In the past two decades, Buenos Aires has promulgated various laws to promote Argentina's industrialization process. From the five-year plan of the Bilon era to the introduction of foreign investment by Frandisi, it has been exploring the construction of Argentina's industry, but the results have not been as good as before. not so good. old
The Automobile Industry Law promulgated in 1944, the Steel Industry Law 1947, the Petrochemical Industry Law 1951, the Tractor Industry Law 1952, and the Paper Industry Law 1957 are all relatively mature laws.
La Pampa was established relatively late, and very few of these industrial bills have been implemented in La Pampa. The original population was only over 100,000, and there was not enough strength to implement these bills. This was basically for Buenos Aires. Tailor-made for major provinces such as Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe.
In the past, Buenos Aires was mainly positioned as a province of La Pampa as a purely agricultural and animal husbandry province. It did not have its own outlet to the sea. It was mainly attached to the provinces of Cordoba and Buenos Aires. It was Pampa. The intermediate transition zone from the grasslands to the Patagonian plateau.
The old provincial capital of Santa Rosa is near the densely populated area of the province. To the west is the Pampa Valley, the semi-arid Patagonian plateau and mountains with many shrubs. The climate is relatively dry, and there is a small processing industry, which is indeed developing now. It's pretty good.
After the merger with Puerto Blanca, La Pampa Province had the foundation to take off. Its population increased 20 times in five years, from 200,000 to more than 4 million.
With the financial help of Blanca City and administrative division reform, the population of Santa Rosa City exceeded 300,000 last year, and the metallurgical and machinery industries have been developed according to local conditions.
The extraordinary influx of population and the original capital provided by the Cohen Consortium gave La Pampa Province a foundation for industrialization. Otherwise, no matter how good the policy is, it will be empty talk. old
Saint Jose's targets are New Taipei and South Korea. Last year, New Taipei had a population of 10 million and its GDP was US$1.83 billion. South Korea had a population of more than 23 million and its GDP was US$1.9 billion. The total population of La Pampa Province was 4 million, with an economic scale of US$1.4 billion.
Economically speaking, there is not much difference between La Pampa Province and New Taipei. As long as several large industrial projects are put into operation, the industrial development of La Pampa Province can reach a higher level.
La Pampa lacks a financial backer like the United States, but La Pampa is also backed by Argentina.
The new senior official San Jose Cohen localized La Pampa Province based on these bills and promoted their implementation within the first year of taking office. The efficiency and integrity of the reformed La Pampa Provincial Administrative Institutions are also the highest in Argentina. , and he very clearly puts economic growth first in the provincial government office, and economic development above all else.
In the past, the finances of the provincial government office and each city hall were relatively independent, each with its own sources of fiscal revenue and expenditure items. Before the merger of the metropolitan area, the fiscal and taxation powers were concentrated in the provincial government office. La Pampa became the first province in Argentina to complete The centralized provincial government has the ability to pool money to do big things.
In addition to the fact that simple bills and finances were not enough, San Jose quickly promoted the industrial experience of Blanca City. After completing the merger of the metropolitan area, the La Pampa Provincial Office also cooperated with the Argentine National Railway Company to repair and build a new La Pampa The intra-provincial railway is connected to the existing railway and can transport mines, grain, agricultural and animal husbandry products from neighboring provinces more quickly.
By establishing the La Pampa highway system that extends in all directions throughout La Pampa Province, Blanca City has a stable rear. Argentina's developed railway transportation also provides great convenience for highway construction, and exports are also increasing. The more convenient. old
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Saint Jose has achieved certain results in industrialization by absorbing a large number of domestic and foreign immigrants for construction, introducing technology, and cultivating local talents, and relies on the strength of the entire province to develop industry.
From 1953 to 1958, in the five years before and after, with the support of funds from the Cohen Group, Sequoia Investment Bank, local banks in Argentina, Prairie International, the National Stock Exchange of Argentina, the State-owned Assets Commission and various bonds issued, it was With these results it looks good.
Blanca City has signed more than 50 contracts with European countries such as Belgium, Austria, Italy, Federal Germany, and Spain to introduce technologies and production lines, involving iron and steel metallurgy, industrial machinery, metal processing, fuel and electricity, petrochemicals, transportation, and agricultural machinery. , automobile, shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing and other important industrial sectors, including more than 170 commercial entities, 14 research institutes, and 6 universities.
