One day at the end of July, Saint Jose and his wife Yin Lianna watched an opera at the famous Blanca City Theater, the recently popular "Eagle Without Wings", created by the Spanish writer L. de Turner. The script was introduced by the cultural department of Blanca City and was approved by San Jose.
The content of the opera is not very important. He is not interested. The name alone is very Argentinian. For new Argentines, Blanca is a hodgepodge. Spanish is the only communication tool. In addition to school studies, some culture Dissemination is also necessary. As for its use, only God knows.
However, he obviously underestimated this national-level work. Coupled with the casting of the Blanca City Opera Company and Mr. *** personally signing for the introduction, this opera quickly became popular in Blanca. Several opera houses almost performed every performance. Full.
Originally he didn't want to come, after all, he was still very busy with work recently, but for his wife Yin Lianna's small request, which was just to have a date with Saint Jose, he certainly didn't dare to refuse to go.
After the two of them dressed up, under the protection of the guards, they went to the opera house to spend the night. The opera was actually quite good. He held Yin Lianna's hand tightly.
He can still shamelessly say that the person he loves most is still Yin Lianna, and the Cohen family continues to grow because of Yin Lianna, even though he already has a lot of illegitimate children outside, and he prides himself on contributing to the prosperity of the Argentine nation.
For many couples in Blanca City, having a baby is a happy event. People do not resist having children. Blanca City is experiencing the largest baby boom. From top to bottom, from the La Pampa Provincial Hall to civil servants Lead by example and take it as an honor to have more children.
For St. Jose, watching opera is actually a rare leisure time for him after work.
After all, he was still full of guilt for Yin Lianna.
In fact, going to the opera is only a decent pastime for the upper class and wealthy people in Blanca City. Ordinary people are reluctant to part with an opera ticket that costs as much as 30 US dollars. The folk customs are still quite simple, and they are more willing to pay 100-200 pesos to go there. movie, or spend 200 pesos to watch a wonderful football match. You can enjoy a visual feast with only half a day's salary.
The development of local opera in Argentina is not particularly good, and Saint Jose himself did not do much research on it.
At the theater, San Jose also met with some of Blanca's new business bosses.
In Sanjesé’s view, Blanca is completely sufficient to supply the entire Argentine domestic market. Argentina’s prosperous and smooth railway network can meet relatively low-cost freight needs.
Blanca City is also an Argentinian super port with sea and land transport. Its total import and export cargo throughput has even exceeded one-half of the combined volume of Buenos Aires, Rosario and La Plata.
In this exciting and crazy era, San Jose is determined to carry out innovation, promotion and progress that are completely different in the history of Argentina's development. Import and export business and trade are becoming more and more prosperous. The prosperity of commerce and trade promotes industrial development, which in turn feeds the financial industry and other service industries. A virtuous cycle is formed.
The province of La Pampa is playing an important role in Argentina's industrialization. In particular, the development of heavy and chemical industries has always been a top priority, and San Jose is also taking the lead. It is related to the success or failure of Argentina's industrialization. Through the extensive use of foreign exchange and foreign loans, The establishment of a small industrial base like Blanca City is also the confidence of Saint Jose to resist foreign investment.
Today, the business community of La Pampa Province built by San Jose has begun to take shape. The wealth is not much, and most of them are still engaged in low-end manufacturing, but they are obviously ready to face greater challenges. preparation.
Although they are far less powerful than the Cohen Consortium, with the establishment of a financing system by a large number of listed companies such as the Argentine National Stock Exchange, St. Jose has invested pieces of financial fuel to promote the transformation of these motley armies into regular armies.
In the battle with foreign capital, they grew and developed rapidly, and some declined, but new business families also emerged and continued to transform.
Most of these factories and companies are not particularly technologically advanced and basically started from light industry. Except for industrial giants like Hans Steel, which developed from the technology of La Plata Steel Plant, the typical
As for Buno Electronics, most of them still started in industries with relatively low technical content such as textiles, clothing, trade, food, construction, and real estate. In particular, the light industry sector has produced a large number of rich people, supplementing the city of Blanca. industrial system.
