Last year, when Li Zexuan was making telegraph machines and voltaic batteries in his workshop, he did an electrification experiment using carbonized bamboo filaments. The bamboo filaments could emit bright light the moment they were energized, but only for a moment, leaving behind After a moment of brilliance, the bamboo silk will be burned by heat and turned into ashes!
Although this experiment failed, it at least proved that carbonized bamboo filament can be used as filament. As long as it is not exposed to oxygen, its service life can be guaranteed!
Now Li Zexuan uses candlelight to consume oxygen to ensure that there is no oxygen in the light bulb. In this way, the light bulb made of carbonized bamboo filaments can be used for a long time!
In a previous life, in 1854, Henry Goebel, a German watchmaker who immigrated to the United States, used a carbonized bamboo wire placed in a vacuum glass bottle to make the first practical electric lamp, which lasted for 400 hours. However, he did not Apply for patents promptly.
In 1874, two Canadian electrical technicians applied for a patent for an electric light: filling nitrogen gas under a glass bulb and using an electrified carbon rod to emit light. However, they did not have enough financial resources to continue to perfect this invention, so they sold the patent in 1875. Gave it to Edison. After purchasing the patent, Edison tried to improve the filament, and finally created a carbonized bamboo filament lamp in 1880 that could last for 1,200 hours.
This is already quite impressive. You must know that the lifespan of a tungsten filament lamp is only about 1,500 hours. Before the discovery and mining of tungsten ore, using carbonized bamboo filament instead of tungsten filament is undoubtedly the wisest choice!
"Xiao Xuan! Here are the batteries! Are five enough~?"
Following Li Zexuan's instructions, Yan Shaoning brought five voltaic batteries and walked into the laboratory.
Li Zexuan frowned and said: "It shouldn't be enough! Let's try it first and then say~!"
One of the voltaic batteries made in the workshop to power the telegraph has a voltage of about one volt and a current of about 500 milliamperes. If five of them are connected in series, the voltage is only about five volts. And the light bulb in his hand is big. It’s not small. The carbonized bamboo wire inside is wound in a spiral shape, so the length is longer and the resistance value will be higher. If you want to light it with a voltage of five volts and a current of 500 milliamps, it is probably a bit difficult!
After that, Li Zexuan connected the five batteries in series, and then led out two copper wires from the top of the light bulb, one end connected to the positive electrode and the other end connected to the negative electrode. Suddenly, the carbonized bamboo wire in the light bulb lit up with a faint light. , this light was not fleeting like the previous experiment, but stayed on steadily. When Li Zexuan saw this, he couldn't help but breathed a sigh of relief.
"It's on! It's on! Chief Shan! This light is really on~!"
In the laboratory, Mo Lingwei couldn't help but cheer excitedly when she saw the faint light emitted by the electric lamp.
"Yeah! It just feels like the brightness is a bit insufficient!"
Yan Shaoning looked up and down for a long time and said with some regret.
"That's because the voltage is too small! If the voltage is increased, it will definitely be brighter, at least much brighter than a candle!"
Li Zexuan smiled and said.
"Well! Can't we just let Xiao Ningzi carry a few more batteries? Xiao Ningzi, go quickly!"
Mo Lingwei pursed her lips and gave instructions to Yan Shaoning.
"Okay, okay! Then I'll get five more batteries right now!"
Faced with the "goddess' will", how could Yan Shaoning dare to disobey? He quickly stood up and was about to walk out of the house.
It is said that the power generation efficiency of voltaic batteries made of salt water is very low, so each voltaic battery is integrated with many small compartments to ensure that the voltage of each battery can be used, so the weight of each battery is not It's light, five pieces together weighs about ten kilograms, which is quite difficult for Yan Shaoning!
When Li Zexuan saw this, he quickly said:
"Forget it! No need! Since this light can stay on, it means that our idea of making electric lights is right. It won't be too late to do the experiment when the dam opens to release water and the generator officially generates electricity the day after tomorrow! Take advantage of this moment For a while, we need to make several sets of electric lamps with different voltage resistance values, and we can do experiments with generators and transformers later! After all, no one knows what the voltage is from the generator? What is the voltage after conversion by the transformer? How many?"
What is the most lacking thing in the academy now? That’s all kinds of instruments and measuring tools!
