In fact, this nobleman had a good idea. If the countries surrounding the Ming Dynasty united, Zhu Youjian would indeed consider it. That’s right, just think about it.
After all, although the current Ming Dynasty equipment is not too much in Zhu Youjian's mind, from the perspective of the past life, the equipment of the Ming Dynasty's ordinary army has reached the level of the First World War.
The strength of Ming's elite army has reached the level of World War II.
Although Ming Dynasty has not yet become an industrial country, its steel output is already high.
The steel industry is the basic industry of a society. The industrial development history of various countries in the modern world shows that with steel, machines, the entire industry and the national economy can develop rapidly. In the Ming Dynasty, iron and steel production developed to a very high level. Its scale, output, and technology exceeded that of any dynasty in the history of our country, and it ranked among the best in the world. In this process, private private iron smelting continues to develop and grow, while state-owned iron and steel smelting continues to decrease...ωwＷ.ＱＱＸＳＮΕＷ
The policy at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty was that if the state had a small amount of iron in stock, if iron was urgently needed, furnaces would be smelted in designated iron ore areas. If the stock of iron was large enough to be used, government-run iron smelting would be suspended and the people would be allowed to mine on their own in these mining areas. The state followed the ten Iron lessons are levied at a rate of one-fifth. Outside the designated mining areas, officials sometimes suggested setting up state-owned iron smelting, but Zhu Yuanzhang severely rebuked it and even exiled the officials who made the suggestions overseas. In May of the 15th year of Hongwu, Wang Yundao, an official in Guangping Prefecture (now in Hebei Province, then part of Henan), said that Linshui Town in Cizhou produced iron. In the Yuan Dynasty, one million kilograms of iron could be harvested here in a year. He suggested that Zhu Yuanzhang proceed as usual. As a result, Zhu Yuanzhang Answer: I have heard that in order to govern the world, there will be no virtuous people left in the world, but if I don’t hear that there will be no left-over people in the world who will benefit from it. Moreover, the benefit does not lie with the officials, but with the people. If the people benefit from it, the sources of benefits will flow through and benefit the officials; if the officials take advantage of them, the sources of benefits will be blocked and it will harm the people. Today, there is still a lot of iron being smelted, there is no shortage of military supplies, and the people's livelihood has been determined. If this is repeated, it will be disturbed again, and it will drive fifteen thousand families into the iron smelting. The stick flows overseas. Wang Yundao made a well-intentioned suggestion to increase the country's income, but was "smuggled overseas". In areas like Linshui Town in Cizhou, the private sector was bound to smelt iron for profit. The Ming government seemed not only to have not opened an iron smelting institute, but also not to have iron classes. In the 25th year of Hongwu's reign, there was a large-scale national furnace smelting. In September of the 28th year of Hongwu's reign, "Records of the Ming Dynasty" recorded: "It has been three years since the furnaces were opened in various places, and there were three thousand pieces of iron stored in the inner treasury. More than 7,430,000 kilograms. Since there is so much iron stored in the warehouse, various iron smelters have been ordered to stop all iron smelting, so that the people can extract and smelt by themselves. And the yearly transportation course takes two of every thirty cents." The furnace has been open for three years to store iron. More than 37.43 million kilograms should be the result of the original iron quotas stipulated by various places, plus the addition of furnace smelting and less consumption. Less than two and a half years later, officials reported that there was not enough iron in stock and applied for reopening the furnace. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the furnace be temporarily opened for one year: "The minister of the Ministry of Industry said: The iron smelters have been settled everywhere for a long time, and the iron storage in the inner warehouse is limited. , and the construction cost is very high, and I am afraid that it will not be enough every year. I have ordered that the furnaces be temporarily opened for one year, and then we can stay again." From the above, it can be seen that the official iron production in the early Ming Dynasty completely depended on the needs of the government, and when necessary, designated The iron smelting plant opened the furnace for smelting and stopped when it was not needed. The scale of private iron production has always been large. Some scholars seem to have a misunderstanding. They thought that private private mining and smelting was allowed only in the 28th year of Hongwu. For example, Huang Qichen said: "In the 28th year of Hongwu (AD 1395), the Ming government was forced to order the dismissal of various officials. Smelting, allowing private individuals to freely mine and smelt, and pay two-thirtieths of the tax based on output." From the records of the 15th year of Hongwu cited above, there are no restrictions on private individuals in mining