Yang Ji's butterfly flapped its wings a few times, but it caused an uproar in the Sui Dynasty. In the spring of the first year of Daye, Emperor Yang Guangma made a drastic reorganization of the central administrative organization of the Sui Dynasty. First, he changed the inner court's service organization Neishi Sheng to Changqiu Jian. This not only nominally distinguished it from the subordinates, internal history, and ministers who handled state affairs, but also Reasonably lower the official ranks of chief officials such as Chang Qiu Jian. Then, the duties of the Secretary Province were clarified, and they were specifically in charge of books and correction of illustrations. They could participate in discussions on the evolution of the system and the importance of etiquette in the government, but they did not participate in the discussion of political power in ordinary times. In other words, the Secretary-General, who had been on par with the three provinces, The Secretariat Department will fade out of people's sight and become an idle official office.
At the same time, the eleven temples during the late emperor's period were changed to nine temples and five eunuchs. In terms of rank, these nine temples and five eunuchs were basically at the same level as the six ministers of the province. They had no affiliation with the six ministers, but their powers overlapped greatly with the six ministers. , there is actual division of labor and restriction relationships. The six ministries are in charge of political orders, and the five supervisors of the nine temples are responsible for specific affairs in certain aspects.
The reason why Yang Guang did this was to repeat the abolition of official offices in the central center in an attempt to cut redundant officials and improve work efficiency. But the existence of the Nine Temples and Five Prisons is to help the three provinces and six ministries better handle national affairs. This is simply because most of the three provinces and six ministries can only handle internal, central and some urgent matters, and can only handle them roughly, while some non-urgent matters and some matters that require detailed handling are handled by exclusive agencies such as the Nine Temples and Five Supervisors.
On the other hand, despite the need for decentralization and checks and balances, the Three Provinces and Six Ministries itself reflected the king's awareness of decentralization, while the Nine Temples and Five Supervisors further divided the power of the three provinces and six ministries, thereby strengthening centralization and consolidating the rule of the Sui Dynasty. .
The most important thing is that the existence of the Nine Temples and the Five Supervisors is reasonable, because they are all highly professional departments. For example, the Guozijian specializes in controlling official studies; for example, the Capital Water Supervisor controls rivers, canals, and Jinliang. , embankments, water control and other matters; for example, the Shaofujian, which is in charge of all technical matters of the Sui Dynasty and is responsible for various research and development. As long as it is formally established and the best craftsmen are included in it, this department will definitely become the Sui Dynasty. The most powerful scientific and technological research and development department in the dynasty... Therefore, in order to better serve and handle related government affairs, it is indeed necessary to separate it separately. Now that Yang Guang has made it clear, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of incidents such as laymen commanding experts. At the same time, It is also more specialized, professional and standardized in scale.
In military terms, Yang Guang added the Twelve Guards Prefecture to the Twelve Guards and Four Prefectures, collectively known as the Sixteenth Guards. The twelve guards are the left and right Yi guards (formerly the left and right guards), the left and right Xiao (cavalry) guards, the left and right Wuwei (formerly the left and right Wuweifu), the left and right Tun guards (the original left and right military guards), and the left and right wai guards (formerly the left and right Wuweifu). The four palaces are the left and right guards (the newly established ones); the four palaces are the left and right guards (formerly the left and right leaders and left and right mansions) and the left and right prison gates. The Twelve Guards unified the national army and guarded the capital. They were in the middle and outside, guarding the capital. They were a combination of the imperial army and the imperial army. The four palaces did not unified the imperial army. The left and right Bishen palaces were responsible for guarding the emperor. The left and right prison gate palaces were responsible for palace access control. .
In normal times, any one of Yang Guang's series of reforms would definitely arouse heated discussions between the government and the public. However, at this time, the combined power is not as powerful as the parliament he founded.
The meeting hall is located between the emperor and the three provinces. It is composed of nine high-ranking and prestigious ministers. These nine people are Ande Wang Yang Xiong, his disciple Nayan Yang Da, Shangshu Ling Yang Su, and Taichang Temple Minister Gao Jiong. , Internal History Ling Xiao Cong, Shangshu Right Servant She Su Wei, Huangmen Minister Pei Ju, Ministry of Civil Affairs Minister Cui Zhongfang, and Dali Temple Minister Sun Chi. These nine people are the emperor's right-hand men and representatives of the major forces in the Sui Dynasty. , a big shot who can only call himself prime minister.
