Chapter 181 Zhuge’s Sorrow
He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears. ---------"The Prime Minister of Shu" by Du Fu of Tang Dynasty
As he said this, Sima Yi's magnificent life gradually faded away in his mind. Chen Long finally put down the fearless little Sima and looked at the handsome and calm little Zhuge Liang beside him.
Thinking that the food in Shuijingxianzhuang was relatively light, little Zhuge Liang glanced at the dried meat in little Sima Yi's hand, pointed at Chen Long's arms and said: "This gentleman, since he has come all the way, he will not favor one over another." Bar?"
Chen Long laughed loudly and said: "How do you know that I am not favoring you but favoring others?" As he said this, he took out all the dried meat bags in his arms and shook them.
Zhuge Liang immediately said: "Sir, if you give them all to me, wouldn't you put me on the fire to roast me? I can be just like them." A seven or eight-year-old child is actually quite capable of being a general.
Chen Long naturally took out a piece of dried meat and handed it to Xiao Kongming. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has made Zhuge Kongming a myth. This beautiful myth has been passed down through the ages and has been worshiped for thousands of years. What is the real Zhuge Liang like? Can I be lucky enough to win his favor and train a cabinet minister and Prime Minister Zhuge who can govern the country well?
Put down a great leader of the Jin Dynasty and pick up a prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty. The highlights of Zhuge Liang's life once again appeared in Guang's mind, and the ending was disappointing.
Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou. Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher, and inventor. In his early years, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou. After Zhuge Xuan died, Zhuge Liang worked hard in Longzhong. Liu Xuande visited the thatched cottage three times and later assisted Liu Bei in establishing the Shu Han regime. Throughout his life, he boasted that he "dedicated himself to the cause of death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.
Zhuge Liang was born in an official's family in Yangdu County, Langye County in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181 AD). The Zhuge family was a prominent family in Langye. His ancestor Zhuge Feng had served as a Sili school captain during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty. , Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; when Zhuge Liang was three years old, his mother Zhang died of illness, and when he was eight years old, he lost his father. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang. Zhang took office, and the Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan had no choice but to defect to Jingzhou Liu Biao.
In the second year of Jian'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died, and Zhuge Liang started farming in Longzhong. He often recited "Liang Fu Yin" and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time looked down upon him, only Friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping believed in his talents.
Zhuge Liang had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and others who were famous in Xiangyang at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match yours." Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married Huang Yueying. People at that time used it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng." However, there is also a saying that Huang Yueying is extremely beautiful, so she is disliked by other young women in the village. He disparaged her appearance out of jealousy.
At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye. Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said: "Those Confucian scholars are all ignorant people. How can they understand the affairs and situation of the world? Only those who can understand the affairs and situation of the world are outstanding. At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Fengchu (Pang Tong) )." Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu again. Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would invite Liang to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "You can go see this man, but you can't make him come here. The general should deign to visit him." Liu Bei went to visit him personally. , I went there three times before meeting Zhuge Liang. After meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei asked others to avoid him and asked him: "Now the Han Dynasty is in decline, traitors are using the emperor's orders to do things, and the emperor has lost his power. I did not measure my own virtue and ability, and wanted to revive the world with great righteousness, but I lacked wisdom and strategy, so I often failed, until today. However, my ambition has not yet calmed down. Do you have any plans to help me? "
Zhuge Liang was still young, but he knew that the world was divided into three parts. Then he presented to Liu Bei the plan of dividing the world into three parts, and analyzed the situation in which Cao Cao was unavailable and Sun Quan could come to his aid. He also detailed the situation in which the governors of Jing and Yi states were weak and could take advantage of them, and only by owning these two states could he He can conquer the world; he also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains, which is known as "Longzhong Dui" in history. After hearing this, Liu Bei praised Zhuge Liang greatly and strongly invited Zhuge Liang to help, so Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain and entered the scene. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and their relationship became increasingly close. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish gets water. I hope you will stop talking." ""Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others did not dare to complain anymore. The "Longzhong Dui" proposed by Zhuge Liang became the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades.