First of all, due to the constraints of process conditions, various measuring tools in ancient times are actually not accurate. Although the accuracy of rulers, scales, and measuring buckets can meet daily needs, if they are used in precision manufacturing, they are far from enough. !
Now because of the Bahe Hydropower Station, Lantian County will soon be able to use electricity. When it comes to electricity, measuring instruments such as voltmeters, ammeters and ohmmeters are needed. These things are not easy to make, and they are formulated for these new physical quantities. Unit standards must be approved by the majority of people!
Li Zexuan planned to withdraw later and organize the academy's elite forces to establish the Datang Metrology Institute to unify the old units of measurement and formulate new measurement standards for new physical quantities. In addition, the measurement methods used in engineering in the future Tools and measuring instruments require the Datang Institute of Metrology to make a standard instrument. All subsequent related instruments must be calibrated according to this standard instrument to ensure that the error is within an acceptable range!
After the Datang Institute of Metrology is established, Li Zexuan will be able to continue to use modern measurement units such as "meters, kilometers, grams, kilograms, volts, amperes, watts, kilowatts"!
Moreover, if you want to engage in precision manufacturing and processing in Datang, the first step is not to build machines, but to unify measurement standards and make more precise measurement tools. Only in this way can you create more precise machine tools and more precise Parts!
There is an old saying that "a mistake of a millimeter is a mistake of a thousand miles". This sentence is most suitable to be used in the field of precision manufacturing and processing!
"Oh! That's okay! But Chief Shan, how can we make the voltage resistance values of the electric light filaments different~?"
Mo Lingwei nodded thoughtfully, and then asked doubtfully.
Yan Shaoning also set his sights on Li Zexuan. He didn't understand the electrical part of the "Physics" textbook as well as Mo Lingwei. Naturally, he didn't understand the questions that Mo Lingwei didn't understand either!
Li Zexuan thought for a while and explained: "Under the same voltage, the smaller the resistance of the filament, the greater the current passing through it. For example, when we use a wire to directly connect the positive and negative ends of the battery, Although the voltage of the battery is very small, the resistance of the wire is almost zero, the current passing through it will be infinite, and the temperature of the wire and battery will rise sharply! So only the larger the resistance value, the voltage value it can withstand The bigger it gets!
The reason why I made the filament into a spiral shape is to increase the length of the filament. The longer the length, the greater its resistance. On the other hand, the filament is made into a spiral shape, which is actually equivalent to an inductor! In a DC stable circuit, the inductance is equivalent to a short circuit and the resistance value can be ignored!
But in sinusoidal alternating current, the inductor will form a certain resistance to the current! There will be voltage on both sides, and there will also be current flowing through it. However, the lower the frequency of the sinusoidal alternating current, the smaller the hindrance effect of the inductor on it, which is equivalent to a low-pass filter.
Therefore, making this kind of spiral filament is more conducive to increasing the voltage resistance of the bulb! "
Hearing this, Mo Lingwei digested it carefully for a while, then nodded and said: "Yes! Chief Shan, I understand! Then leave it to me to make the electric lamps with different voltage resistance values!"
She had watched the whole process of Li Zexuan making the electric lamp. Overall, it was not difficult, so she took the initiative to ask for help.
Li Zexuan nodded, stood up and said, "Okay! Thanks to Miss Mo!"
After that, he looked at Yan Shaoning beside him, and then walked out.
"Hehe! Weier, let me help you do it together!"
"Hmph! Who wants your help?"
"No! You see, you can't let a girl like you do such rough work as drilling, right?"
"Hmm...it seems to make sense..."
Outside the house, Li Zexuan heard the conversation between the two people and couldn't help shaking his head. As he walked, he sighed: "Oh! What a happy couple!"
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"Open the gate! Release the water!"
Two days later.
All canal construction and waterwheel installation projects in Lantian County have been completed. Hundreds of thousands of acres of fertile farmland in Lantian County that have been dry for more than half a month can finally be nourished again today!
Next to the Bahe Dam, following Li Zexuan's order, the dam opened a gate, and the surging river water rolled down the dam. The river water poured directly into the ditch through the waterwheel, and then happily moved forward along the direction of the ditch. Rushing!
"There's water! There's water~!"