Yang Ji didn't know how long this big change would last, but he knew that this change would cause a lot of trouble in the capital. However, he was a local official, and all these had nothing to do with him. Anyway, his affairs in the capital were over, so there was no need. Entering this political whirlpool, after the martial arts examination, Yang Ji wisely and decisively avoided Daxing City and went straight to Zhangye, Ganzhou based on the view that doing more is worse than doing less.
In March of Yangchun, Yang Ji returned to Zhangye, Ganzhou, where he had been away for several months. In addition to the massive palace guards and transportation teams, there were also 170 junior officials who had just entered the imperial service.
These more than a hundred petty officials were young talents recommended to the imperial court by various states. They all passed the aristocratic imperial examination. The children of officials with connections have all entered the officialdom through family connections. The remaining people who did well in the exam but had no connections were all They all became reserve officials of the Ministry of Personnel. While they were studying in the Imperial College, they were waiting for arrangements from the court.
Before leaving this time, Yang Ji asked Yang Guang for talents, and said that Liangzhou needed talented people with no background, and Yang Guang originally planned to build Liangzhou into a pure land without the infiltration of powerful families, so Yang Ji's ideas coincided with his, and he ordered the officials to hand over all these poor scholars and ordinary children of aristocratic families who were wasting their years in the Imperial College to Yang Ji.
Representatives of the major forces in the DPRK and China don't have much opinion on this. On the one hand, Liangzhou is surrounded by enemies on three sides and the conditions are difficult. Not only is it far away from relatives, but there is also the danger of war. Only these young and energetic people who have no chance of becoming an official are the only ones. People are willing to come; on the other hand, Liangzhou has been managed by Yang Ji as a forbidden area for the aristocratic families. If it is not a forced order, no one is willing to send their own children here, lest they be punished by Yang Ji in a "picking a bone" way.
Of course, the most critical thing is that there are too many vacancies in Bingzhou to compete for, which makes the tasteless Liangzhou not very attractive to aristocratic families. In addition to the previous two factors, everyone has no objection to Yang Guang's arrangement.
Among the 170 accompanying minor officials, there was one person who attracted special attention from Yang Ji. This person was Du Ruhui, a descendant of the Du family in Jingzhao. He was highly praised by Gao Xiaoji, the Minister of Civil Affairs, who said that he was talented, decisive and pragmatic. He has the talent of a prime minister. Du Ruhui was ordered to join the military for Liangzhou and officially became a minor official under Yang Ji.
Except for Du Ruhui and other thirty people who entered the Prefectural Mufu as officials, the rest are mainly new officials from Shanshan, Qiemo, Xizhou, and Tingzhou. They will be trained in Zhangye for a month to become familiar with the Liangzhou system. Scattered to various places, if they are not qualified for the position of local officials, they can also enter the education system of Liangzhou and become a doctor of three majors (teacher) who teaches and educates people.
Although the march along the way was difficult, these young people who were energetic, energetic and ambitious were in high spirits and full of expectations for their future. Along the way, they saw many beautiful mountains and rivers, but none of them were as impressive as the newly built Chidao.
The saying "all roads lead to Rome" is the same when applied to Ganzhou. As one of the important hubs of the Silk Road, Ganzhou has very convenient transportation. After Yang Ji defeated Bujia Khan, the Liangzhou Governor's Office followed The imperial court ordered the direction of the "Daxing-Xizhou/Tingzhou" Chi Road. After several years of emergency construction, the "Huizhou-Ganzhou" section has been completed and is now heading west from Fulu County, Ganzhou. The extension of Guazhou.
If it reaches Xizhou and builds the two branch lines "Guazhou Tingzhou" and "Yizhou Tingzhou", the Sui Dynasty will have the most convenient strategic channel to march westward.
When they arrived at the outskirts of Zhangye City, everyone was shocked by the majestic city rising from the ground with just one glance.
Looking from a distance, one can see many flags standing on the tall city wall, with green smoke curling up inside the city wall, and a pointed horned algae roof guarding the tall and heavy city gate.
Du Ruhui was slender and handsome. He was dressed in a moon-white robe, a soft-legged turban on his head, and a sword hanging from his waist. He looked gentle, elegant, and extraordinary. When he first came to Zhangye City, he almost thought he had returned to Daxing City. Everything here is so similar to Daxing City. The layout of the city is similar to that of Daxing. It has the same horizontal and vertical streets, the same squares, lanes, and curves cut into squares by the walls, and the same locust trees planted beside the streets. , elm, willow.