areas outside of official operations. Zhu Yuanzhang said, "The benefits do not lie with the officials, but with the people. If the people benefit from it, the sources of benefit will flow through and benefit the officials.” If the people are not allowed to freely mine and smelt iron, there will be no benefit to the people. Private mining was allowed in the 28th year of Hongwu's reign, which meant that the 13 government-run iron smelting stations originally designated were also open to private individuals. Stopping official smelting in various places was not forced, but was an active choice after the iron storage in the inner warehouse met the needs of the country. After the cessation of official smelting, most iron smelting craftsmen will not change careers, but will change from serving the country to seeking personal profit. The amount of iron produced should not decrease, and may even increase driven by profit. Since the quantity of privately produced iron is not within the statistical scope of the Ming government, 18.47 million kilograms is closer to the sum of the quota figures allocated to various places in a certain period of time. The iron courses outside of this are just a formality, so it is difficult to get a truly accurate estimate. After Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, the number of iron lessons on the official books increased greatly. This was mainly due to the inefficiency of the government-run iron smelting and its gradual depletion. The iron lessons originally collected in the form of government compensation may be more in the form of ordinary iron lessons. Appear. Therefore, the increase in iron class figures is not only the increase in output, but also the result of changes in statistical methods. Of course, there is another possibility. 18.47 million kilograms is the real iron output of the country, including government and private enterprises, in the early Hongwu period. But calculated this way, the increase in iron production after Xuande was too amazing to be believed. Comparing the figures of iron courses in some places with the iron production quota figures in the early Ming Dynasty can illustrate some problems: in the fifth year of Tianshun, the number of private iron courses in Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province was 500,000 to 600,000 jins, which was converted into an iron output of about 8 million jins; while in Hongwu The quota given to Shanxi during the period was only 1,146,917 kilograms. The private iron output of Yangcheng County alone was more than seven times the quota for Shanxi Province during the Hongwu period. In the ten years of Jiajing, the private iron output of Guangdong Province in terms of tax and silver was 2,764 10,000 jins, which is about 1.5 times the national quota of 18.47 million jins in the early Ming Dynasty. Guangdong Province alone exceeded the national quota by 50%.
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[Emperor Chongzhen’s AFK System] []
Guangdong's quota in the early Ming Dynasty was 1,896,641 kilograms, accounting for about one-tenth of the national proportion. Assuming that private iron production accounted for a similar proportion in the country during the Jiajing period, the national private iron production at this time would be 269.23 million kilograms. After conversion, it is approximately The output is 160,000 tons. This is at the same level as the total European steel production of 140,000 tons to 180,000 tons in the early 18th century. However, no matter how it is calculated, "steel production in the Ming Dynasty reached the highest level in our country's history" and "steel production in the middle and late Ming Dynasty not only reached the highest level in our country's history, but also ranked first in the world." Such a conclusion , there is no problem with its correctness. The scale and technology of private iron smelting in the Ming Dynasty were not only a huge improvement over previous generations, but were also the most advanced in the world at that time. Foshan Town in Guangdong developed into an iron smelting and casting center during the Chenghua and Hongzhi years, forming a typical industrialized city with more than 20,000 to 30,000 smelting and casting workers. The largest government-run Zunhua Iron Works had the largest number of people. 2500 people. The Longxi iron smelting blast furnace in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province has as many as 500 to 700 people per furnace. During the Wanli period, six to seven thousand people mined iron ore in Wenyu Mountain, Xia County, Shanxi Province. To the west of Jizhou, North Zhili, nearly 10,000 people gathered for mining and iron smelting during the Jiajing period. The bottle furnace used by the people in the late Ming Dynasty was larger than the official furnace. It could usually produce 3,600 kilograms of iron a day and night, and could produce more than 6,000 kilograms of iron a day. Piston blowers have been used in private ironmaking, and their structure and function are consistent with modern blowing equipment. European technology in this area lags far behind the Ming Dynasty. The relatively simple triangular wooden bellows was only invented in the 16th century, and the rectangular wooden bellows was even later. As for the blower that uses a piston to push and compress air, "this was already in the late 18th century." It’s something.” The series smelting process of raw and wrought iron invented in the Ming Dynasty greatly improved production