"Finally water can flow into the fields! Great! Great!"
"Master Marquis is kind! Otherwise, there will be a severe drought this year, and our crops will probably fail!"
"Yes! Yes! I heard that the dam cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to build!"
"There is also this canal. I heard that the cement used in it was all produced by the Marquis himself. You can't buy this thing outside, but the Marquis used it to build the canal for us. We must build it for the rest of our lives. Thank you for your kindness!"
"That is necessary! Having such a good Marquis on the stall is a tribute to our ancestors! Anyone who is not grateful for the kindness of the Marquis is a white-eyed wolf and should be stabbed in the spine!"
Seeing a large amount of river water pouring into the newly constructed cement ditch, the people watching on the bank of Bahe River suddenly burst into cheers.
"Magistrate He, immediately send people to each village to see which village has no water. If there is any situation, come and report it immediately~!"
On the shore, Li Zexuan put his hands behind his back and gave instructions calmly.
It is said that Lantian County is the first county around Chang'an City to divert water into the fields. The main reason is that the canal construction plan was started early and the canal construction was completed early. And because of the dam, the abundant water resources in Lantian County provide a huge convenience!
Therefore, while other counties are still busy repairing canals and loading water trucks, Lantian County has already introduced water from the Bahe Dam into the fields!
Magistrate He's face was glowing at this time. Lantian County was the first county to divert river water into the fields. As a county magistrate, he also had a bright face. After all, it was not in vain that he had brought all the county government officials with him in recent days. The officials were busy working hard.
After hearing Li Zexuan's instructions, he quickly raised his hands and said, "Don't worry, Lord Marquis, Xiaguan has already arranged for people to be stationed in various villages~! They will come over to report the situation to Xianguan soon!"
Li Zexuan nodded with satisfaction and said, "Yes! Not bad! You can report to me later!"
"Mr. Shan, a generator has started running, and the relays and transformers have been installed. Do you want to go take a look?"
At this moment, Mo Huai, Mo Lingwei and his group walked over from the embankment of the dam and said to Li Zexuan.
"Try! Of course I have to try~!"
Li Zexuan was shocked. It was important to open the gate to release water and irrigate the farmland, but whether the generator could generate electricity normally was even more important. This was related to whether Lantian County could be brought directly from the farming era to the electric era! He took two steps forward and said:
"Mr. Mo, first cut off the output power of the generator through the relay switch, then connect the lights in parallel, then turn on the relay switch to see if the lights can be powered on normally! The generator outputs high-voltage alternating current. If you are not careful, your life will be in danger! Be sure to pay attention to electrical safety, and it is best to wear insulating rubber gloves~!"
Mo Huai nodded solemnly and said, "Mountain Chief! I understand!"
After saying that, he turned around and headed towards the control room of the dam.
After a while, under the confused eyes of the people around, someone began to set up wires next to the river bank. There were also a dozen fist-sized glass balls on the wires, and everyone couldn't help but talk about it.
"What are you doing, Lord Marquis? These threads don't look like hemp ropes!"
"Of course it's not hemp rope. This thread is wrapped in rubber. As for what's inside, we don't know!"
"Rubber? This thing is so precious! I don't know what's inside, but Lord Marquis is so willing to do it!"
"I would like to know what that glass ball is for! I feel like the Marquis is going to do something new again!"
The people watching were talking a lot. The gentlemen of Yanhuang Academy who came to "watch the ceremony" were all clenching their fists tightly at this time, praying in their hearts that this first generator experiment would be successful!
The manufacture of generators and the construction of power stations are both inseparable from the silent efforts of the academy teachers. Dams can be built by civilians, as long as they draw the drawings, but hydropower stations are different. This requires people who are proficient in this knowledge. Only guidance throughout the process!
As the first killer project of Yanhuang Academy, the teachers of the academy, especially the teachers of the Physics Department, have contributed a lot of energy to the construction of the hydropower station in the past few months. As for whether it will be successful or not, it depends on today's project Experimented!
"Chief, everything is ready. Do you want to turn on the switch and turn on the lights?"
Half an hour later, Mo Huai came over again, raised his hand to Li Zexuan and asked.
"Power on! Be careful!"
Li Zexuan secretly clenched his hands and nodded.
He is also nervous and excited now!
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