Going deeper into it, Du Ruhui discovered the difference between Zhangye and Daxing. The roads here are all paved with "slates" similar to stone slabs. The drainage ditches are wider and deeper, and they are also open ditches for dredging. Therefore, high stone bridges are required at every important intersection. However, although the city is large, when the marching team entered the city from the east gate, he found that Zhangye New City was far less prosperous than Daxing, and always gave people a feeling of sparsely populated, lonely and lonely.
When they were halfway through the main side street, they rushed to the Prefectural Shepherd's Mansion, which faced north and south.
Close!
The sparsely populated loneliness was swept away. The center of the city had a completely different feel from the places we had passed before, and it was also very different from the streets we passed on the road.
The center of the city has a special concentric circle structure, which is also the commercial and economic center of Zhangye City; the "outer circle" is connected by many buildings, and both inside and outside are lined with musical instrument stores, bookstores, jewelry stores, silk stores, wine shops, and porridge stores. The center of the cake shop is where the City Department is located, with eight passages left between the two for pedestrians to pass through.
It's almost Yin time, and the streets of "Waiyuan" are bustling with people coming and going.
There are not only Han people on the streets, but also Qiang people, Turks, Tiele people, Tocharians and Sogdians, and even Persian Hus, Fan monks, Taoists, etc. It feels like the whole world has been condensed into this In the 'small' circle.
Du Ruhui has been to Luoyang, Taiyuan, Jiangdu, Xiangyang and other important towns, but this was the first time he came to Zhangye New City. Seeing such a scene, he couldn't help but whisper: "Is this Zhangye New City? I'm afraid it's not as good as Taiyuan City, right?" "
Yang Ji said with a smile: "Taiyuan is the logistics center for our defense and march to the north during the Sui Dynasty, while Zhangye is our rear area for the west during the Sui Dynasty, so the two cities are the same in size. It's just that Zhangye is a renovated old city. Although the city is new, its population is far inferior to Taiyuan City in all aspects."
Du Ruhui was a member of the Liangzhou Prefectural Mufu. During the march, he was at the core of the marching team. This treatment was completely different from other minor officials. Although he is only twenty years old this year, he is very knowledgeable and can tell many historical allusions to any ancient place he visits.
But I don't know if it was because he was an official for the first time or because of his temperament, so when he got along with Yang Ji and others, he seemed a bit taciturn and out of place, giving people a very unsociable feeling.
Yang Ji also saw this, but he didn't want to say anything more, because he knew that after Du Ruhui took office, he would feel the taste of Yang Shidao, and there would be official affairs that he couldn't handle day and night.
When it comes to that, Du Ruhui, a newbie, must communicate with his colleagues many times in order to handle the official duties at hand. It won't take long for him to be integrated into this vibrant and dynamic team due to official duties and government affairs.
Du Ruhui listened to Yang Ji's words and asked: "Your Majesty, who do you think has more potential between Taiyuan and Zhangye?"
"Does this need to be said?" Yang Ji smiled: "Taiyuan only faces the Eastern Turks, while Zhangye faces and receives business travelers from the Western Regions, Western Turks, Persia and other places, so from the perspective of , In terms of development speed, I think Zhangye has more potential."
Before leaving, Du Ruhui also gained some knowledge about Liangzhou. He had a vague understanding of Zhangye New City. After hearing what Yang Ji said, he asked: "Your Majesty, I heard that all the expenses in Zhangye New City are It’s all borne by the Liangzhou Governor’s Office…well, the Prefectural Mufu’s Office, but I wonder where the manpower and money to build the new city will come from?”
In fact, what he wants to ask is, did you build this huge new city with your own money?
Yang Ji said: "In terms of manpower, part of the manpower is from Xinganzhou people who are working for relief, and some are slaves purchased from foreign countries by prisoners of war. In terms of money, part of it is allocated by the state pastoral government, and this part is mainly used for working. Relief, food and clothing for prisoners of war and slaves; part of it was raised from the private sector, and this part of the money was mainly exchanged for land."
Du Ruhui asked: "Selling the land?"
"It can also be said." Yang Ji explained: "Zhangye New City has a square outside and a circle inside. The land in the city center and nearby squares is the most valuable, and it is also the land that discerning businessmen want to fight for. Therefore, the official The land in the center was allocated to these people, and they had two things to do: first, after they obtained the land, they were obliged to build walls, repair streets, and dig drainage ditches; second, they were required to build on the land according to the official drawings. Because the buildings and shops have official unified planning, they give people a sense of unity. These houses and shops are all owned by them. Whether they run and live in them in the future or sell them to others, the official has no concern. As long as Both parties can go to the county government office to complete the formalities."