After making their first pot of gold and achieving financial freedom, the ambitious wealthy people slowly entered industries with higher technology content and higher profits under the guidance and support of Saint Hesse. Some of them took the initiative to enter in pursuit of high profits. , this is what San Jose needs, he needs more excellent companies.
Of course, there are exceptions. For example, for Leighton Automobile, some went directly to Europe to buy third- and fourth-hand production lines to set up motorcycle factories. As a result, they made a lot of money. There were also special auto parts factories to produce supporting parts for domestic and foreign automobile factories in Argentina. For components, the proportion of these factories is relatively small, because the barriers to entry in this industry are high, whether it is capital or technology, except for those who are rich themselves, like the Ditelia family.
Hans Steel, led by the Hans family, is extremely successful and is very interested in mining iron ore in Bolivia and Brazil. It is also very keen on mining coal mines in South Africa and Australia, hoping to obtain higher profits from it.
San Jose also strongly supports Simon Hans, the boss of Hans Steel. Hans Steel Plant was established with the support of La Plata Steel Plant from the beginning and is almost a replica of La Plata Steel Plant.
What's even more amazing about Simon Hans is that he has a younger brother, Ruben Hans, who is a genius in business management. With his help, the Hans family now has Hans Metallurgical Industry and Hans Machinery. , Hans Chemical and a large number of factories, it is the largest industrial complex in Blanca City.
The Hans family has been completely tied to the chariot of St. Hesse. In order to continue to support the Hans family, in addition to the steel industry, he has successively supported the Hans family to enter the three major industries of metallurgy, machinery, and chemical industry, respectively with Cohen. The consortium has established a large number of cooperation with state-owned factories in La Pampa Province, and is supported by loans from Barron's Bank and Industrial Bank of La Pampa.
The second most important thing is the Rhodes family. The Rhodes family is also full of talents, especially the second generation. In addition to his strong ability and ability to hug people, his biggest feature is his ability to have children. He has four wives, who work together for him. She has given birth to 19 children and is still making babies, responding to La Pampa Province’s fertility policy. This is one of the reasons why Saint Jose values Rhodes very highly.
Moreover, the Rhodes family has done a good job in education, and most of the children they have trained are outstanding. Five of their adult children have basically graduated from prestigious universities such as the University of Cordoba, the University of La Plata and the University of Rosario. According to his own boast, his third daughter, who will take the university exam this year, is likely to be admitted to the University of Buenos Aires.
Rhodes made his fortune with the Barut Textile and Garment Group. After acquiring Snowbel Chemicals, he began to accumulate a lot of wealth and make a lot of profits. Moreover, Anderpez Rhodes was extremely capable and had a long-term vision, so he received a lot of help from Saint Hesse.
In addition to its main business, it has successively established Rode Steel, Rode Automobile, Rode Machinery Factory, Rode Metallurgical Company, and Rode Auto Parts Factory. It has also reached cooperation with the Cohen Consortium and received support from several important banks.
The third largest family supporting San Jose is the Martinez family. The Martinez trade, Martinez textile, Martinez mining, and Martinez food they lead are among the top in Blanca City.
Moreover, the Martin family has extensive influence on the Patagonia region and is currently the only established family in Blanca City that can survive the economic explosion and live well.
The Martinez family has completely surrendered to St. Jose, and St. Jose reciprocated by allowing the Martinez family to obtain cooperation orders from state-owned factories and organizing personnel to cooperate in developing the rich mineral resources in Patagonia.
In addition, there are the Ditelia Automobile Factory and the Ditelia Electrical Appliances Factory led by the Ditelia family, as well as some new local giants that have also begun to exert influence.
Others include Nulain Industries, Mayne Manufacturing Company, Catlin Textile, which is fully entering the textile industry, Fieldston Textile Company, Shazer Textile Company (Daxing Textile), a Chinese-dominated company, Capchi Construction Engineering (Qingyun Construction Engineering), Ma Enns Architecture (Jade Architecture), Indian-led Masanina Clothing.
Brazilian-born Preto Trade, Indian-dominated Ayodia Textile, and the new daily chemical giant Sai
Linna Industries, Blue Federal Chemicals, Alberto Pharmaceuticals, Masson Pharmaceuticals, Brida Energy, Blue Harbor Electric, Belgrano Shipyard, Valentin Trading, Visa Trading, Temonoma Motorcycle Company , Teston Shoes, Lester Shoes, Knight Shoes, and Dilut Defense have been able to form a powerful force.
