you have insomnia, the Traditional Chinese version is definitely a must-have medicine!