efficiency. In addition, coal-based iron smelting was also promoted to a greater extent: Song Yingxing said in "Tiangong Kaiwu": "Whenever the furnace uses charcoal to burn iron, coal is used as the main source. Seventeenth, charcoal ranks thirteenth... The earthen blast furnace has also been greatly improved, and the iron smelting furnace and the iron frying furnace can be used in series. Fang Yizhi said in "Little Knowledge of Physics": "Every iron furnace is made of salt and mud, and it is not fried into pig iron... When the melt flows, it is left in a square pond, sprinkled with dry mud, and stirred with willow sticks. It's done." This iron smelting technology reduces the remelting process when frying wrought iron, shortens the time for frying and smelting wrought iron, and reduces costs. It is an important achievement in the history of iron smelting. The Suzhou Steel smelting method invented in the Ming Dynasty is a new development of steel filling smelting technology. Modern smelting expert Zhou Zhihong said: "Suzhou Steel smelting method has not been invented similarly abroad. It is obviously a creative invention... The whole process is suitable for modern metallurgical principles. , without using a crucible, a method of pouring iron and oxidizing it was created to separate the slag and iron into relatively pure tool steel. This is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient Chinese steelmaking workers." Pig iron pouring technology is also a unique creation of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Kuan "History of the Development of Iron Smelting Technology in Ancient China": What deserves more attention is that when forging the cutting edges of tools and weapons in the Ming Dynasty, the method of pouring pig iron was used to give the cutting edges a surface layer of steel structure. The pig iron pouring technology is used to make the production tools originally made of wrought iron or low carbon steel have a scratch layer of a certain thickness on the surface, including a carburized layer and a pig iron cladding layer (the carburized layer has the properties of high carbon steel) , reaching the requirements of hard surface, internal flexibility, wear resistance and durability. In the Ming Dynasty, the method of pouring pig iron on several clamped wrought iron sheets was a step forward compared to the method of pouring pig iron on coiled wrought iron bars before the Song Dynasty. ...The Suzhou Steel smelting method in the late Ming Dynasty took another step forward. ...The pig iron pouring technology after the mid-Ming Dynasty was also the development of Suzhou Steel's smelting method, which played a great role in improving the performance of production tools. "Research on Social Transformation in the Late Ming Dynasty" said: "The steel-making technology of the Ming Dynasty was far ahead of the world at that time. It was not until the 18th century that Europe invented the method of putting wrought iron and pig iron in a crucible to make steel." After the endless coma. , Shi Yu suddenly stood up from the bed. If you want to read the latest chapters, please download the Star Reading app and read the latest chapters for free without ads. The website has not updated the latest chapter content, but the Xingxing Reading APP has updated the latest chapter content.
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[Emperor Chongzhen’s AFK System] []
He took a big breath of fresh air, his chest trembling.
Confused, confused, and all kinds of emotions came to my mind.
Where is this?
Afterwards, Shi Yu subconsciously observed his surroundings, and then became even more confused.
A single dormitory?
Even if he was successfully rescued, he should be in the ward now.
And my body...how could I not have any injuries at all?
With doubts, Shi Yu's eyes quickly swept across the room, and finally his eyes rested on a mirror beside the bed.
The mirror showed his current appearance. He was about seventeen or eighteen years old, and he looked very handsome.
But the problem is, this is not him! Download the Star Reading app and read the latest chapters for free without ads.
My previous self was a handsome young man in his twenties who had been working for a while.
And now, no matter how you look, this appearance is that of a high school student...
This change made Shi Yu stunned for a long time.
Don't tell him that the operation was successful...
The body and appearance have changed. This is not a matter of surgery or not, but magic.
He turned into a completely different person!
Could it be...that he traveled through time?
In addition to the mirror placed by the bedside, which was obviously not feng shui-friendly, Shi Yu also found three books next to it.
Shi Yu picked it up and took a look. The title of the book instantly silenced him.
"Essential Animal Breeding Manual for Beginner Breeders"
"Postpartum Care of Pet Pets"
"Evaluation Guide for Interracial Beast-Eared Girls"
Shi Yu:? ? ?
The names of the first two books are pretty normal, but what happened to the last one?
"cough."
Shi Yu looked solemnly and stretched out his hand, but his arm soon stiffened.
Just when he was about to open the third book and see what it was about, his brain suddenly felt a sharp pain, and a large number of memories came flooding back.
Icefield City.
Pet animal breeding base.
Intern pet breeder. The website is about to be closed. Download the Star Reading app to provide you with the hang-up system of Emperor Chongzhen of the Great God Deep Water’s Salted Fish.
