It is not surprising to consider that there is a problem with the theory when the corresponding results cannot be found in the experiment according to the instructions of the theory.
Especially for the Standard Model of physics.
It is well known in the physics community that the Standard Model is not standard.
After all, there is a problem first, that is, the standard model does not describe gravity. Therefore, assuming that one day in the future, physicists can really perfectly unify the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, the standard model will probably need to go through A major revision to put gravity into the frame.
But that day is obviously still too far away. The current standard model can only describe the three forces of electromagnetism, strong force and weak force in one model. Even though they are placed in one model, they do not It means that these three powerful forces are unified.
So far, only the electroweak force has been unified, while the strong interaction force still exists in the model and is independent of the electroweak force.
The strange hadrons discovered by Li Mu and others this time are also to further help physicists find the properties of the strong interaction, thereby providing help in unifying the strong interaction.
Therefore, not long after their paper was published, it has already been cited by many scholars who study strong interactions.
"Now, the standard model tells me that Zcs(3985)+ and the neutral adjoint state should be generated at the same time, but in the experimental data, it is not reflected at all, as if there is something..."
"In these experimental data, it is hidden. "
Various thoughts passed through his mind, until finally, a term emerged from the bottom of his heart.
Non-perturbative effects.
"What are you thinking about?"
The door of the dormitory was opened, and a voice came. In fact, it was mainly because Li Mu did not close the door.
Li Mu pulled his thoughts away from the thoughts in his mind and turned his head to look over.
"Academician Yue."
"Um."
Yue Lang nodded and then sat next to Li Mu.
"Still looking for the particle with the neutral adjoint state?"
Li Mu nodded: "Yes."
Yue Lang smiled and said with emotion: "It's good to be young and have such energy and drive, just like I did back then. After I graduated from college, I worked at CERN with Mr. Ding Zhaozhong's L3 group. Research, at that time we were also looking for various new particles. "
"At that time, I was just like you. I was full of energy and felt that I would definitely be able to find a new particle."
"In fact, we found it in the end. Of course, it just didn't have much to do with me."
Yue Lang shook his head, probably lamenting his naive thoughts.
"Particle physics is neither troublesome nor simple. Those particles that have not yet been discovered seem to be right in front of us, waiting for us to find them under the guidance of the Standard Model."
"But reality always proves that they always seem to be teasing us."
"So, what we have to do is to pretend not to care about these particles first, and then suddenly one day we can catch one of their tails."
Li Mu nodded slightly. He could tell that Yue Lang was trying to persuade him not to be too pushy.
"You're right." Li Mu responded, "But sometimes we have to try."
Yue Lang smiled and said: "Of course, it makes sense to think this way."
"So, do you have any ideas now?"
Li Mu pondered for a moment, and then said: "The theory tells us that whether it is a charged strange hadron or a neutral strange hadron, they are all born together in the final state of the decay of the charm meson."
"But now, if you can't find a matching signal in the experimental data."
"So now I have to think about whether it's theoretical, something is wrong with our standard model."
After hearing Li Mu's words, Yue Lang fell into silence for a while, and then spoke after about half a minute: "I must say, your idea is very bold and very important."
"When experiments fail to verify a theory, we have to consider whether the theory is imperfect."
Yue Lang stood up.
Li Mu's words obviously attracted his attention.
Pacing in the dormitory, Yue Lang lowered his head and pondered.
"Although so far, the results of almost all particle collision experiments related to the electroweak and strong three forces are basically consistent with the standard model, we must also admit that they are only almost."
"Li Mu, you should also know that there is a problem that our physics community has been avoiding, that is, although the Standard Model is very accurate, in fact, this model is not even self-consistent."
Hearing Yue Lang's words, Li Mu nodded.
"We have been working hard for so many years, but we have never been able to obtain a non-perturbative definition of the Standard Model, such as a non-perturbative definition through lattice theory."
"The current standard model is approximated by a series expansion, also called a perturbation expansion."
"If we only take the first few terms of the series, we will find that the standard model can give very similar conclusions to the experimental results, which is why it is called a very successful theory."
"But if we take the first few hundred terms of the series expansion, the results of the standard model will be very different from the experiment."
“The more terms we use in the series expansion, the greater the difference between the results of the standard model and the experimental results will be, and may even tend to infinity. Therefore, the standard model defined by approximating the series expansion is not self-consistent in theory. Model."
At this point, Yue Lang's voice paused. He stopped pacing and raised his head to look at Li Mu.
"Maybe your doubts are right. The experimental data cannot correlate with the standard model, and this problem is likely to arise."
"But unfortunately, this problem is not easy to solve."
"The physics community has been trying for so many years, but they still have not been able to achieve convergence in the series expansion of the Standard Model. Perhaps only by converging it can we find the desired neutral adjoint state."
Yue Lang shook his head and sighed slightly.
This kind of unsolved problem in physics is like a conjecture in mathematics. It has lasted for a long time but has never been solved.
Maybe it can only be left to young people like Li Mu?
As for old people like him, they probably can't do it.
After all, as we all know, a scientist's most outstanding achievements are often born in his youth, and in old age, basically all he can do is tinker with his past achievements.
Finally, Yue Lang patted Li Mu on the shoulder and said with a smile: "Of course you don't have to be too anxious. The current experimental data cannot find the existence of neutral adjoint states. It will still be possible in the future. It is only about ten years ago." It’s just 10,000 sets of data. At the end of the year, the electron-positron collider will be started again, and next time we will optimize the collision parameters, so it won’t be like we only found 127 this time.”
"The larger the sample size, the better the chance of discovery."
"So don't worry."
"Of course, if you want to use your mathematical abilities to make up for the inconsistency of the Standard Model, I also support it."
"This is what a math genius like you should do."
"Come on, boy."
Afterwards, Yue Lang said no more, turned and left the dormitory.
Li Mu, on the other hand, fell into thinking.
Is the perturbation expansion of the Standard Model...
He picked up his pen and wrote down the series expansion of the Standard Model on the paper.
Then, knowledge about perturbation theory in mathematics also entered his mind.
"The physics community hopes that when n approaches infinity, Fn(g) can also approach the integral value we want for the standard model series expansion. However, currently, when N approaches infinity, Fn(g) g) will only diverge, not converge.”
"This can only be because one or several restrictive conditions are missing."
"But what will be this restrictive condition..."
Li Mu's eyes suddenly became fixed.
Then, relying on his mathematical intuition, he added a restriction to each series of numerical terms.
This is a seemingly troublesome formula, but in Li Mu's eyes, this formula is full of mathematical beauty.
But the most important thing is - "It seems... found?"
He was a little dazed.
Because, this originally divergent series expansion suddenly achieved convergence with the addition of this new formula.
"Is this problem solved like this?"
It was like a magical intuition that guided Li Mujiang to discover this formula.
He frowned and thought for a moment, feeling unbelievable for a moment.
A problem that has troubled the physics community for decades. By relying on the divergence of the series expansion of the original Standard Model, I directly found the conditions that control its divergence?
But then, when he studied it carefully again, he discovered its shortcomings.
"This formula also lacks coordination of the weak interaction force."
"This should be the problem..."
But even though he discovered the problem, Li Mu had a smile on his face.
Because this accidental mathematical intuition, although it did not directly point to the answer, allowed him to find the key to solving the entire problem.
Perhaps, a complete non-perturbative mathematical definition of the Standard Model will be realized in his hands.
(End of chapter)
