Chapter 292 The Three Kingdoms of Korea
Just a piece of water can separate you from ten layers of fog. ----------Qing Huang Zunxian "The New Ugly Japanese"
It is said that Gongsun Zhi arrived in Xiangping as Gongsun Ji's envoy and summoned Gongsun Du to lead the army to attack Hongshan in western Liaoning. Gongsun Du and his son Gongsun Kang were as excited as if they saw a bloody lamb, intending to take advantage of Liu Yu's army to move south and capture Hongshan in one fell swoop. They even went straight to Youzhou to enter the prosperous area of the Central Plains.
Unexpectedly, among all the men under Gongsun Du, there was also Gongsun Mo who was cheating on others. He, Han Hao and Zhang Chang were generals of the Gongsun family at the same time, and Han Hao took the lead in leading troops into the Korean Peninsula and became the main force in Goguryeo after independence. Gongsun Mo leaked the news to Han Hao, who gathered a large number of troops and prepared to march north to Xiangping. Even if he could not capture Xiangping, he would at least occupy Gongsundu's seaport and open up a sea route from Goguryeo to Qingzhou.
Han Hao's secret was not kept secret and was discovered by Goguryeo's mortal enemies Baekje and Silla. Baekje was far away in the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula and had sea trade with Qingzhou. However, Gongsun Du sent people to rob the waterway from time to time. He also wanted to expand northward, destroy Silla and Goguryeo, and then attack Gongsun Du.
Baekje is a country established in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula by the Buyeo people who originally lived in northeastern China. The eight prominent families are: Sha, Yan, Huan, Xie, Zhen, Guo, Mu, and Bi. Shi. The ruling class of Baekje are Buyeo people, which are different from the Samhan people who are the lower class people. The Samhan people in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula are another ethnic group different from the Buyeo people. Baekje ruled in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula, bordering Goguryeo to the rear and Silla to the east. The capital city is Bacheng, also called Gumacheng. In addition, there are five other capitals, the one in the middle is called Gushaseong, the one in the east is called Deanseong, the one in the south is called Jiujixiaseong, the one in the west is called Daoxianseong, and the one in the north is called Ungjinseong.
Baekje was founded in the Daifang area in the late Eastern Han Dynasty by King Buyu and Wei Qiudai. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Baekje ruled the lower-level Mahan tribe, and those who founded Baekje were some of the Buyeo people from the Northeast. The Buyeo people formed the upper class after they invaded the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, while the Mahan, another ethnic group with a completely different language and culture, formed the lower class in the country.
According to official history, Baekje's territory at its peak included most of the western Korean Peninsula, as well as western Liaoning and northern Hebei in China. The northernmost territory once invaded Nooksan of Buyeo Kingdom. Baekje was also a maritime power, conducting political and trade relations with China and Japan via sea routes. Later, Baekje was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang Dynasty and Silla. In the three years after its demise, Baekje launched a vigorous revival movement, but it still ended in failure.
The ethnic groups that make up Baekje include the Buyeo people and the indigenous Koreans. The upper class is the Buyeo people. As the relationship between China and the Japanese deepened among the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje), Silla, Goguryeo, Japanese, and Chinese people were gradually absorbed.
Baekje has fertile land, a mild climate, superior water conservancy conditions, and relatively developed agriculture. Handicraft industries such as sericulture and textiles also developed. Foreign trade was relatively developed, not only with Goguryeo and Silla, but also with the Han Dynasty and primitive Japan across the sea. Baekje uses Chinese characters, and the king of Baekje wrote to the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty: Chen and Goryeo gave birth to Fuyu first. This directly denies that Baekje originated from Goguryeo.
During the reign of King Gur, the country's system was further consolidated. King Geumshogu expanded his territory to the north through the war with Goguryeo. During the war, the prince of Baekje, King Geumchosou, killed the King of Goguryeo (the original king of his home country) and at the same time wiped out the remaining Mahan tribe in the south, reaching Heyday.