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (AD 208), Liu Biao's wife Liu Qi's stepmother Cai made repeated slanders, and Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on how to stabilize himself, but Zhuge Liang refused every time. During a banquet, Liu Qi used the strategy of going up to the house to take out the ladder and asked Zhuge Liang to come up with a solution. Zhuge Liang then asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period? There is danger inside, but can Chong'er be safe outside?" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Soochow, and Liu Qi recommended him as the prefect of Jiangxia to protect himself outside. In August of the same year, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent envoys to surrender. After Liu Bei found out about it in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun at Changban in Dangyang and defeated Liu Jun.
Liu Bei was defeated and fled to Xiakou. Sun Quan had previously sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei that he seek help from Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang then recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist and became friends with Lu Su.
After arriving at Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices using a dichotomy: "If you can compete with the Central Plains countries with the military power of Wu and Yue, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible"; the other choice is to provoke the general. "If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military operations and surrender to the north!" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang, why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang then raised Liu Bei's status, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Liu Bei's determination to Sun Quan. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. He first said that the scattered troops from the army returned and Guan Yu's navy had ten thousand people. In addition, Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were no less than ten thousand. He then said that Cao's army was exhausted from afar. When chasing Liu Bei, he used Qingqi to attack Liu Bei. After traveling more than three hundred miles day and night, it was "the end of the strong crossbow, and the force could not penetrate Lu Zhen"; and the northerners were not used to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou were forced to obey Cao Cao, not convinced; in the end, it was definitely said that Cao Cao could be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy. Later, he was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to join forces with Liu to fight against Cao Cao. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others to lead 30,000 naval troops to go to war with Cao Cao.
Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army; in November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun and Liu's coalition forces in Chibi. Cao Cao's army suffered heavy losses. At this time, a plague broke out in Cao Cao's army, and Cao Cao had no choice but to lead his army back north.
After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei pacified the four counties of Jingnan in December of the 13th year of Jian'an. He appointed Zhuge Liang as military advisor Zhonglang General. He lived in Linxian and supervised the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha. He was responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching the military. Military resources.
In the 16th year of Jian'an (AD 211), Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Meng Da to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others guarded Jingzhou. By December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and also attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of the defense of Jingzhou, dividing his troops to pacify various counties, and together with Liu Bei besieged Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian'an, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.
From then on, whenever Liu Bei sent out troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang provided financial aid for Liu Bei. From then on, Zhuge ruled Shu and devoted his whole life to the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty.
In August of the second year of Zhangwu (AD 222), Liu Bei was defeated on his way to the Eastern Expedition to capture Jingzhou and retreated to Yong'an. Zhuge Liang sighed: "It's a pity that Fa Zheng has passed away, otherwise His Majesty's Eastern Expedition would have been stopped." By Zhang Wu In February of the third year (AD 223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral arrangements with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You will definitely be able to settle the country and eventually achieve great things." Important matter. If the heir (Liu Chan) can help, then help him; if he has no talent, you can take care of it on your own." Zhuge Liang said with tears: "I will do my best to repay my loyalty and integrity until my death!" Liu Bei also asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.
In April, Liu Bei passed away and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne. Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and opened a government office. Soon, Liu Chan took over the post of Yizhou Mu again. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all political matters, big and small, and was decided by Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Nanzhong region took the opportunity to rebel due to the death of Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Soochow to repair it.
In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (AD 225), Zhuge Liang led his army to the south. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden yue with a curved cover, one each for the front and rear feathers, and sixty men. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land to attack Yong Kai and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army and focused on attacking the enemy's mind. He first defeated Yong Kai's army, and then captured and manipulated Meng Huo seven times. In the autumn, all chaos was put down. The Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and obtained a large amount of resources, and formed a powerful force called the Wudang Flying Army. After long-term accumulation, we have the foundation for the Northern Expedition.
