In the spring of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), Song Gaozong had just fled to Shaoxing when news came from the rear that Empress Dowager Meng was seriously ill.
Empress Dowager Meng was the queen deposed by Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty. She was also one of the few royal elders who survived the destruction of Bianjing. She later traveled south with Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and single-handedly stabilized the orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty in troubled times. But after suffering from serious illness for three months, in April of the first year of Shaoxing, Empress Dowager Meng, who had "three achievements and two wastes" throughout her life, passed away at the age of 59.
Song Gaozong had to face the issue of Empress Dowager Meng's funeral.
Before Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, except for the captured Hui and Qin sects, including Zhao Hongyin, the father of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, all the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty were buried in the Gongyi Imperial Mausoleum. Therefore, before her death, Empress Dowager Meng made it clear that she would be buried in the Gongyi Imperial Mausoleum after Song Gaozong regained the Central Plains.
However, Song Gaozong did not have the confidence and determination to regain the Central Plains. Taking into account the dignity of the Song Dynasty, Zeng Gong's nephew and Xiu Fengguan Zeng Yu cited the example of the ancients in the pre-Qin period of temporary residence and suggested that the court establish a "accumulation palace" for Empress Dowager Meng.
The so-called "Zuangong" is a building where the remains are temporarily stored. In ancient times, the emperor was buried in July. The two Song dynasties also followed this rule. Before the funeral, the body of the deceased was temporarily placed in a state of rest, and then placed in the mausoleum after the mausoleum was built.
Zeng Yu's proposal solved the problem of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and opened up new ideas for burial rituals in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Xiangling envoy soon found an open space at the foot of Shanghuang Mountain in the remaining mountains of Kuaiji Mountain in Shaoxing Prefecture, with a topography roughly similar to that of the Gongyi Imperial Tomb. Later, it was named "Baoshan" by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and became the royal cemetery area of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The construction of Empress Dowager Meng's palace also marked the official start of the construction of the "Song Liuling" palace.
Portrait of Queen Mother Meng. Source: Internet
01
Song Liuling is the abbreviation given by later generations to the six Southern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleums including Song Gaozong Yongsi Mausoleum, Song Xiaozong Yongfu Mausoleum, Song Guangzong Yongchong Mausoleum, Song Ningzong Yongmao Mausoleum, Song Lizong Yongmu Mausoleum, and Song Dynasty Duzong Yongshaoling Mausoleum.
Previously, the Gongyi Imperial Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty was located in the shadow of the Shaoshi Mountains of Songshan Mountain, bordering Qinglong Mountain to the east, Jinniu Mountain and Baiyun Mountain to the south, and the Yiluo River meandering eastward to the north. The cemetery is located on the northern slope of a relatively gentle loess hilly land. The landform is high in the south and low in the north, with a dome in the east and a dome hanging in the west. It gradually slopes down from Magpie Terrace and Ru Terrace to Shangguan Tomb Terrace, and the central building, the Mausoleum Terrace, is placed in a low recess of the entire mausoleum. Among the tombs in Gongyi, except for the Yongding Mausoleum of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, which is located to the west on the top of the hillock, the rest of the tombs have a drop of several meters to more than ten meters from south to north. However, looking north from the southern end of the cemetery, the momentum of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial tombs is obviously weakened.
Yongzhao Tomb, the imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty, Gongyi, Henan. Source: Photo Network
The reason why there is a lack of momentum is because the layout of the Gongyi Imperial Tomb adopts the "five-yin surname benefit" method of selecting auspiciousness.
The so-called "Five-yin surname Li" means that in Feng Shui, people's surnames are divided into five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, and then the five tones correspond to the five elements of Yin and Yang, namely, earth, metal, wood, fire, and water. In this way, The best burial location and time corresponding to the surname can be found geographically. "It is believed that the descendants' high and low status, rich and poor, longevity, virtue and foolishness are all connected. It cannot be buried except in this place and at this time."
According to the "New Book of Geography" compiled by Wang Zhu, a Feng Shui master from the Renzong Dynasty of Song Dynasty, the surname Zhao belongs to the horn pronunciation, which corresponds to the "wood" in the five elements. The location of the Zhao family emperor's mausoleum is best in the yin and yang geography: east high and west low. It is also good to have it high in the south and low in the north. As the saying goes, "The land is high in the east and low in the west...the land is high in the south and low in the north, and the surname Jiao can also live there." The imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty has the topographic characteristics of being high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with mountains in the southeast and water in the northwest, which is consistent with the geographical situation favored by Jiao Xing Mu Xing.
Jiao's surname is Dali Xiangtu. Source: Wang Zhu’s "College of New Geography Books"
After the Song Dynasty moved south, the imperial mausoleums also needed to be built in a place with higher east and lower west, higher in the south and lower in the north. Kuaiji Mountain, the main vein of Shanghuang Mountain, is located in the south of Shaoxing County. It is the watershed between Puyang River and Cao'e River, which fits the traditional meaning of "high in the south and low in the north" of the imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition, it is said that Yu convened the princes in the south of the Yangtze River and collapsed due to his exploits, and his burial place was in Kuaiji Mountain. Therefore, Kuaiji Mountain has been juxtaposed with Taishi Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Taishan Mountain, etc. since the Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it became the officially recognized "South Town".
Shanghuang Mountain was called Lianwu Mountain in ancient times. It is a low hill before Dongbai Mountain, the main peak of Kuaiji Mountain, submerges into the plain, with an altitude of less than 200 meters. At the southern foot of Lianwu Mountain, there are also lower Qinglong Mountains, Wuhuling Mountains and Ziyun Mountains in the east, west and south, making the mound platform around Lianwu Mountain an enclosed yet open area. The open small basin is also a rare geomantic treasure of the imperial mausoleum.
It can be seen that among the hills and mountains, only Kuaiji Mountain can hide the royal aura of this remaining lineage of the Song Dynasty. It would be a proper arrangement to allow the Song emperor's family who were traveling south to stay here temporarily.
02
However, as soon as the funeral ceremony of Empress Dowager Meng came to an end, there was an explosion within the Southern Song Dynasty.
Recalling the years of wandering on the sea, Song Gaozong only wanted to establish a capital in Shaoxing, a city with dense water networks, as soon as possible to avoid the iron hoof of the Jin people heading south. However, in the early Southern Song Dynasty, Shaoxing was a small city and a remote location, and the water transport capacity of the East Zhejiang Canal adjacent to it was very limited. Since Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty settled in Shaoxing, supplies have been in short supply, causing prices to skyrocket. You must know that before the Jin people went south on a large scale, "the annual income in the southeast was still less than ten million." When Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was stationed in Shaoxing, just paying salaries to officials required "a monthly official payment of 269,130 yuan." At that time, the imperial court's annual "zhengfu" revenue was only two million yuan.