Except for a group of upstarts such as Buono Electronics who were absorbed by foreign capital for some reasons, most of the emerging industrial and commercial families in Blanca City are growing at a high speed, and their asset size, sales, and profits are growing simultaneously.
Most of the sales of these new giants are between 5 million and 15 million US dollars, and several have exceeded 10 million US dollars. Most of them only grew to this scale this year. They have obtained a large amount of funds through listing. Among them, most of the new immigrants have The ones that stand out are the Chinese, Indians and Brazilians, and they also have the support of Saint Jose.
Most of the new local business families are of Italian origin, and they are also very good at trade and commerce.
Hispanics rank second in number, with relatively few descendants from other countries.
Among Germans, only the Hans family exists.
What is special is the Dilute Security and Defense Company led by the new giant Dilute Aragon, which is a comprehensive military defense group with a turnover of more than 7 million US dollars.
Dilut Defense is the only large-scale company dominated by Gauchos in Argentina. It has expanded rapidly in the past two years, contracting many construction projects, defense projects, and also participating in foreign trade. It has accommodated many early supporters of San Jose, such as Jaén. ·Krudic.
Among these emerging large companies, Chinese Americans are a relatively special group. For example, Li Qingyun was an ordinary employee of St. Hesse in the early days. He quit the then Prali Food Factory in Maria City.
Independently established Qingyun Construction Team, and with the help of Saint Jose, it became one of the largest construction giants in Maria City. He is only in his thirties this year. Now he is developing upstream and downstream of construction, rapidly expanding his scale, and entering real estate. And construction raw materials, including steel and cement, have a certain influence.
Other Chinese giants include the Chen family, which leads the Shazer Textile Company, which was renamed from the original Daxing Textile.
Among them, the most famous chemical industry in Blanca City is the Mayan Chemical Department. After the Mayan Chemical Headquarters moved from San Martin City to Blanca City, many outstanding talents left their jobs and founded many chemical companies, including Southern Petroleum. Entrepreneur, but not as big as Maya Chemical Engineering Department.
Many of the new business families in Blanca City are elite talents from the Cohen Consortium, and most of them are helped and supported by Saint Jose. Many of them received their initial business from the Cohen Consortium.
Among the many old people who followed Saint Jose in Cordoba, there were also many who were not capable enough to keep up with the development of the company, so they were arranged to live in some special units for retirement, and they were not treated badly. After all, those with strong abilities rarely could. Enter the small food factory that was originally San Jose.
The only exception is probably the cannery salesmen. Most of the salesmen in the sales department of the Prali Cannery founded in San Jose have achieved financial freedom. These people once spread all over Argentina, making it possible for cans to be sold nationwide. It also established St. Jose's first national sales network, which is still in effect today.
Prairie Foods has long been split into four independent companies. Prairie International was the first to become independent and has completely transformed. Prairie Foods first split off Mirinda and then Vidma Beer, and each developed into an industry giant. .
These salesmen at the cannery are now prospering in the import and export industry in Blanca City. They started as agents for Prali Food products, and later set up their own factories to engage in import and export.
They are a unique entrepreneurial force.
There are also many entrepreneurs from the Lanyun Group. There is almost a small Lanyun Garment Industrial Park in Boska District. Among them, the ones with a scale of more than 1 million US dollars include Teston Shoes, Lester Shoes, and Knight Shoes. , Windsor Clothing, Matena Textile, their bosses are all from Lanyun Textile Factory, and many of them came from Buenos Aires.
Blanca City originally had no textile industry foundation. From the first textile industrial park, the first clothing industrial park, and finally to twenty or thirty large and small clothing and textile industrial parks, Lanyun Textile is the textile and clothing leader in Blanca City. One of the important sources.
Blue Cloud Textile is indispensable for Blanca City's textile and clothing industry output value exceeding 100 million US dollars. This is also a meritorious industry for Blanca City to earn foreign exchange through exports. Moreover, Blue Cloud Textile has a large number of complete brands, OEM, white label, and contract services. A large number of foreign orders are both OEMs and brand sales factories. It is still the largest textile and apparel group in Argentina, with an annual output value of more than 15 million US dollars, exceeding the sum of the next 2-5. However, some textile and apparel upstarts are also working hard to challenge .