Du Ruhui suddenly nodded and said: "With the shrewdness of a businessman, it is not difficult to see the potential and charm of Zhangye. Although they invested money at this time, with the gradual expansion and prosperity of the Silk Road, the houses and shops in the center of the city will definitely make them a lot of money." Special profit."
"Exactly!" Yang Ji said with a smile: "Liangzhou's biggest advantage is its superior terrain connecting the east and west, so developing commerce and handicrafts is undoubtedly the best way out for Liangzhou. Next, I plan to set up a business department under Min Cao The agency regulates the foreign trade that was originally controlled by the family members, and the taxes that were originally collected by the states and counties are also uniformly levied by the merchant groups, so that when merchants circulate goods, they do not need to pay various taxes during transportation and customs clearance. Miscellaneous taxes, which not only reduce the burden on businessmen and the breeding of corrupt officials and road bullies, but also return all these tolls to the state."
Speaking of ancient economists, Guan Zhong is the first to be mentioned.
Qi State is located on the coast of the East China Sea, and its cultivated land area is not as large as that of other countries in the Central Plains. Coupled with severe salinization, Qi State has little hope for developing agriculture. Therefore, Guan Zhong adapted to local conditions and formulated the national policy of "trading trade and industry to benefit from fish and salt". Later, Qi was divided into 21 townships, of which six were specialized in industry and commerce. It is equivalent to turning one-third of Qi into a "special economic zone". Moreover, after he levied tariffs on imported materials, he no longer collected any money. As for exported materials that had paid transaction taxes, they no longer collected tariffs. This was almost the earliest duty-free zone.
It was precisely thanks to Guan Zhong's "reform and opening up" and the creation of a series of economic policies that the poor and weak Qi State became increasingly powerful and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.
However, after Guan Zhong, there was no such outstanding figure who was proficient in economics, and those who could govern the country with this skill were even rarer. Yang Ji believes that there are three main reasons for this: First, there are too few media for passing on knowledge and the scope of inheritance is too narrow. Guan Zhong’s valuable experience has been passed down to this day, and only a few words among the aristocratic families remain. However, due to the long age gap between Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong, There are no reference cases at the moment, so even if people from aristocratic families who have a collection of books read it, the shockingly concise words leave them confused and confused about what is happening.
Secondly, the ministers of the past dynasties came from aristocratic families. These people were of good background and did not worry about food and clothing. Their knowledge focused on Confucianism, Law, and Soldiers. After they became officials, they focused on maneuvering. When they reached the time when they could decide the fate of a country, There is no need to learn how to run a business.
Third, the economic approach runs counter to the ideological realm and political ideas advocated by Confucianism. It has always been regarded as a lowly art, so no one from aristocratic families studied it carefully. Even if someone inherits a part, they have no power to decide the fate of the country, and are even denounced as "heretics." The poor scholars just copied books to read, and they also copied Confucianism, Law, and Soldiers that could be used as officials, not the 'lowly' "Guanzi".
Economics itself does not have a complete systematic theory, and its audience is so narrow, and people's thoughts are restricted by Confucianism. How can we produce an economic master?
What Yang Ji has to do is prepare to follow Guan Zhong's example and build Liangzhou into a "free trade zone" that only collects tariffs and transaction taxes.
Although he has no control over other places, he knows that officials in various counties and checkpoints in Liangzhou have cleverly exploited Chinese and foreign businessmen with no background. Once the "Liangzhou Free Trade Zone" is established, they will be able to arrest those who fall into the trap of unscrupulous officials. All tolls and customs fees collected by Heluba will be nationalized. This will not only greatly increase Liangzhou's finances, but also encourage more businessmen with no background to come to Liangzhou to do business and live in Liangzhou, thereby promoting the overall development of Liangzhou's economy. .
"Your Majesty, are you planning to collect commercial taxes?" Du Ruhui asked keenly.
"Of course." Yang Ji snorted coldly and said: "We are all people of the Sui Dynasty. Farmers who farm fields have to pay taxes, those who run boats have to pay taxes, and those who herd animals have to pay taxes. Why don't those who do business pay? The reason is that they belong to aristocratic families. With the support of the nobles and nobles, seven out of ten of the profits from the world's commerce flow into the treasury of such people."