According to this consumption rate, if Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty stayed in Shaoxing for less than ten months, the world would be in chaos. Therefore, Prime Minister Lu Yihao, Zhongshu Sheren Hong Xiang and other ministers, from the perspective of revitalizing people's livelihood and economy, strongly opposed Song Gaozong's permanent stationing in Shaoxing.
Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. Source: Film and TV stills
In desperation, Song Gaozong could only continue to retreat westward, move to Lin'an, and support half of the Song Dynasty in Hangzhou. But he still did not give up on Shaoxing. As Zhao Ruyu, Prime Minister of the Ningzong Dynasty of the Song Dynasty, said: "At that time, Emperor Gaozong was stationed in Kuaiji (Shaoxing). Between the Jianghuai River and the Huaihe River, there was a war in Japan. The funeral of Zhaoci (Empress Dowager Meng) failed to return to his nephew, so it was built as a funeral house. It was built as a temporary building. , we will arouse the anger of the three armies and never stop the hope of the Central Plains."
For most Song people who wanted to regain the Central Plains and return to the old capital, the "Zan Palace" in the southeast of Shaoxing was their hope of returning home.
After stationing in Lin'an, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty immediately designated Shaoxing as the Zhejiang Road Administrative Office, second only to Lin'an in political status. At the same time, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty also moved a large number of clan members, officers and soldiers, and ordinary people to Shaoxing based on the administrative structure of Lin'an, aiming to revitalize the local economy and provide guarantee for the construction of the Imperial Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the winter of the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Zhang Tonggu, the Jin Dynasty's "Jiangnan Envoy", came south with Jin Xizong's edict. In order to "demonstrate" the Song Dynasty, Jin Xizong deliberately did not mention the Song Dynasty in his letter, but called Jiangnan, and asked Zhang Tonggu and others to preside over the surrender ceremony of Song Gaozong after arriving in Lin'an, in order to achieve the purpose of reconciliation between the two states.
When the news came out, people in the Southern Song Dynasty were excited, but Song Gaozong, Qin Hui and other peace factions remained unmoved. In the end, Qin Hui accepted the Jin's conditions, but Song Gaozong was unwilling to kneel down and become a minister. After many negotiations, the Jin talents agreed to let Qin Hui salute instead of Song Gaozong.
Song Gaozong's "grievance" was exchanged for a Shaoxing peace treaty. According to the peace agreement, the Southern Song Dynasty needed to pay an annual tribute of 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 bolts of silk to the Jin Dynasty. It also needed to declare itself a minister to the Jin Dynasty and transfer Tang (now Tanghe, Henan) and Deng (now Deng County, Henan) to the Jin Dynasty. Two states and half of the two states of Shang (now Shangxian, Shaanxi) and Qin (now Tianshui, Gansu) were ceded to gold. The Jin people agreed to return the Zi Palace of Song Huizong, Queen Zheng and Song Gaozong's wife Queen Xing, and allowed Song Gaozong's biological mother, Queen Mother Wei, to return home in an oxcart.
Therefore, in the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142), Song Huizong's Zigong moved from the north to the south and returned to Lin'an.
Since Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty had no mausoleum before, the three carts of coffins that returned south were placed on the northwest side of Empress Dowager Meng's mausoleum. Considering that all the ancient emperors had mausoleum names, and the subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty never gave up the idea of regaining their lost lands, Song Gaozong decided to let Song Huizong's mausoleum continue to exist under the name of "Cuan Palace", and only add the mausoleum name before the palace. That is, Yongyou Mausoleum and Palace.
03
As Lu Zhong, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said, the consequences of Song Gaozong's surrender to the Jin state were that, firstly, the old Song people in the north lost their sense of belonging to the Southern Song Dynasty, and secondly, the Southern Song Dynasty bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats lost their fighting spirit to restore the country and settled for peace. Since the signing of the Shaoxing Peace Agreement, Song Gaozong's wavering heart has completely settled down. The Southern Song Dynasty essentially established its capital in Lin'an, ushering in the peaceful period that lasted for more than a century.
Although Song Gaozong was greedy for life and afraid of death, and feared money as much as a tiger, from the perspective of protecting half of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty, his political achievements could still be regarded as "Shao Zuo Zhongxing". Under his rule, the Jiangnan area lived and worked in peace and contentment most of the time, except for the war in the early Southern Song Dynasty. However, the stability and prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty could not solve Song Gaozong's fertility defects. Because he was frightened while escaping from the pursuit of the Jin people, it was difficult for Song Gaozong to have any heirs. In addition, most of the descendants of Song Taizong were captured by the Jin people. He was so miserable that he had to look for suitable successors from the descendants of Song Taizu. After some investigation and experience, Zhao Wei, the seventh grandson of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, became the crown prince of Song Gaozong and changed his name to Zhao Yu, who would become Song Xiaozong in the future.
Portrait of Song Xiaozong. Source: Internet
As soon as the prince was established, Song Gaozong, who was in his prime, had the intention of abdicating the throne in favor of someone worthy of his throne.
Regarding his thoughts on abdicating the throne, Song Gaozong stated in the edict:
"Because of my bad conduct and hard work, I rest with the blessings of my ancestors in heaven and earth. I have been in the position of An for thirty-six years. I have been worried and toiled for thousands of years, and I have spent every night in fear. Due to many reasons, I have not been able to relieve my burden gracefully and retire to a healthy life. . Today, I am despicable and rough, but I can fulfill my original intention. And the prince (Zhao) Weiyu Deyuncheng, the divine weapon is entrusted, I am very humble."
From the perspective of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, his thirty-six years in power were "due to the time and many stories", and he felt particularly tired. He just wanted to "retire and live a long and healthy life". It just so happened that in these days, things in Song and Phnom Penh had stopped for a while, so it was time to abdicate. A good time to give way. As for the accusations and abuses in the public that he feared gold like a tiger and killed loyal people, on the eve of his abdication, Song Gaozong summoned many ministers to accuse him face to face: "I have committed many unethical mistakes while in office, and I rely on your ministers and others to cover them up." This attitude. , seems to be confessing his past to the outside world.
However, after abdicating, he showed no trace of the guilt he felt before abdicating.
After Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty retired, he lived in Qin Hui's original residence. In order to show his filial piety, after Song Xiaozong ascended to the throne, he immediately changed the name of this place to Deoksugong Palace and stipulated that "Deshou Palace should receive a monthly income of 40,000 guan", so that Song Gaozong could live a retired life with no worries about food and clothing. You must know that in the Song Dynasty, when high salaries were used to support integrity, even high-ranking officials such as Grand Master, Privy Councilor, and Councilor for Political Affairs had the highest monthly salary of only 400 guan. Compared with Song Gaozong's 40,000 guan, the gap is huge.
But even so, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty often felt that he was short of money and took the lead in illegal activities to generate income. At the beginning of his abdication, he allowed the eunuch Liang Kangmin and others to open a wine warehouse and sell wine privately. In the Song Dynasty, this was a "violation of the prohibition of drinking wine". According to the law, he should be punished with Guizhou noodles, a cane, and a prison sentence of 500 miles. Therefore, as soon as Song Gaozong's violation of the ban came out, Yuan Fu, who dared to criticize the emperor face to face, spoke out and asked Song Gaozong to give a reasonable explanation for the matter. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was "furious" when he heard about it and put pressure on Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty. In the end, the matter could only end hastily with the royal wine brewed in Deoksugung Palace to feed the emperor.
Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty lived this extremely luxurious life for twenty-five years. The construction of Deoksugung Palace after nearly a thousand years has indeed amazed archaeologists. But the paradise of Deoksugung Palace must lead to the endless underground purgatory.
04
In October of the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, who was living in luxury at Deoksugung Palace, finally passed away at the age of 81.
When Song Gaozong died, his funeral was easy to organize, but before the burial, the officials who selected the mausoleum had another quarrel. The reason is that when the Xiufengling Division was building the palace of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he discovered that "the land in Erzhe is thin and low, and it is easy to see water. If no measures are taken, it will be inconvenient." Water seepage in imperial mausoleums was a taboo no matter which dynasty it was in. But the "five-tone surname benefit" was, after all, the feng shui rules of the imperial mausoleums set in the early Song Dynasty. Whether to copy the traditions of the Central Plains or to follow the local customs and adapt to local conditions became the most troublesome issue for the monarchs and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Xiufeng Lingsi finally came up with a temporary solution: "I would like to give you a picture of the stone treasure trove with colorful paintings, and also take a picture of the wall of the chamber and place a stone wall five feet away from the outside of the stone treasure trove, and build it with clay in the middle. It is level with the stone cache. Although the work force is doubled, it may be able to resist moisture." This means that the mausoleum uses an earth pit with a vertical hole and a stone coffin (stone cache) underneath. A stone wall is built five feet outside the stone cache, and a stone wall is built between the two layers of stone walls. Fill and compact with clay to prevent moisture.
Picture of the stone collection in the Yongsi Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. Source: Chen Chaoyun's "Mausoleums of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties"
Although the Zangong Palace in the Southern Song Dynasty was only a temporary home for the coffins of the emperors and empresses, the emperors obviously did not want to see this "underground palace" too shabby. Therefore, following the construction pattern of mausoleums since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Southern Song Dynasty emperor's palace also had a "lower palace" building dedicated to sacrifices. At the same time, above the imperial hall of Yongsi Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, Yousi also built a three-room offering hall in the style of the Song Dynasty palace. Behind the offering hall, he built another building with the same three-room width, named "Wu" . The tomb of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty was excavated and built underground in this crow.
Since the Imperial Mausoleum Collection Palace in the Southern Song Dynasty was not a formal imperial mausoleum, there was no long and narrow tomb passage, which undoubtedly made the burial process of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty more difficult.
Since the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was deeply aware that the funeral ceremonies of the previous dynasty were cumbersome and simplified the funeral process. The Secretary of the Xiufengling Mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty formulated a new set of regulations for the burial of later emperors to deal with the problem of the lack of tomb passages in the imperial mausoleums and palaces: when burying, you must "first lower the coffin floor, then enter the Zi Palace, place it on the coffin floor, and then set it in order." , then put down the coffin body, and then put the sky plate net on the coffin," and then sealed it with stone strips. After Zi Gong was buried, he "skilledly used bluestone as a railing, laid out more than 20 load-bearing cypress logs, covered them with two inches of fragrant soil and six inches of guest soil, and then laid the ground with square bricks. In fact, the soil was no more than a ruler's ear." In other words, after the craftsmen of the Southern Song Dynasty dug the imperial hall (tomb chamber), they placed the coffin of the late emperor in a fixed position, and then built aconite on top of the imperial hall and separated it from the ground with bluestone slabs and several inches of incense soil. Waiting for the "Wang Shibei Ding Central Plains Day" in the future to move and bury the Gongyi Emperor's Mausoleum. It can be seen that the regulations on the imperial mausoleums of the Southern Song Dynasty are really crude.
Since Song Gaozong was the first emperor after the Song Dynasty moved south, the specifications of his mausoleum naturally became a model for later Southern Song emperors to build palaces.
05
Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty completely copied the "five-yin surname benefit" model in his palace building. In the eyes of ministers who advocated localization, this was a harbinger of the country's demise. For this reason, after the death of Song Gaozong, the ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty brought the issue of the mausoleum and burial place to the court for discussion and debate from time to time, which made Song Xiaozong very upset.
As a true filial son, Song Xiaozong did not dare to "operate" on the ancestral precepts and rules easily. After the death of Song Gaozong, Song Xiaozong, who was tired of government affairs, also had the intention of abdicating the throne in favor of worthy people. Before Song Gaozong's funeral was completed, Song Xiaozong privately revealed to Hong Mai, a bachelor of Duanming Palace, that he wanted to pass the throne to Prince Zhao Dun, and asked Hong Mai to make preparations and support him at any time.
Only one year and four months after the death of Song Gaozong, that is, in February of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), Song Xiaozong held an inner Zen ceremony in Zichen Hall, became the Supreme Emperor, and lived in Chonghua Palace (formerly Deoksugung Palace).
However, the successor chosen by Song Xiaozong was far less filial than himself. Ever since he retired to the Chonghua Palace, Song Guangzong Zhao Dun had made him angry from time to time. Zhao Dun's main queen Li Fengniang was one of the famous fierce queens in history. Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty became terminally ill within a few years of living in Chonghua Palace. He died of illness in the fifth year of Shaoxi (1194) at the age of 68.
After the death of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty, the problem of selecting the location of the imperial mausoleum once again came to the attention of the Southern Song Dynasty court.