There are also many successful entrepreneurs from La Plata Steel Plant, Old Rennes Military Industry, and Blanca Shipyard. Most of them have outstanding abilities. After some experience, they choose to start their own business.
With the rise of the Blanca State Assets Commission, entrepreneurs from the civil service system are also actively involved, especially entrepreneurs from the old investment department. They have more advanced management capabilities and connections with the city hall, and it is also possible to start a business. Quite successful.
In Blanca City, there is also Lucy Miller Labor Service Company, which is known as the largest labor service company in Argentina. Its predecessor is Coen Brothers.
Because they were afraid of having a bad reputation and affecting San Jose's career, the Cohen Brothers Company had long since been canceled by San Jose. Lucien Miller was in charge of the company's operations and had made outstanding contributions to the introduction of international workers to Argentina. As his name suggests, he is a fallen angel.
Under the leadership of San Jose, the Argentine National Stock Exchange radically expanded its scale and the number of listed companies in a short period of time, attracting a large amount of domestic and foreign capital inflows. The two main players are obviously the Cohen Group and Sequoia Capital of the United States.
After the difficult blood loss, the stock exchange quickly became formal, and truly powerful medium and large companies sought to be listed, achieved rapid development, and created a number of new wealth myths.
For San Jose, there may be a lot of capital bubbles, but time waits for no one.
His control over Sequoia Capital in New York is no longer what it used to be, and this important external resource is likely to be forced to give up. Before giving up, he sold a lot of stocks and exchanged them for foreign funds that were injected into the Argentine National Stock Exchange.
Sequoia Capital and Blackstone have withdrawn most of his Argentinian staff, reorganized and formed new corporate activities.
A lot of Sequoia’s capital profits were transferred to London, Paris, Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro, Amsterdam, Sydney and other cities, and new companies were registered and established under the name Prali International, giving up many interests in exchange for the safe landing of funds, among which A large part of the losses were absorbed by Wall Street.
Blanca City is considered the birthplace of Saint Jose, and its status is already higher than that of Saint Martin City that he single-handedly brought up. It is also the iron ticket warehouse of Saint Jose. Most Blanca people are basically die-hard supporters of Saint Jose.
From the mayor of Blanca to the heads of the 21 districts and counties under Blanca, they were all personally promoted by Saint Jose. From the city hall to the parliament, they are all Saint Jose, and they are basically his supporters. .
Of course, the relationship between various districts and counties is more or less competition and cooperation. Except for the core urban areas, the support of other suburbs and counties is lowered by one level, but the territory is relatively large and the potential is greater.
Strictly speaking, the core urban area only has the east and west districts, and the east and west districts were only developed a few years ago.
Except for the east and west districts, most of Blanca City's urban areas were originally ordinary villages or even farms.
This kind of transformation from rural to urban is the completion of the primitive accumulation stage in Blanca City. It is relatively simple to start from scratch. Such planned areas composed of industrial zones and tube buildings form a large urban area with unlimited potential in Blanca City. .
San Jose is now splitting up regions to prevent them from going against the city, while at the same time supporting weak regions and establishing a complete cooperation system.
Therefore, Saint Jose's management of Blanca City cannot be said to be a piece of iron, but it is also impervious to water. At least no one dares to try to compete with Saint Jose on this territory. At most, they may engage in small tricks such as assassinations and assassinations.
Saint Jesé also cares deeply about Blanca City. Any favorable policy is the first support. Blanca City is also developing very fast. From time to time, Saint Jesé regularly cleans up the worms and garbage traitors in Blanca City.
Now Blanca City, this is Argentina
It is the largest industrial goods distribution center in the country. Industrial raw materials from all over the world are continuously transported here through various giant freighters. After the finished products are produced, they are exported to all over the world, and you get a little piece of the cake.
For now, please note that there are still very few forests in Blanca City. Blanca City’s exports are mainly light industrial products and a small number of heavy chemical industrial products, cheap electronic and electrical products, and mechanical products, with not much profit. The advantage is that the price is affordable and the scale is large, which can supplement some needs of the United States and European countries.