"I have no control over other places, but whoever wants to transport goods out of Liangzhou and to the Western Regions must obtain a foreign trade license issued by the state pastoral office. If anyone dares to refuse or be unruly, I will cancel their foreign trade operations. Right. Therefore, this foreign trade license is like a sharp knife hanging over the head of a merchant. Whoever has his license revoked will no longer have the right to foreign trade. No one can bear the loss of hundreds or thousands of times. And the family members , The merchants supported by the dignitaries are a wealthy and powerful group, and as long as this group of people stay safe, the rest will not matter."
Since Guan Zhong, commercial taxes have been coveted by rulers of all dynasties. However, even the Yantieguanying of the Han Dynasty did not really make the world's merchants pay taxes. The reason is that behind the world's great merchants are all aristocratic families and dignitaries. . If the imperial court wanted to collect commercial taxes, it would involve a male lion competing with countless big tigers for food. So these big tigers who had benefited from it would come up with rhetoric such as "competing with the people for profits" to incite the world, as if the imperial court only wanted to collect commercial taxes. , that would seem to be against the people of the world.
This kind of social problem is also a legal problem and an institutional problem, and it is caused by the emperor and the aristocratic family sharing the Han Dynasty. If the descendants of poor families flourish and the talents of the court are diversified and diversified, then the court's dependence on aristocratic families will be greatly reduced; as long as the court is not constrained by aristocratic families in terms of talents for governing the country, then some reforms can be carried out even in small-scale bloody conflicts. .
Yang Ji also knew that this was a long-term project. Without long-term persistence, the fundamental problem would not be solved at all. But as long as the seeds are planted today, they will eventually bear fruit one day.
As for the attitude of the family members, does Yang Ji still need to care?
of course not!
Since you've already been offended to death, what's the point of offending him again?
After hearing these words, Du Ruhui was immediately stunned by Yang Ji's ambition and ambition, and for a while he couldn't accept it. It’s also a bit unbelievable! Because Du Ruhui knew that Yang Ji was the biggest beneficiary of the Silk Road and foreign trade, if he really got such a foreign trade license, wouldn't he be the first to get it himself?
If we can really achieve that step, it will be a misfortune for the family and a great blessing for the world.
Looking at Yang Ji riding away, he had a vague intuition in his heart that he seemed to be on a pirate ship.
. . . . . . .
"Madam, we're almost home." Yang Ji rode his horse to a carriage that could run long distances and said. The outside of the carriage was full of unsightly and unsightly marks, which were the marks left by the drying and falling off of the mud splashed on it, but inside the carriage The inside is as clean as dust.
In the carriage, Xiao Ying, dressed in white, was talking to Liu Rumei, who was also unsullied. There was also Pei Shuying next to her. She had been staying at the palace since she ran away from home. When Yang Ji's family of three came to Ganzhou, she followed them closely on the pretext that they came to open a shop for business.
When Xiao Ying heard her husband say that she was almost home, she quickly opened the lattice window with gauze curtains from the inside and looked out. The long journey made her look haggard, but her spirit was very good, which made her look even more elegant and refined.
The first thing to catch her eye was Yang Ji, who was naturally smiling. Behind Yang Ji was a huge rockery standing in the middle of the square in front of the Zhou Mufu. She knew that it was a landmark building in Zhangye City, and to the north was the government office, and they In Zhangye's home, it is located in the first square east of the "concentric circles". You need to draw an arc to the southeast to reach the Xifang Gate.
Seeing this, Xiao Ying expected that her husband was going to the government office to meet with his subordinate Wen Wu. Otherwise, their team would go directly south from the street they passed before and go home through Dongfang Gate. She asked: "Want to ask, Mr. Lang?" Are you going to the government office?"
Yang Ji said helplessly: "I have been away for nearly half a year and I have left behind too many official duties. There must be many important things that I need to deal with! I am afraid that I will be very busy before I can go home today."
"As the shepherd of Liangzhou, your husband should take state affairs as your top priority." Xiao Ying focused her beautiful big eyes on her husband's face and advised him softly.
"State affairs, family affairs, world affairs, everything is of concern and everything is important." After Yang Ji finished speaking, he confessed a few words to Xue Ju who came to greet him, and then brought Song Zhengben, Wei Zheng, Ling Jing, Yuchi Gong and others, as well as More than a hundred petty officials went to the Prefecture Mufu.
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