In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Zhuge Liang threatened to take the Xie Valley Road to capture Yi, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and then he led the army to attack Qishan. The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou rebelled against Wei and attached themselves to Shu, and Guanzhong was shaken. When Emperor Wei Ming went to Chang'an in the west, he ordered Zhang He to lead 50,000 people on foot and cavalry and break the horses in the street pavilion. At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost to Jigu. Zhuge Liang took more than a thousand families from Xi County back to Hanzhong. The first Northern Expedition failed.
In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of Wei's troops moving eastward and Guanzhong being weak, so he took advantage of the Northern Expedition and sent troops to disperse through Guanzhong to surround Chencang. However, Wei general Hao Zhao refused. Zhuge Liang failed to persuade him to surrender, and because he could no longer supply food and grass, he had to return to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to pursue him and was beheaded.
In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu and Yinping counties. Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, led his troops to rescue him. Zhuge led his troops to Jianwei. Guo Huai retreated and was defeated, and gained two counties.
In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (AD 230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three ways. Sima Yi went to Xicheng, Zhang He went to Ziwu Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Xie Valley. Zhuge Liang stationed his troops in Chenggu and Akasaka. It rained heavily for more than thirty days, and the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi to the west to enter the Qiangzhong, and defeated Wei Hou General Fei Yao and Yongzhou Governor Guo Huai at Yangxi.
In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang led his army to attack Qishan and began to transport it with wooden oxen. At that time, Cao Zhen was seriously ill, and Sima Yi, the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, refused to go out. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shanggui. Sima Yi pursued Liang to Lucheng and dug a camp to defend himself. He was ridiculed as "fearing Shu as much as fearing a tiger".
In May of the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban to defeat Sima Yi. The Han army gained 3,000 rank-level soldiers, 5,000 collars of mysterious armor, and 3,100 horn crossbows. Sima Yi then returned to the defense camp and stood firm without fighting.
In June, Li Yan called Zhuge Liang to return the army due to lack of food transportation. Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to Mumen, where he was shot to death by an arrow - this was his second departure from Qishan.
In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang led his army out of Xiegu Road, occupied Wuzhangyuan, and stationed fields in Weibin. He fought a decisive battle with Sima Yi in Weinan, and asked Wu to jointly send troops. During this period, Zhuge Liang not only sent envoys to declare war repeatedly, but also sent women to dress up to anger Sima Yi. However, Sima Yi endured the humiliation and refused to leave, and used the clever strategy of "asking for battle from thousands of miles away" to calm the general's anger.
Sima Yi once asked an envoy from the Shu Han Dynasty how much Zhuge Liang slept, ate and did, but did not inquire about the military situation. The envoy replied: "Zhuge Liang gets up early and goes to bed late. All punishments of more than twenty sticks are punished in person; he eats less than a few meals." Sheng." Sima Yi told people: "Zhuge Kongming eats little and has trouble with his affairs. How long can he live?"
Zhuge Liang divided his troops into farming and worked with the people of Wei to grow food to be self-sufficient. He planned to stay there for a long time, but Zhuge Liang became seriously ill due to overwork.
Liu Chan sent Minister Li Fu to greet him and inquire about national affairs. When Li Fu arrived, Zhuge Liang finished his conversation, said goodbye, and came back a few days later. Zhuge Liang said: "I know your intention of coming back. Although we have been talking all day recently, some things have not been explained yet, so I have come to hear the decision again. Jiang Wan is suitable for what you want to ask." Li Fu apologized and said: "I really didn't ask before. , if you think about who can take on the important task after this year, so he returned. I would like to ask again, who can take on the important task after Jiang Wan?" Zhuge Liang said: "Fei can succeed." And asked Fei Yi what will happen next? Zhuge Liang did not answer.