For late-developing developing countries and backward countries, they have missed the stage of dividing the cake between the two industrial revolutions. Primitive accumulation is difficult to complete and cannot be accumulated.
Relying on foreign investment to build factories is a shortcut, but it is also poison, or a force that can stimulate the economy in the short term, but after the stimulation, it will cause great damage to the health of the economy.
This is also an important means for the first mover, the United States and the United Kingdom, to obtain the wool of later developing countries.
If it does not have a reliable foundation, it will eventually become a country like Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Even the Four Asian Tigers will still be third-rate countries and not on the table.
[Currently used, it is the most complete and best-used app for listening to books. It integrates 4 major speech synthesis engines, over 100 kinds of sounds, and supports offline reading.
According to more than half of Argentina’s domestic population, this has also brought a wealth of talents and human resources to Blanca City. After all, 95% of them came to Blanca City, and then flowed to the three southern cities and Santa Rosa. .
San Jose also quickly found a fourth weapon against foreign investment, which is the large-scale small and medium-sized enterprises in Blanca City.
The strong support of the policy is reflected in the data during the "economic miracle" of the Battle of Blanca Bay. Small and medium-sized enterprises, factories, family workshops and individual stores made an increasing contribution to the economic development of Blanca City.
First, large-scale individual store merchants developed, then family workshops, and finally small and medium-sized enterprise factories. The advantage of scale is an important factor in promoting the rapid development of Blanca City.
The number of small and medium-sized individual merchants in Blanca City has exceeded 43,000, with an increase of 12,000 from January to June this year alone, exceeding the 11,500 increase last year, and the number is still increasing rapidly.
The Department of Industrial and Commercial Development of Blanca City is the busiest department in the entire province of La Pampa. In order to speed up the registration of commercial enterprises, it has 21 district administration offices. Each district in the central city has 20-30 office offices, and there are 20 offices in the outer districts. 10-15 office locations, at least 5 in the suburbs, can quickly apply for business licenses, and the office hours are from 9 am to 9 pm, working from Monday to Sunday, which is still difficult to meet the needs.
San Jose had to expand its staff in large numbers and deploy new civil servants to expand positions in order to meet the basic needs. Basically, all the documents were prepared, and the business license could be obtained in one day. It can be called the most efficient administrative department in Argentina.
Many small and medium-sized factories have also moved to outer areas for development due to overcrowding in the urban area, which has prospered the entire market.
When St. Hesse built the Tongzi Building, most of the first floor was built in the style of a store. This was an important part of his recovery of construction investment. After all, he could not do charity or business without capital.
And development requires money. Although the Cohen Consortium provided the first pot of gold for the start-up, and several major banks provided financing and loans, it is ultimately impossible for Blanca City’s finances to subsidize the construction of the tube building indefinitely.
Therefore, in the business system, renting out houses and stores is an important step in recycling. At the beginning, San Jose used low rents to allow the floating population who came to Blanca to live quickly, and the dormitories were also rented out to factories at low prices. Although the cost cannot be fully covered in a short period of time, it also brings stable income to Blanca City's finances.
Saint-Jesse used the income to continue to take loans, mortgage the construction of state-owned factories, and carry out industrialization. Then he rented out a large number of stores to help families who were interested in starting a business to open individual stores, family factories, front stores and back factories, and only collected a small amount of tax. After persevering.
Relying on these funds, San Jose established large-scale state-owned factories. Most of these factories have relatively advanced business concepts. Although many of the equipment purchased with foreign exchange are not the latest, they are not very backward. The costs are quickly recovered and profits are created. .
The state-owned factories paid formal taxes, which also expanded the tax sources, and the finances gradually became balanced. The loans were repaid step by step. Then the state-owned factories did better and better, individual stores gradually developed, and the business became more and more prosperous.
Not everyone is willing to enter the factory. After all, factories are not very free, and factory workers need to consume. Many people see business opportunities, rent stores, and open various department stores, clothing stores, restaurants, and bars. , barbecue restaurants, fruit shops, various farmers' markets, decoration shops, hotels, from which you can earn income.