There are 1,000 European experts and more than 5,000 technical personnel working in Blanca City. Major departments and affiliated companies under the Blanca City Hall send personnel to study abroad. Only the Blanca City Industrial Commission and the Blanca City State-owned Enterprise The Assets Committee sent 1,600 managers and engineering technicians to study in Europe, basically from the Cohen Consortium and the state-owned factories of La Pampa Province.
The introduction and training of these talents abroad have greatly enhanced the technology and R&D strength of Blanca's local companies, and also enhanced the overall strength of Blanca City.
Nowadays, labor-intensive manufacturing factories in Blanca City generally use assembly line technology. Workers in textile and garment factories only need to be at the level of primary school students. They can complete assembly operations with almost no skills. Factories have no need or motivation to train intermediate and advanced skilled workers. . old
However, when the industrial structure of Blanca City develops towards the automobile industry and electrical and electronics industry, the supporting role of high-level vocational education will become apparent.
In addition to European technology sources, Blanca City sold a large amount of grain to New China at low prices, and obtained some secret technical assistance in equal exchange. Although the Soviet technology is not as sophisticated as Europe, it does have a lot to offer.
Blanca City relied on importing a large number of foreign machines, sending personnel to study and inspect abroad, analyzing foreign products, introducing the most advanced foreign technical documents, and developing reverse industrialization, which gradually achieved results.
In addition to the introduction of complete sets like Layton Automobile, Maya Chemical, Southern Petroleum, New Cohen Heavy Industry, and La Plata Steel Plant, and then localization, this is a necessary preparation.
However, in St. Hesse's view, the copycat industry has more potential, is low-cost, and has huge benefits. It is also a shortcut.
San Jose is no stranger to copycat weapons. The arms and weapons sector under the Cohen Consortium started with copycat weapons. Limited by Argentina’s local industrial strength, the copycat failed. Fortunately, with the participation of the Germans, it developed into Argentina’s number one arms. business.
"The Germans and Japanese are both copycats. There is no reason why Argentina can't copycats."
Because of the improvement of the industrial system in La Pampa Province, more small companies have the ability to imitate European industrial products, and can copy industrial products through reverse disassembly.
A large number of industrial supporting facilities have given Blanca the ability to establish a local supply chain, and the copycat industry has developed rapidly.
In recent years, with the establishment of various universities and research institutes, the cultivation and introduction of talents, the progress of the copycat industry in Blanca City has also made it possible to upgrade.
In urban areas and counties with relatively good geographical conditions, the Municipal Industrial Development Committee of Blanca City has the general planning, and the City Hall has granted the subordinate districts and counties the authority to establish district industrial development committees, and the district committees have established standardized industrial parks.
These industrial parks fully optimize their infrastructure in accordance with the standards of later generations, build large-scale ports, and provide water, electricity and communications. They can allow local and foreign factories to develop faster and attract factories from Argentina and abroad to settle in.
Because of the progress of the industrial system in Blanca City, especially the outsourcing of various machine tool factories, mold factories, engine factories, and various European and American electronic and electrical products, coupled with indulgence and even guidance, Blanca City has various copycat European products. There are an increasing number of brand factories, large and small, and there are all kinds of counterfeit goods from motorcycles to various household appliances. Lingang Industrial Zone is the hardest hit area for counterfeit goods.
With certain technical content, the Blanca Steel Works, Hans Steel Works, Leighton Automobile Works, Southern Petrochemical Plant, Maya Chemical Plant, Philip Tractor Factory, Philip Motorcycle Factory, Blanca Shipyard, Enco Electrical Appliances The establishment of the factory and the Cohen Heavy Industry Truck Factory led to the development of related industries. The industry in La Pampa Province quickly entered the development period of heavy industrialization. Industrial sectors such as steel, petrochemicals, automobiles, agricultural machinery, machine manufacturing, and electronics were gradually established and developed. stand up. old
Local companies such as Bueno Electronics, Pampas Electric, Enco Electric, Blue Harbor Electric, Belgrano Shipyard, Argentina Diesel Engine Factory, Blanca Precision Machine Tool Factory, Alberto Pharmaceuticals, and Masson Pharmaceuticals have also emerged. , Brida Energy, Blue Cloud Garment Chemical Fiber Factory, Green Umbrella Cano Chemical, Garcia Nosbel Chemical, Blue Ocean-Federal Plastic Chemical, to reduce the cost of raw material production and processing.