In August, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan at the age of fifty-four. Yang Yi and others led the army back, but Jiang Wei and others followed Zhuge Liang's will and did not announce the funeral secretly, and slowly retreated. Sima Yi led his army in pursuit and saw the Shu Han military commander flying his flag and Kong Ming sitting in the car with a feather fan and silk scarf. Sima Yi suspected that Kong Ming was using a trick to lure the enemy, so he quickly rode his horse to withdraw his troops. Hence the proverb "Dead Zhuge scares away Sheng Zhongda".
Of these six military campaigns, only two were sent out of Qishan; the fourth time was when the Wei army took the initiative to attack and the Shu army defended. Due to heavy rains for days, flash floods broke out and the plank roads were destroyed, so Shu and Wei did not fight.
After the army returned to Chengdu, Liu Chan posthumously named Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Zhongwu.
Zhuge Liang's last words ordered his subordinates to bury him at Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong and build a tomb according to the mountain. The tomb could only accommodate a coffin. Zhuge Liang once pointed out that he had no extra property, and this was the case until his death. Even before his death, he told him that he only needed to dig a hole for burial. It would be enough for the coffin to fit in, and he should wear ordinary clothes. No other burial objects are needed. The tomb of Marquis Wu is in Mian County, Dingjun Mountain.
Many places in the Shu Han Dynasty sent letters requesting the erection of a temple to Zhuge Liang. However, the court of the Shu Han Dynasty refused to accept this violation of etiquette, so the people privately offered sacrifices to Zhuge Liang on the roads during the festivals of the four seasons. Until the sixth year of Jingyao (AD 263), at the suggestion of Xi Long and Xiang Chong, Liu Chan built a temple for Zhuge Liang in Mianyang.
Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Zhao sent Deng Ai and Zhong Hui to attack Shu. His eldest son Zhuge Zhan and eldest grandson Zhuge Shang died in the Battle of Mianzhu. Shu Han died.
Zhuge Liang's representative prose works include "The Master's Guide" and "The Book of Commandments". He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. "The Preface to the Master" is a statement written by Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty in China's Three Kingdoms period, to his successor. At that time, it was the fifth year of Jianxing's reign. The Shu Han Dynasty had recovered from the shock of Liu Bei's death. It had formed an alliance with Sun Wu externally, internally appointed Nanzhong, promoted the Qing government, and had sufficient troops and supplies. Zhuge Liang believed that he had the ability to conquer the Central Plains in the north and realize Liu Bei's restoration of the Han Dynasty. dream.
"The Later Disciple's Biao" is the official seal given to the Empress of Shu before Zhuge Liang's second expedition to Wei in November of the sixth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (228 AD) during the Three Kingdoms period. "Book of Commandments" is a family letter written by Zhuge Liang to his eight-year-old son Zhuge Zhan before his death. It has become a famous article for students of all generations to cultivate their moral integrity and resolve. It can be seen as Zhuge Liang's summary of his life. Zhuge Liang has a noble character and profound knowledge. As a father, his sincere teachings and unlimited expectations for his son are all in his words. Through these wise, rational, concise and rigorous words, the love of fathers all over the world for their children is expressed so deeply and deeply.
Throughout his life, Zhuge Liang was named Prime Minister and Marquis of Wuxiang. He cared for the people internally, showed rituals, appointed officials, obeyed the authority, was sincere, impartial, and externally cooperated with Wu and Wei, in order to realize the political policy of reviving the Han Dynasty. Ideal, he made several Northern Expeditions, but failed due to various factors, and finally died of illness in Wuzhangyuan. It can be said that he is an outstanding talent in governing the country, and his talents can be compared with Guan Zhong and Xiao He. Liu Chan posthumously named him Zhongwuhou, and later generations often addressed him as Wuhou and Zhugewuhou. The Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing because of his military prowess.
Chen Long hugged the dragon, phoenix and tiger one by one, and his heart was filled with great ambitions. Although the three top military, political and strategic talents of the Three Kingdoms had not yet grown up, he wanted to persuade Sima Hui to add the most advanced teaching materials of later generations to their teaching materials. Political theory, thereby changing people's concept of royalism, until the pattern of the world is changed.