According to the rule of "five-tone surnames are beneficial", the imperial court selected an auspicious site for Song Xiaozong to build a palace named Yongfuling Mausoleum under the west of Yongsi Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty. However, when the Royal Engineering Team entered the site for construction, they discovered that this so-called "auspicious land" had "shallow soil and water and rocks underneath." Even if the Yongsi Mausoleum was imitated and two "stone caches" were added to the Yongfu Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty, "Zi" cannot solve the problem of water leakage in the imperial mausoleum. In view of these special circumstances, Sun Fengji, the minister who was ordered to review the site selection for the mausoleum, suggested, "Don't be generous to the sun and the moon, don't ask for auspicious land." So Song Guangzong hurriedly ordered the ministers of Taiwan to admonish, Hanlin and others to discuss and get it within three days. come up with appropriate solutions.
Seeing that the Song Dynasty had been bullied since the Jingkang Incident, Zhu Xi, the Neo-Confucian master who was then in charge of Huanzhang Pavilion, could not help but feel "sorrowful for his misfortune and angry for his inability to fight". In the world of Neo-Confucianism, he advocated the ancient way of being warm to the heart, and advocated all-out resistance to the Jin Dynasty and the revitalization of the imperial court. Therefore, taking advantage of this opportunity to select the site for Song Xiaozong's mausoleum, Zhu Xi submitted a "Mountain Mausoleum Proposal" to the court, elaborating on the shortcomings of "Guoyin" and the fault that the Song Dynasty could not fully revive after moving south. , attributed to the "five-yin surname benefit" location selection rule for imperial mausoleums.
Portrait of Zhu Xi. Source: Internet
Zhu Xi believed that the ancient burial method was "to hide the remains of ancestors". Choosing a place to bury the souls of ancestors seeks their blessings. For the filial sons and grandsons, preserving the body and spirit of the late emperor, being sincere and respectful, offering sacrifices without interruption, and then divining a "lucky place" and then using it are the ways of heaven that the Song Dynasty can safely inherit. Nowadays, the Southern Song Dynasty court rigidly abides by the "five-yin surname benefit". When selecting the cemetery, it failed to widely listen to the opinions of local experts and did not "visit the mountains". It only emphasized one-sidedly that the imperial tombs of the Song Dynasty needed to continue to "sit south and face north". The traditional tradition will definitely encounter great disasters in the future.
In order to provide supporting evidence for his argument, Zhu Xi stated in "Shanling Lunzhui":
Gai has followed this method since it was moved to Yong'an (the mausoleum of Zhao Hongyin, Zhao Kuangyin's father). However, during the ninth generation (Huizong and Qinzong), the national unity was again broken, and the Jingkang changes reduced the clan to ruins. Emperor Gaozong was resurrected, and he crossed to the south with his horse. Emperor Xiaozong returned from the side branch and succeeded to the throne. As for Siling (the mausoleum of Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty), the same method was used, and Emperor Shou was promoted to Xia immediately after he tired of his hard work. Taishang (Guangzong) disobeyed Yu for a long time and even abdicated. Chishan also used his method, and Zhuang Wen (Prince) and Wei Di (Zhao Kai) died one after another. If it is said that good and bad fortunes depend on people, not on the place, and how can they be prosperous if they are not abolished, then the theory of "Guoyin" is useless talk, and it may not necessarily be a blessing, and it may not be a disaster if it does not always happen. What does it mean to believe in something if it is true and to keep it if it is true to its strictness? If it is said that the method is proven and cannot be changed, then the tombs in Luo and Yue all sit south and face north, which is in line with the national tone. How can there be less good things and more bad things?
Zhu Xi's point of view is very clear, that is, to abandon the "five-yin surname benefit", recruit geographers in Jiangxi or Fujian, and re-select cemeteries.
As soon as this theory came out, it caused an uproar in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, many officials who defended the Song Dynasty still insisted that Zhu Xi's Feng Shui views were very deviant, and if he easily deviated from the laws of his ancestors, he might be punished by God. The result was nothing.
06
Zhu Xi's foresight was ruthlessly thrown aside, but God's punishment would not let the descendants of the Song Dynasty go.
The Southern Song Dynasty adhered to the principle of "five-yin surnames benefiting" from beginning to end. When the Yongmao Mausoleum was built for Ningzong of the Song Dynasty, there was no usable mountain land for the mausoleum all the way west from the Mausoleum of Empress Dowager Meng on Shanghuang Mountain. Lizong of the Song Dynasty, who was in power at that time, had no choice but to demolish the Taining Temple, the only ancient temple in the mausoleum area used to pray for the royal family, drive away the monks, and build the mausoleum for Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty.
And it was this "accidental" decision that actually caused Song Ling to suffer a disaster.
During the reign of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty in the north also gradually declined, and the Song Dynasty had the opportunity to "alliance with Mongolia to resist the Jin Dynasty" to avenge its previous humiliation. However, after the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the relatively peaceful Song Dynasty returned to a state of indifference and lost itself in dissipation and dissipation until the Mongolian army from the northern grasslands swept across Yunei. In February of the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), with the failure of the Yashan naval battle, the Southern Song Dynasty completely lost hope of restoration.
Portrait of Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty. Source: Internet
In the unified Yuan Dynasty, the former capital of Shaoxing became part of the Jiangnan Province. In order to eradicate the resistance of the survivors of the Song Dynasty, Yang Lianzhenjia, a Buddhist monk who was the chief photographer of Jiangnan Buddhism at the time, and with the support of Sang Ge, a powerful minister of the Yuan Dynasty, ordered the former monks of Taining Temple to forcibly break into the Song Tomb restricted area in the name of being "weary of winning". A catastrophe of tomb robbery with official acquiescence began.
According to the "Guixin Miscellaneous Knowledge" written by Zhou Mi, a survivor of the Southern Song Dynasty, after Yang Lianzhenjia and others swarmed into the Song Tomb, Luo Xian, the guardian of the mausoleum, tried his best to resist, but was forced to retreat by a monk from Taining Temple with a knife. In front of the officials guarding the tombs, this group of gangsters were emboldened. They first dug up the tombs of Ningzong, Lizong, and Queen Yang of Ningzong, and then successively destroyed the tombs of Huizong, Gaozong, Xiaozong, and Guangzong, and destroyed the tombs of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty. The head was cut off and made into drinking vessels for the Yuan Dynasty dignitaries to enjoy.
After this incident, people in the Jiangnan area were filled with indignation. Tang Jue, a righteous man from Shaoxing, and others dispersed their wealth and organized people to disguise themselves as beggars, farmers, herb collectors, etc. to search for the remains of the emperor and empress in the mountains and grass, and buried them in Lanting Mountain outside Shaoxing City. The palace holly tree was planted in the mountains as a mark.
After Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established the Ming Dynasty, he sent Gu Bingyi, the head of the Ministry of Industry, to Peking (i.e. the capital of the Yuan Dynasty) to obtain Lizong's skull. Combined with the "Zan Gong Tu" presented by Zhejiang and the holly tree mark on Lanting Mountain outside Shaoxing City, the skull of Zhu Yuanzhang was The emperor's remains were buried in the original cave, the tombs were sealed with earthen tree monuments, the walls of the Rongxiang Hall were repaired, and pine trees were planted to restore them to their original appearance as much as possible.
At the same time, in order to prevent the imperial tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty from being damaged again, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty directly designated the Baoshan area as a restricted area and strictly prohibited people from going up the mountain to cut down trees.
Although Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty made great efforts to restore and protect the "Six Tombs of the Song Dynasty", since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, social unrest and people's livelihood were declining, and the imperial court gradually neglected the care, repair and management of the Song Tombs. As time passed, Song Ling was eventually lost to a tea garden.
Today, only sparse ancient pines remain in the majestic imperial mausoleum. No one knows their origins, but their standing still stubbornly symbolizes the ups and downs of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the spring of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), Song Gaozong had just fled to Shaoxing when news came from the rear that Empress Dowager Meng was seriously ill.
Empress Dowager Meng was the queen deposed by Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty. She was also one of the few royal elders who survived the destruction of Bianjing. She later traveled south with Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and single-handedly stabilized the orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty in troubled times. But after suffering from serious illness for three months, in April of the first year of Shaoxing, Empress Dowager Meng, who had "three achievements and two wastes" throughout her life, passed away at the age of 59.
Song Gaozong had to face the issue of Empress Dowager Meng's funeral.
Before Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, except for the captured Hui and Qin sects, including Zhao Hongyin, the father of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, all the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty were buried in the Gongyi Imperial Mausoleum. Therefore, before her death, Empress Dowager Meng made it clear that she would be buried in the Gongyi Imperial Mausoleum after Song Gaozong regained the Central Plains.
However, Song Gaozong did not have the confidence and determination to regain the Central Plains. Taking into account the dignity of the Song Dynasty, Zeng Gong's nephew and Xiu Fengguan Zeng Yu cited the example of the ancients in the pre-Qin period of temporary residence and suggested that the court establish a "accumulation palace" for Empress Dowager Meng.
The so-called "Zuangong" is a building where the remains are temporarily stored. In ancient times, the emperor was buried in July. The two Song dynasties also followed this rule. Before the funeral, the body of the deceased was temporarily placed in a state of rest, and then placed in the mausoleum after the mausoleum was built.
Zeng Yu's proposal solved the problem of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and opened up new ideas for burial rituals in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Xiangling envoy soon found an open space at the foot of Shanghuang Mountain in the remaining mountains of Kuaiji Mountain in Shaoxing Prefecture, with a topography roughly similar to that of the Gongyi Imperial Tomb. Later, it was named "Baoshan" by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and became the royal cemetery area of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The construction of Empress Dowager Meng's palace also marked the official start of the construction of the "Song Liuling" palace.
Portrait of Queen Mother Meng. Source: Internet
01
Song Liuling is the abbreviation given by later generations to the six Southern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleums including Song Gaozong Yongsi Mausoleum, Song Xiaozong Yongfu Mausoleum, Song Guangzong Yongchong Mausoleum, Song Ningzong Yongmao Mausoleum, Song Lizong Yongmu Mausoleum, and Song Dynasty Duzong Yongshaoling Mausoleum.
Previously, the Gongyi Imperial Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty was located in the shadow of the Shaoshi Mountains of Songshan Mountain, bordering Qinglong Mountain to the east, Jinniu Mountain and Baiyun Mountain to the south, and the Yiluo River meandering eastward to the north. The cemetery is located on the northern slope of a relatively gentle loess hilly land. The landform is high in the south and low in the north, with a dome in the east and a dome hanging in the west. It gradually slopes down from Magpie Terrace and Ru Terrace to Shangguan Tomb Terrace, and the central building, the Mausoleum Terrace, is placed in a low recess of the entire mausoleum. Among the tombs in Gongyi, except for the Yongding Mausoleum of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, which is located to the west on the top of the hillock, the rest of the tombs have a drop of several meters to more than ten meters from south to north. However, looking north from the southern end of the cemetery, the momentum of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial tombs is obviously weakened.
Yongzhao Tomb, the imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty, Gongyi, Henan. Source: Photo Network
The reason why there is a lack of momentum is because the layout of the Gongyi Imperial Tomb adopts the "five-yin surname benefit" method of selecting auspiciousness.
The so-called "Five-yin surname Li" means that in Feng Shui, people's surnames are divided into five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, and then the five tones correspond to the five elements of Yin and Yang, namely, earth, metal, wood, fire, and water. In this way, The best burial location and time corresponding to the surname can be found geographically. "It is believed that the descendants' high and low status, rich and poor, longevity, virtue and foolishness are all connected. It cannot be buried except in this place and at this time."
According to the "New Book of Geography" compiled by Wang Zhu, a Feng Shui master from the Renzong Dynasty of Song Dynasty, the surname Zhao belongs to the horn pronunciation, which corresponds to the "wood" in the five elements. The location of the Zhao family emperor's mausoleum is best in the yin and yang geography: east high and west low. It is also good to have it high in the south and low in the north. As the saying goes, "The land is high in the east and low in the west...the land is high in the south and low in the north, and the surname Jiao can also live there." The imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty has the topographic characteristics of being high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with mountains in the southeast and water in the northwest, which is consistent with the geographical situation favored by Jiao Xing Mu Xing.
Jiao's surname is Dali Xiangtu. Source: Wang Zhu’s "College of New Geography Books"
After the Song Dynasty moved south, the imperial mausoleums also needed to be built in a place with higher east and lower west, higher in the south and lower in the north. Kuaiji Mountain, the main vein of Shanghuang Mountain, is located in the south of Shaoxing County. It is the watershed between Puyang River and Cao'e River, which fits the traditional meaning of "high in the south and low in the north" of the imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition, it is said that Yu convened the princes in the south of the Yangtze River and collapsed due to his exploits, and his burial place was in Kuaiji Mountain. Therefore, Kuaiji Mountain has been juxtaposed with Taishi Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Taishan Mountain, etc. since the Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it became the officially recognized "South Town".
Shanghuang Mountain was called Lianwu Mountain in ancient times. It is a low hill before Dongbai Mountain, the main peak of Kuaiji Mountain, submerges into the plain, with an altitude of less than 200 meters. At the southern foot of Lianwu Mountain, there are also lower Qinglong Mountains, Wuhuling Mountains and Ziyun Mountains in the east, west and south, making the mound platform around Lianwu Mountain an enclosed yet open area. The open small basin is also a rare geomantic treasure of the imperial mausoleum.