There are also a large number of other trading companies such as Valentin Trade, Martinez Trade, Blanca Commercial Trade, and Visa Trade, which have improved the industrial chain and exports of Blanca City.
Blanca City Commercial Bank, La Pampa Industrial Bank, La Pampa Commercial Bank provide a large number of low-interest loans to small and medium-sized factories in La Pampa Province, and large banks such as Barron's Bank mainly provide support for the Cohen Consortium and high-quality factories and infrastructure construction. , the National Stock Exchange provides financing assistance to quality companies.
These companies are the backing of the copycat industry in Blanca City, and low-income people provide a market for copycat products.
A large number of small and medium-sized factories took advantage of the resources and talents of large factories and began to mass-produce knockoffs of European and American goods, cheap radios, various knock-off European-style clothing, leather products, and high-end goods such as motorcycles. Blanca City The highway is starting to get crowded.
Among them, the Temonoma Motorcycle Factory in Blanca City, established in 1956, was the first motorcycle factory in Blanca City to imitate Italian motorcycles. At first, it only used a hardware processing factory at the Special Steel Factory in Blanca City. Here comes the motorcycle business opportunity.
The Italian motorcycle industry has been impacted by the automobile industry, and many small motorcycle factories have closed down. However, the demand for motorcycles in Argentina is rising crazily. The local Leighton motorcycles and Philippe motorcycles are in short supply. old
Temonoma began to smuggle parts from Italy and Japan to assemble motorcycles, and the profits and sales were actually pretty good. Blanca City already had several motorcycle parts factories that OEMed for Philippe Industries. With a large number of orders, they started to work together. Cooperative imitation, the scale is getting bigger and bigger.
Later, Temonoma simply cooperated with precision machine tool factories and mold factories to produce one-to-one parts, and assembled them by themselves. The profit of self-production was three times higher, and the quality was actually pretty good. The Lutz Motorcycle R10, which is high-quality and low-priced, was sold in 50 years. After purchasing 20,000 vehicles, their boss Monoma Lutz is going to Italy to purchase production equipment, and Barron's Bank will provide Monoma with international loans.
As a result, many small companies have rapidly developed into large companies. Some have acquired companies in the same industry, quickly expanded in scale, raised funds after going public, and built new factories.
For example, the Alta District is currently the second most industrial district in Blanca City, after the Eastern District with the Lingang Industrial Zone. Blanca Steel and Hans Steel have contributed a large amount of tax revenue and employment.
After being divided into two districts, Alta District was separated from more than 40 industrial enterprises, and its strength was reduced a lot. However, its strength in chemical industry, automobile, steel, machinery, shipbuilding, military industry, and parts factories is still there. Through the newly established The industrial park, stimulated by various new policies and funds, quickly recovered its vitality. Within half a year, the number of newly registered factories of various types has exceeded 1,500.
Nowadays, Blanca City has low taxes, good legal environment, relatively complete infrastructure, excellent port conditions and the influx of cheap labor. This has become the key for Blanca City and La Pampa Province to use industry to revitalize the economy. In addition, Argentina The listing support of the National Stock Exchange eventually attracted a number of domestic Argentine factories and commercial entities to settle in Blanca City.
Argentina's financial infrastructure is relatively backward, which is reflected in the backwardness of the banking and securities industries. Many of them still adopt the methods of the last century. The emergence of the Argentine National Stock Exchange has changed the development process of Argentina's financial industry. old
St. Jose introduced Wall Street's securities system, promulgated the Securities Exchange Law, carried out a large number of reforms, stipulated listing regulations, and promoted the construction of an electronic trading center. The target number of listed companies exceeded 200 60 years ago.
In addition to these bills, the La Pampa Provincial Office has successively promulgated the La Pampa Provincial Shipbuilding Industry Law, La Pampa Provincial Electronics Industry Law, La Pampa Provincial Pharmaceutical Industry Law, La Pampa Provincial Aviation Industry Law, La Pampa Provincial Law There are more than 10 new bills including the Machine Tool Promotion Law, the La Pampa Textile Industry Law, and the La Pampa Electricity Industry Law.
Support large state-owned companies, provide a convenient environment for the development of small and medium-sized commercial enterprises, and provide various supporting policies, bills, and finance, making the development conditions of La Pampa Province increasingly easier.