The name Baekje first appeared in the "Three Kingdoms", which mentioned that there was a country in Mahan named Baekje, which was originally one of the many city-states in Mahan. However, according to the history of the Goryeo Dynasty, Baekje was founded by King Wen Zuo in 18 BC. He led a group of people from Goguryeo to the Han River Basin in central Korea. A descendant of the Dongming Dynasty, named Qiudae, led the way To establish his own country, Gongsun Du, the prefect of Liaodong in the Han Dynasty, married his daughter to him as his wife, but this aroused the jealousy of Silla in the middle.
If the people who founded the upper classes of Goguryeo and Silla were of Chinese descent, then Silla was of Korean descent, and their racial composition was different. Silla was originally founded by the Chenhan Park family. Later, Silla united with the Tang Dynasty to destroy Baekje and Goguryeo successively. After the Tang Dynasty-Silla War, Silla invaded the south of the Daedong River and occupied Han Lelang, Han Lelang, and Goguryeo that were originally owned by China. Take Fang to his hometown. At that time, the main force of the army was used in other areas. Later, Silla petitioned the Tang Dynasty and declared itself a vassal, and the Tang Dynasty no longer pursued the case. The area south of the Daedong River on the Korean Peninsula was unified and was called Unified Silla. Later, Silla was unified and split into the "Later Three Kingdoms", which were unified by Goryeo.
Silla's first name was Seo Rapha, also known as Silla Sero. It was founded by the most powerful Sero tribe in the Chenhan Alliance of the three Koreas. Its ruling area was first in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, and later expanded to the entire south of the Daedong River. region, the capital is Jincheng.
Before BC, the Silu tribe, with Gyeongju as the center, united six tribes to form a tribal alliance, and the chiefs were served by the Park, Xi and Jin clans. Later, the two surnames Park and Xi no longer served as leaders, and the throne was hereditary by the surname Jin. The royal power was gradually strengthened.
At the end of the fourth century AD, Silla was often harassed by Japanese troops. Goguryeo sent troops to help expel the Japanese troops and placed Silla under its own protection.
Under the design of the high-level Han people in Goguryeo, Silla began to implement the system of states, counties, and counties. Promulgated laws and regulations, determined the uniforms and colors of officials with distinctions of superiority and inferiority, implemented a strict status system, and further improved the national system. He successively unified the Bungaye tribe (also known as Geumgwan Gaye, today's Gimhae area) and Daegaye (now Gaolyeong area) Benhan Gaye tribe, and completely occupied the Nakdong River basin.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula is also very exciting. In order to get rid of the control of Goguryeo and compete with Goguryeo, Silla secretly formed an alliance with Baekje, sent troops to occupy the upper reaches of the Han River, and later occupied the lower reaches of the Han River in Baekje. Taking advantage of the situation, Silla moved north along the east coast and extended its power to the Liaodong Peninsula. Silla's expansion led to constant attacks from Goguryeo and Baekje. Silla was in a critical situation and called on the Tang Dynasty to send troops to intervene.
Silla was dominated by the emerging Korean nobles, who implemented a series of reforms, distributed large amounts of land and pastures to the emerging nobles, implemented fiefs, and later implemented the Roeup system and the Dingtian system. In the late Silla period, due to the competition for the throne among the royal families, wars were frequent, and the people were desperate and revolted one after another.
Later, Goguryeo and Baekje once again joined forces to invade Silla. The Tang Dynasty no longer "mediated" as before, but directly "sent the governor of Yingzhou Cheng Mingzhen and the left and right guard Zhonglang General Su Dingfang to attack Goguryeo" to protect the safety of Silla. .
When Baekje invaded the border of Silla, Silla claimed that "Baekje frequently invaded the border, so the king attacked it and sent envoys to Tang to beg for teachers." With the cooperation of Silla, the Tang Dynasty destroyed Baekje and then Goguryeo. After the fall of Baekje and Goguryeo, Silla unified the area south of the Datong River, and the area north of the Datong River until Liaodong came under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. At this point, the original Sanhan tribe area was completely unified into Silla, and slightly expanded in the northern boundary.
Silla occupies the Incheon Bay on the west coast, which facilitates direct flights to China. It successively communicated with the former Qin, Southern Qi, Liang, Northern Qi, Chen, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and vigorously absorbed Chinese culture. Use Chinese characters and create "Liduwen" with Chinese phonetic notation.