And San Jose has also made Blanca City Hall the largest renter. After many people believed that renting out houses was profitable, many people followed suit, which also allowed Blanca City’s rental market to supply a huge population. With the influx of people, the real estate market in Blanca City has slowly developed. After all, Tongzi Tower is still Tongzi Tower.
Rich people live in large villas and estates, while ordinary people live in Tongzilou. However, the new rich don't have much money, so high-end communities have become a better choice. There is a greater demand for security and quiet. Although Tongzilou is bustling with business, it is a bit noisy. .
These small and medium-sized enterprises and trading companies are particularly active in import and export.
In industries such as textiles, food, furniture, building materials, clothing, and toys where small and medium-sized enterprises are concentrated, small and medium-sized enterprises account for the vast majority, and these enterprises have experienced the "economic miracle"
Export growth figures during this period were staggering.
For example, in the three years from 1955 to 1958, Blanca City's textile industry exports increased by 1451.4% and furniture industry exports by 2602.7%. These ant heroes have made great contributions, and the overall export volume has been close to or even exceeded the Blue Cloud Group.
San Jose has also gradually shifted its focus to supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Their rapid development has given San Jose great confidence. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in La Pampa Province has exceeded 55,000, including more than 8,000 in the three southern cities. Santa Rosa also has 2,000.
Most of these small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly family workshops and small factories. The scale generally does not exceed 20 employees, but they provide more than half of the employment in La Pampa Province, which is very remarkable.
They don't have the resources and funds like Buono Electronics and New Korn Heavy Industries, but they still fight their way out.
“In order to solve the difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is necessary for the La Pampa Provincial Office to take measures to break the existing policy or institutional framework, establish new laws, and introduce more strategies that are beneficial to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. This is very important. necessary."
From 1956 to 1958, the La Pampa government and Blanca City Hall promulgated five laws aimed at promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
These laws, unlike other industrial-specific laws, are specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises.
According to Law No. 180 "Law of Financial Support for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in La Pampa Province" promulgated in 1956, La Pampa Province organized Blanca Commercial Bank and Barron Bank to provide 200 billion pesos in preferential loans to small and medium-sized enterprises in Blanca City. The province The government provides interest subsidies.
"200 billion pesos is not enough to build several large factories, but it will be of great help to help small and medium-sized enterprises develop."
Law No. 188, the "Special Law on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Southern La Pampa Province" promulgated in 1958, provides special preferential loans to the three cities in southern La Pampa Province, which greatly promotes the industrial development process in southern La Pampa Province.
In order to provide a good external environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the La Pampa Provincial Office has adopted a series of preferential policies.
In addition to the preferential financial support policies mentioned earlier, a large number of preferential policies are also provided in taxation, talent, market and other aspects.
For example, setting up tax reduction rates for small and medium-sized enterprises, implementing the Law on Special Tax Measures, taking a lenient attitude towards tax inspections, and even allowing small and medium-sized enterprises to pay less tax or no tax at all, so that small and medium-sized enterprises can survive the difficult period.
In order to alleviate the manpower shortage problem of small and medium-sized enterprises, measures have been taken to introduce additional foreign workers, especially the introduction of international workers to gain support. After all, even if labor is cheap in Argentina, many small factories cannot afford to hire them. Mom-and-pop shops and family workshops are prevalent here.
Saint-Jesse adopts special industrial rent support policies and special loans for entrepreneurs with technical expertise, especially by setting aside office areas, which are provided at low prices or even free of charge.
He also allowed professors from universities in La Pampa Province and researchers from government scientific research institutions to suspend their duties to establish new technology enterprise factories. If the business fails, they can still go back to work.
He stimulated government departments to give priority to purchasing products from small and medium-sized enterprises with new technologies, giving certain preferences in purchase orders, and legislated that at least one-third of orders from government departments should be given to small and medium-sized companies to stimulate and support their development.
Provide tax and financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises for mergers and industrial restructuring, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to attract foreign investment and advanced foreign technologies.
After entering 1957, Blanca City's original large number of workshop-style family factories began to purchase equipment and build factories, rapidly transforming into formalized small and medium-sized enterprises.
Uniting all the forces that can be united is what St. Jose has been doing. He can lead his subordinates and supporters towards a brighter future instead of drawing cakes. This is also his charm. This has also gained more for St. Jose. People support.