Last year, Argentina promulgated a more comprehensive industrial promotion law, covering the main industrial categories in the world, and established the Argentine National Industrial Commission to plan the overall industrialization steps, which is more detailed than Bilon's five-year plan, and also inherits the necessary principles. The advantages of Long's industrialization were called Argentina's "Third Five-Year Industrial Plan" by San Jose.
The province of La Pampa first established the La Pampa Industrial Commission, and then took matters into its own hands and established the La Pampa State Assets Commission.
Saint Jose is actually a little hesitant. Is Argentina really ready to concentrate all the country's power and use decades of economic planning and efforts to complete the establishment of the industrial system?
After all, establishing a basic industrial system is a very difficult and painful process, and the cost is very high. old
The establishment of an industrial system cannot be achieved simply by establishing a few large factories.
Stimulated by the rapid advancement of industrialization in La Pampa, the development of foreign trade and export economy has become the key to determining provinces. More and more Argentine provinces have joined the new round of industrial competition.
A large number of small family-owned companies, small trading companies, large locally owned enterprises, branches of multinational companies and provincial and municipal state-owned companies in La Pampa are an important part of the economy of La Pampa.
As for the old industrial zone, Lingang Industrial Zone is the location of the first industrial park in Blanca City. It has more than 300 large and medium-sized factories and more than 2,000 small factories, and as a result, nearly 100,000 migrant workers have gathered here.
The number of jobs ranks first among the major industrial areas in Blanca City. Other large industrial areas such as Alta District, Arias District, Calvedo District, Posca District, Achlic District, etc. are also the largest. That's about 50,000 people.
With convenient sea and land transportation and special policies, Blanca City has initially grown into a comprehensive industrial city centered on the steel industry, including metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, electricity, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, textiles, clothing and other industries. Currently, Industrial output is second only to Buenos Aires.
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"Dr. Tank understands second-generation fighter jets."
At the newly established San Martin Automobile Factory, San Jose saw the San Martin No. 1 prototype. This is a two-door, four-seater model with a small body. It uses a San Martin aircraft engine, a 50-horsepower engine. The appearance looks relatively simple, and the engine is a redesigned and improved model.
The new person in charge has carried out a drastic and comprehensive reform of Leighton Motors, restructuring everything from organizational structure, technology research and development, model planning and other aspects.
Last year, the Argentine automobile industry was only one-half of that of Brazil. After all, there are only two local automobile factories in Argentina, one is Leighton Automobile and the other is Detria. The Fiat 600 and its various improved models dominate the Argentine market and surrounding areas. national market.
Fiat Motors of Brazil did not obtain the authorization for the Fiat 600. It has to be seen that San Jose has a vicious vision. It spent 40 million US dollars, but it earned several times the profit and a car factory with a production capacity of 60,000 vehicles, as well as support. A number of small-scale local auto parts factories have emerged.
Now Fiat Automobile's cooperation with Leighton Automobile has completely collapsed, but the Fiat 600 franchise cannot be returned, and Fiat headquarters is rich and plans to invest heavily in its subsidiary Fiat Brazil.
After the rectification of Layton Automobile, although there was Wuling Light, it could not meet the requirements in terms of technology, so modifications were made. old
In 1927, Argentina's first local automobile production plant appeared in Cordoba Province. Yes, that automobile factory was owned by the Argentine National Military Aircraft Factory, but it soon closed down. At that time, the military aircraft factory was under the There are a total of 10 factories that can produce cars, motorcycles, and tractors. It is the industrialization leader of Cordoba Province.
St. Martin Aircraft has always had automobile genes. It is not surprising that Dr. Tan Ke chose automobile OEM. This is a profitable business. St. Martin Aircraft has also established an engine design group internally to design a 50-horsepower, fuel-efficient engine.
In the first half of this year, there were 19 automobile manufacturers in Argentina, with local automobile factories and the assembly plants of foreign automobile giants in Argentina as the mainstream.
In terms of distribution, there are 6 in La Pampa Province, 7 in Cordoba Province, and 6 in Greater Buenos Aires, of which Greater Buenos Aires is the capital and surrounding cities.
Last year, Argentina's total annual automobile production reached 90,000 units, and the Fiat 600 series was 60,000 units.
Of the 19 automobile factories in Argentina, 11 are car and light train manufacturers, and 7 are truck and passenger vehicle manufacturers.