It can be seen that among the hills and mountains, only Kuaiji Mountain can hide the royal aura of this remaining lineage of the Song Dynasty. It would be a proper arrangement to allow the Song emperor's family who were traveling south to stay here temporarily.
02
However, as soon as the funeral ceremony of Empress Dowager Meng came to an end, there was an explosion within the Southern Song Dynasty.
Recalling the years of wandering on the sea, Song Gaozong only wanted to establish a capital in Shaoxing, a city with dense water networks, as soon as possible to avoid the iron hoof of the Jin people heading south. However, in the early Southern Song Dynasty, Shaoxing was a small city and a remote location, and the water transport capacity of the East Zhejiang Canal adjacent to it was very limited. Since Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty settled in Shaoxing, supplies have been in short supply, causing prices to skyrocket. You must know that before the Jin people went south on a large scale, "the annual income in the southeast was still less than ten million." When Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was stationed in Shaoxing, just paying salaries to officials required "a monthly official payment of 269,130 yuan." At that time, the imperial court's annual "zhengfu" revenue was only two million yuan.
According to this consumption rate, if Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty stayed in Shaoxing for less than ten months, the world would be in chaos. Therefore, Prime Minister Lu Yihao, Zhongshu Sheren Hong Xiang and other ministers, from the perspective of revitalizing people's livelihood and economy, strongly opposed Song Gaozong's permanent stationing in Shaoxing.
Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. Source: Film and TV stills
In desperation, Song Gaozong could only continue to retreat westward, move to Lin'an, and support half of the Song Dynasty in Hangzhou. But he still did not give up on Shaoxing. As Zhao Ruyu, Prime Minister of the Ningzong Dynasty of the Song Dynasty, said: "At that time, Emperor Gaozong was stationed in Kuaiji (Shaoxing). Between the Jianghuai River and the Huaihe River, there was a war in Japan. The funeral of Zhaoci (Empress Dowager Meng) failed to return to his nephew, so it was built as a funeral house. It was built as a temporary building. , we will arouse the anger of the three armies and never stop the hope of the Central Plains."
For most Song people who wanted to regain the Central Plains and return to the old capital, the "Zan Palace" in the southeast of Shaoxing was their hope of returning home.
After stationing in Lin'an, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty immediately designated Shaoxing as the Zhejiang Road Administrative Office, second only to Lin'an in political status. At the same time, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty also moved a large number of clan members, officers and soldiers, and ordinary people to Shaoxing based on the administrative structure of Lin'an, aiming to revitalize the local economy and provide guarantee for the construction of the Imperial Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the winter of the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), Zhang Tonggu, the Jin Dynasty's "Jiangnan Envoy", came south with Jin Xizong's edict. In order to "demonstrate" the Song Dynasty, Jin Xizong deliberately did not mention the Song Dynasty in his letter, but called Jiangnan, and asked Zhang Tonggu and others to preside over the surrender ceremony of Song Gaozong after arriving in Lin'an, in order to achieve the purpose of reconciliation between the two states.
When the news came out, people in the Southern Song Dynasty were excited, but Song Gaozong, Qin Hui and other peace factions remained unmoved. In the end, Qin Hui accepted the Jin's conditions, but Song Gaozong was unwilling to kneel down and become a minister. After many negotiations, the Jin talents agreed to let Qin Hui salute instead of Song Gaozong.
Song Gaozong's "grievance" was exchanged for a Shaoxing peace treaty. According to the peace agreement, the Southern Song Dynasty needed to pay an annual tribute of 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 bolts of silk to the Jin Dynasty. It also needed to declare itself a minister to the Jin Dynasty and transfer Tang (now Tanghe, Henan) and Deng (now Deng County, Henan) to the Jin Dynasty. Two states and half of the two states of Shang (now Shangxian, Shaanxi) and Qin (now Tianshui, Gansu) were ceded to gold. The Jin people agreed to return the Zi Palace of Song Huizong, Queen Zheng and Song Gaozong's wife Queen Xing, and allowed Song Gaozong's biological mother, Queen Mother Wei, to return home in an oxcart.
Therefore, in the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142), Song Huizong's Zigong moved from the north to the south and returned to Lin'an.
Since Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty had no mausoleum before, the three carts of coffins that returned south were placed on the northwest side of Empress Dowager Meng's mausoleum. Considering that all the ancient emperors had mausoleum names, and the subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty never gave up the idea of regaining their lost lands, Song Gaozong decided to let Song Huizong's mausoleum continue to exist under the name of "Cuan Palace", and only add the mausoleum name before the palace. That is, Yongyou Mausoleum and Palace.
03
As Lu Zhong, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said, the consequences of Song Gaozong's surrender to the Jin state were that, firstly, the old Song people in the north lost their sense of belonging to the Southern Song Dynasty, and secondly, the Southern Song Dynasty bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats lost their fighting spirit to restore the country and settled for peace. Since the signing of the Shaoxing Peace Agreement, Song Gaozong's wavering heart has completely settled down. The Southern Song Dynasty essentially established its capital in Lin'an, ushering in the peaceful period that lasted for more than a century.
Although Song Gaozong was greedy for life and afraid of death, and feared money as much as a tiger, from the perspective of protecting half of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty, his political achievements could still be regarded as "Shao Zuo Zhongxing". Under his rule, the Jiangnan area lived and worked in peace and contentment most of the time, except for the war in the early Southern Song Dynasty. However, the stability and prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty could not solve Song Gaozong's fertility defects. Because he was frightened while escaping from the pursuit of the Jin people, it was difficult for Song Gaozong to have any heirs. In addition, most of the descendants of Song Taizong were captured by the Jin people. He was so miserable that he had to look for suitable successors from the descendants of Song Taizu. After some investigation and experience, Zhao Wei, the seventh grandson of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, became the crown prince of Song Gaozong and changed his name to Zhao Yu, who would become Song Xiaozong in the future.
Portrait of Song Xiaozong. Source: Internet
As soon as the prince was established, Song Gaozong, who was in his prime, had the intention of abdicating the throne in favor of someone worthy of his throne.
Regarding his thoughts on abdicating the throne, Song Gaozong stated in the edict:
"Because of my bad conduct and hard work, I rest with the blessings of my ancestors in heaven and earth. I have been in the position of An for thirty-six years. I have been worried and toiled for thousands of years, and I have spent every night in fear. Due to many reasons, I have not been able to relieve my burden gracefully and retire to a healthy life. . Today, I am despicable and rough, but I can fulfill my original intention. And the prince (Zhao) Weiyu Deyuncheng, the divine weapon is entrusted, I am very humble."