Silla established Chinese studies and read books such as "The Analects of Confucius" and "Book of Rites". There were many students from Silla, including monks, who studied in the Tang Dynasty, and many of them achieved academic success. Hui Chao's "Biography of the Five Tianzhu Kingdoms" and Cui Zhiyuan's "Guiyuan Biography" are both works that have been circulated in China for a long time. In the early days of Silla, there were tribesmen who "gave people grain and rice and were not satisfied with the payment, so they became slaves." The tribes in Silla were where forced prisoners of war and other prisoners of war concentrated to live and engage in special labor. The tribesmen were actually a kind of forced labor. Conquered tribal slaves.
In Silla, iron tools were widely used, cattle farming became popular, human sacrifice was prohibited, and production developed rapidly. The Red Pants Army once attacked the western part of the royal capital. Under this situation, Gong Yi, officer Zhen Xuan and others also joined the rebel army and seized leadership. Eventually they were unified into Goryeo.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula is also divided into parts and combined, which is very exciting. The Three Kingdoms era on the Korean Peninsula is different from the Three Kingdoms era in China. It was not formed by the division of one country, but by the different development of the three countries, and they were not unified into the same country in the end. Among them, the history of Goguryeo should belong to China.
Descendants of the Silla royal family included Goguryeo in Northeast China into the Korean history series, creating a so-called Three Kingdoms era. However, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla belong to different ethnic groups (the lower class of Baekje and Silla belong to the ancient Koreans and are not included in the category of the Chinese nation), and have different political natures. Goguryeo does not change its national identity or political power just because the capital is moved to Pyongyang. ——It still belongs to the category of the Chinese nation.
If we observe the history of East Asia in terms of the constituent elements of modern countries, then there was only one mature country in East Asia at that time, that is, ancient China. At this time, China used all of East Asia as its historical stage, freely demonstrated its cohesion, and developed in space to the limit of what it could bear. The history of East Asian civilization during this period was the history of Chinese civilization. After the Xiongnu Empire emerged on the Mongolian grasslands, China faced challenges from the north for the first time. The struggle between agrarian empires and nomadic empires that unfolded during the Han Dynasty affected much of East Asia. It was a major event that had a profound impact on Chinese history. The victory of the agricultural empire represented by the Han Dynasty finally made the Mongolian grassland an integral part of China and established the territorial pattern of ancient China.
Under the influence of China, other countries outside China began to appear during this period in remote areas where the control of the Han Dynasty was difficult to reach. With the end of the era when there was only China in East Asia, the new question of how East Asian countries get along has also been placed in front of the rulers of various countries, especially the rulers of China. The rulers of the Han Dynasty started from the traditional political concept that "the whole world is nothing but the king's land" and did not recognize the existence of countries with the same nature as their own in East Asia. They still continued to include all of East Asia, that is, the entire known world at that time. China’s efforts to rule as one.
However, in practice, the rulers of the Han Dynasty were also aware of the huge differences between various regions and ethnic groups in East Asia. Therefore, they gradually explored the establishment of some special local management systems to control special areas. Developing into the Tang Dynasty, the special local management system gradually formed a mature mechanism other than the county system in the Central Plains, and the Jisi system became a major feature of the management of border areas in the Tang Dynasty. Applying the method of Jisi rule, the Tang Dynasty brought most of East Asia under Chinese rule. Although we treat the independence and dignity of the Korean Peninsula with respect and goodwill, this is the historical reality.
Nowadays, the most distant oriole is also ready to move. Even the Japanese who were desperately trying to control the sea power at that time heard the news and had already dispatched a tentative fleet to intervene in the battle between the three countries on the Korean Peninsula. This situation was stirred up infinitely, and the butterfly effect appeared, which was already beyond the control of Longzhu. At this time, Longzhu was just waiting for Yuan Shao to withdraw his troops from Beihai after Gongsun Zan sent troops to Jizhou, so that he could visit Kong Beihai and take over Taishi Ci.
If you want to know what happens next, listen to the explanation next time.