From the perspective of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, his thirty-six years in power were "due to the time and many stories", and he felt particularly tired. He just wanted to "retire and live a long and healthy life". It just so happened that in these days, things in Song and Phnom Penh had stopped for a while, so it was time to abdicate. A good time to give way. As for the accusations and abuses in the public that he feared gold like a tiger and killed loyal people, on the eve of his abdication, Song Gaozong summoned many ministers to accuse him face to face: "I have committed many unethical mistakes while in office, and I rely on your ministers and others to cover them up." This attitude. , seems to be confessing his past to the outside world.
However, after abdicating, he showed no trace of the guilt he felt before abdicating.
After Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty retired, he lived in Qin Hui's original residence. In order to show his filial piety, after Song Xiaozong ascended to the throne, he immediately changed the name of this place to Deoksugong Palace and stipulated that "Deshou Palace should receive a monthly income of 40,000 guan", so that Song Gaozong could live a retired life with no worries about food and clothing. You must know that in the Song Dynasty, when high salaries were used to support integrity, even high-ranking officials such as Grand Master, Privy Councilor, and Councilor for Political Affairs had the highest monthly salary of only 400 guan. Compared with Song Gaozong's 40,000 guan, the gap is huge.
But even so, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty often felt that he was short of money and took the lead in illegal activities to generate income. At the beginning of his abdication, he allowed the eunuch Liang Kangmin and others to open a wine warehouse and sell wine privately. In the Song Dynasty, this was a "violation of the prohibition of drinking wine". According to the law, he should be punished with Guizhou noodles, a cane, and a prison sentence of 500 miles. Therefore, as soon as Song Gaozong's violation of the ban came out, Yuan Fu, who dared to criticize the emperor face to face, spoke out and asked Song Gaozong to give a reasonable explanation for the matter. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was "furious" when he heard about it and put pressure on Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty. In the end, the matter could only end hastily with the royal wine brewed in Deoksugung Palace to feed the emperor.
Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty lived this extremely luxurious life for twenty-five years. The construction of Deoksugung Palace after nearly a thousand years has indeed amazed archaeologists. But the paradise of Deoksugung Palace must lead to the endless underground purgatory.
04
In October of the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, who was living in luxury at Deoksugung Palace, finally passed away at the age of 81.
When Song Gaozong died, his funeral was easy to organize, but before the burial, the officials who selected the mausoleum had another quarrel. The reason is that when the Xiufengling Division was building the palace of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he discovered that "the land in Erzhe is thin and low, and it is easy to see water. If no measures are taken, it will be inconvenient." Water seepage in imperial mausoleums was a taboo no matter which dynasty it was in. However, after all, the "Five Surnames Surnames" is the law of imperial tomb feng shui set by the Emperor's Mausoleum in the early Song Dynasty. In the end, to copy the tradition of the Central Plains, or to follow the customs and adapt to local conditions, it has become the most headache for the monarchs of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Xiu Fengling Division finally took out a temporary solution: "Do not paint a copy of the stone collection of the stone, and also take the part of the wall to the stone to build a stone wall. It is a flat with Shizang. Although the workpiece is doubled, it may be wet. "It means that the mausoleum uses the soil pits vertical acupoint and lower the sarweed coffin (stone Tibetan). Correctly filled with glue soil to prevent moisture.
Song Gaozong Yongsing's Tombs. Photo source: Chen Chaoyun's "Northern and Northern Song Tombs"
Although the Palace of the Southern Song Dynasty was only the temporary destination of the coffin of the emperor, the emperors obviously did not want to see the "underground" too shabby. As a result, in accordance with the construction of the mausoleum since the Tang and Song dynasties, the Palace of the Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty also set up a "lower palace" building dedicated to sacrifice. At the same time, in the royal royal royal family of Song Gaozong Yongsing, some of them also covered a three -faced palace in accordance with the style of the Song Dynasty palace, and a building of the same face was "" behind the palace, named "". Song Gaozong's tomb was excavated and built in this underground.
Since the Emperor Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty is not a regular tomb of the Emperor's Mausoleum, there is no narrow tomb channel, which will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of the funeral process of Song Gaozong.
Since the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin deeply felt that the funeral ceremony of the former dynasty was cumbersome and simplified the funeral process. The Xiu Fengling Division of the Southern Song Dynasty was able to formulate a new set of regulations for the burial of the later emperors in order to deal with the problem of the lack of tombs in the emperor's tomb. Then settle down the body, set the Tianpan 曩 网 to the 椁 ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ，. After the burial of the Zi Palace, "Qiao Qiao was used as a pressurerack, and more than 20 pieces of heavy cypress wood and Hangzhou were paved. That is to say, after the craftsmen of the Southern Song Dynasty dug the royal (tomb), they put the Emperor Coffin in a fixed position, and then built above the royal royal family. In the future, there is really "Wang Shibei Ding Central Plains Day", and then relocated to the tomb of Gongyi emperor. It can be seen that the Southern Song Emperor's Mausoleum is really humble.
As Song Gaozong was the first emperor after the south of the Song Dynasty, his mausoleum specifications naturally became a model of the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty later.
05
Song Gaozong's Gong Palace completely copied the model of the "Five Surnames". In the eyes of the local ministers, it is a sign of the dead country. To this end, after the collapse of Song Gaozong, the Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty from time to time took the issue of the tomb burial land to discuss and defense, which made Song Xiaosong unrequited.
As a veritable filial piety, Song Xiaosong did not dare to "perform surgery" for his ancestors and ancestors. After Song Gaozong's diet, Song Xiaosong, who was burnout, also had an abdication to let Xianxian. Song Gaozong's funeral was not finished, and Song Xiaosong privately revealed to Hong Mai, a bachelor of Duanming Hall, revealed that he wanted to pass the idea to the prince Zhao Yan, so that Hong Mai was prepared early and supported him at any time.
Song Gaozong's collapse for only one year and four months, namely in February of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), Song Xiaozong held an internal meditation ceremony in the Ziyi Hall, and became a emperor and lived in Chonghua Palace (formerly De Shou Palace).
However, the successor selected by Song Xiaozong is far less filial. Since he retired from the Palace of Chonghua, Song Guangzong Zhao Yan has made him angry from time to time. Zhao Yan's Queen's palace queen Li Fengniang is one of the famous latter in history. Song Xiaozong lived in Chonghua Palace and did not enjoy the illness of Qingfu for a few years. In the five years of Shaoxi (1194), he died at the age of 68.
As soon as Song Xiaosong died, the problem of the selection of the Emperor Tomb came again to the Tang Dynasty.
According to the law of the "Five Surnames", the court selected Jidi for Song Xiaosong under the west side of Song Gaozong's Yongsuling. However, when the Royal Engineering team entered the construction, it was discovered that this so -called "Ji Di", "Earth meat is shallow, and there is water stone", even if it imitates Yongsi Ling to Song Xiaosong Yongfu Ling, add two "Shizang Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan "Zi", it is impossible to solve the problem of the drainage of the emperor's tomb. In view of these special circumstances, Sun Fengji, the minister who was ordered to review the site selection of the Mausoleum, suggested that "don't be wide and the moon, don't ask for Jiji to be the top." A proper solution.
Seeing that the Song Dynasty had been bullied since the change of Jingkang, Zhu Xi, then the master of science, who was at the time of Huanzhang Pavilion, could not help but have the anger of "mourning his misfortune and anger". In the world of science, he advocated the hot sausage of the ancient road, and advocated full resistance to gold and revived the outline. Therefore, by this time for Song Xiaosong's choice of land, Zhu Xi submitted a "Mountain Tombs" to the court, and the disadvantages of "Guo Yin" will always be unable to comprehensively comprehensive ZTE's fault after the south of the Song Dynasty. , Attributed to the location of the "Five Surnames Lisheng" site selection.
Zhu Xi portrait. Source: Internet
Zhu Xi believes that the ancient burial method, "The burial is also a collection, so the remains of the ancestor test also. The dead soul of the ancestors in choosing land is the blessing of the ancestors. For Zhu Xiaoshi's grandson, to preserve the gods of the ancestors, he is so respectful and sincere, the sacrifice is endless, and then uses a "Ji Di", and then use it. Today, the Southern Song Dynasty was steadily observed in the "Five Surnames". When choosing a cemetery, he failed to listen to the opinions of the masters of public teachers in various places. The tradition will encounter big calamities in the future.
In order to provide supportive arguments for their own arguments, Zhu Xi said in the "Mountain Tombs Theory":
Since the relocation of Yong'an (Zhao Kuangyin's father, Zhao Hong Yin Yin Ling), this method has been adopted. Gaozong ZTE, north of the Malaysia, Shouhuang (Xiaozong) resumed from the side of Dadong. As for Siling (Song Gaozong Zhao Gou Ling Tomb), it also used its law, and after the death of Shouhuang, he immediately rose. Taishang (Guangzong) is in violation of Yuyu, and even inferiority. Chishan also used its law, and Zhuang Wen (Prince) and Wei Di (Zhao Kai) thanked them one after another. If you say good or bad people, it is not the place, not abolished, and why it is prosperous, then the saying of "Guo Yin" is useless. What if it is a faith, and if it is strict? If it is said that its law is experienced, it is not possible to change it, then Luo and Yue Zhuling all sit south to the north. The solid has been in line with the national sound, and the few is the fierce and fierce?
Zhu Xi's point of view is clear, that is, to abandon the "Five Surnames", recruit geographical divisions in Jiangxi or Fujian, and re -examine the cemetery.
As soon as this theory came out, a stir in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, many officials who maintained the Song Dynasty still insisted that Zhu Xi's feng shui view was very separated from the rebellion. It turned out to be there.
06
Zhu Xi's foresight was relentlessly discarded, but the condemnation would not let the children of the Song Dynasty.
From the beginning to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Law of the "Five Surnames" was adhered to the Law of the "Five Surnames", and when the Song Ningzong cultivated the Yongmao Mausoleum, Shanghuangshan fell from the Empress Dowager Model, all the way to the west, and there was no available mountain tomb land. At that time, Song Lizong, who was in the reign, had to demolish the only Guyong Taining Temple in the mausoleum to pray for the royal blessing to drive the monks away to cultivate the tomb of Song Ningzong.
It was the decision of this "yin and yang" that Song Ling encountered a disaster.
During the reign of Song Lizong, the Golden Dynasty in the north also declined, and the Song Dynasty had the opportunity to shame before the snow. However, since the death of the Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty's Song room returned to an aggressive situation and lost himself in the drunk gold fans until the Mongolian army from the northern grassland swept Yunei. In February of the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), accompanied by the failure of the Yashan naval battle, the Southern Song Dynasty completely lost the hope of recovery.
Portrait of Song Lizong. Source: Internet
In the unified Yuan Dynasty, the former Gyeonggi Shaoxing became part of Jiangnan Province. In order to restrain the mood of the Song Dynasty survivors, Yang Yanzhen, the monk Yang Yanzheng, who was often photographed by Jiangnan Shijiao, was used as the support of the Yuan Dynasty Gong Sang Ge in Yuan Dynasty. A robbery of the officially acquiescation began.
According to the "Gui Xin Miscellaneous Consciousness" of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Yanzhen and others swarmed into the Songling of Song. In the presence of guarding the mausoleum, this group of gangsters were afraid of fear. They first dug up the tombs such as Ning Zong, Lizong, and Queen Ning Zong Yang. The head is cut off and made into a wine device for rewards for the Yuan Dynasty.
After this incident, the people in the Jiangnan area were filled with indignation. Shaoxing righteous Tang Yan and others all made their family wealth, and organized personnel to be used as beggars, farmers, and medicine recoils to search for the emperor's post -relics in the mountains and grass, and buried them in Lanting Mountain outside Shaoxing City, and attracted the South and Song dynasties. The winter green trees of the court were planted in the mountains, thinking the mark.
After the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, the head of the Ministry of Industry, Gu Bingyi, to Peiping (that is, Yuan Dadu) to obtain Li Zong skull, and combined with the "Palace Map" in Zhejiang and the winter green tree marks on the Lanting Mountains outside Shaoxing City. The remains of the emperor belonged to the original acupoint, Zhuling sealed soil tree monuments, repairing the wall of the palace, planting pine trees, so that it would restore the original appearance as much as possible.
At the same time, in order to avoid being destroyed by the Emperor's Mausoleum in the Southern Song Dynasty, Ming Taizu directly assigned the Baoshan area as a penalty area, and the people were strictly forbidden to go up the mountain to fell.
Although Ming Taizu has made great efforts to restore and protect the "Song Liuling", since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, social turmoil and people's livelihood wither, the court has gradually neglected the care, cultivation and management of Songling. As time passed, Song Ling eventually was annihilated by a tea garden.
Today, the towering emperor's tomb has only ancient pine. No one knows their origin, but their standing still stubbornly symbolizes the storms of the Southern Song Dynasty.