There are a total of 5 local automobile factories in La Pampa Province, including Layton Automobile, Detria Automobile, the newly established San Martin Automobile, Philip Automobile, and foreign Renault Automobile. old
As the biggest rival of Argentina's automobile industry, Brazil, like Argentina, imported 100,000 cars every year before 1953, which brought a heavy burden to the foreign exchange balance. The Brazilian government was once forced to restrict car imports, but the consumer demand for cars forced the Brazilian government to Find another way out.
At present, the Brazilian automobile industry is one step ahead of Argentina. Similar to Argentina's domestic production model, the Brazilian automobile industry now adopts the CKD model. Their cars come in in a completely disassembled state, and then all the parts and components of the car are assembled into complete vehicles.
A large number of Brazilian car parts are imported from Europe and the United States in order to avoid Europe and Brazil's high vehicle import tariffs. European and American car manufacturers in Argentina have also adopted the same measures, so strictly speaking, Argentine cars Most of the factories are still assembly plants, and their contribution to the cultivation of the automobile industry is still quite limited. The number of jobs they contribute is not as good as that of Leighton Motors.
Brazil has established 26 automobile manufacturers, but the production model of the automobile companies entering Brazil is assembly, and parts are completely imported from outside. Generally speaking, they are still stronger than the actual strength. There are two local automobile companies in Brazil, one is Catalin Automobile Industry Company, and the other is the Sebastian family's automobile factory.
The year 1955 was a watershed. After San Jose obtained the franchise production rights of Fiat 600, it spent a lot of money to build a factory and then localized the parts. The Argentine automobile industry began the process of localization.
Brazil officially had complete car production capacity one year later than Leighton Motors, and it also came from Italy. In 1956, the Brazilian factory built by Italian Lovita Automobile launched the Romi-Esata model. This car's technology came from Spain. De BMW Group.
The Romi-Aisata model initially used a 7-kilowatt engine produced by the Italian Lovita Automobile Company, which could reach a maximum speed of 85 kilometers. However, because the quality was not good and it did not meet the aesthetics of Brazilians, it did not sell well. old
The Fiat 600 produced in Leighton also exports a large number of parts to Brazil, competing with Brazilian Fiat in the same industry. Because of the exclusive agency authorization, Brazilian Fiat does not have a Fiat 600, leaving the Fiat 600 produced in Argentina to dominate the market.
San Martin Automobile and Philippe Automobile came at the right time, as Fiat faced pressure from foreign car plants and had some idle production capacity.
In addition to continuing to fund St. Martin's aircraft, the St. Josef people divest the unprofitable business of St. Martin's aircraft and provide support and help for businesses with potential.
Then, some of the money-making businesses of the provincial government offices and city halls were handed over to this Argentine quasi-first-level military contractor to develop other money-making businesses.
For the safety of Dr. Tank and his team, Saint Jose arranged professional security personnel.
There are also many problems within the Cohen consortium. Barron's Bank is the core, and St. Hesse has rearranged financial personnel to conduct large-scale audits of the companies under the Cohen consortium.
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In the past 10 years, in addition to more than 3 million new immigrants who have become Argentinian citizens, there are approximately more than 2 million foreigners.
For now, Argentina still continues her influence over Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia. Buenos Aires is far more attractive than Rio de Janeiro in these three countries. Argentina's attraction through the La Plata River network , even affecting the hinterland of Brazil.
Argentina is now the largest economic investor in Paraguay and Uruguay, and the famous Argentine mining company Thunder Mining is exploiting Bolivia's iron ore and natural gas.
In particular, the Bilon era was originally the beginning of Argentina's complete decline and failure. Now the decline has been contained. President Frandisi has used his professional ability to revitalize the Argentine economy. The development of La Pampa Province has also contributed to the Argentine economy. Re-energized.
The province of La Pampa hosts nearly 1.1 million new immigrants and foreigners, accounting for a quarter of Argentina's population.
Such a large influx of people challenges the management capabilities of the La Pampa Provincial Administration.
Among the immigrants in Argentina, most come from Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile. In addition, there are about 100,000 Europeans and Americans, about 400,000 South Asians and Southeast Asians (Indians, Nepalese, and Chinese), and some people from Africa and the Middle East have settled there. old
After the Paraguay War, Paraguay's industry and other modern industries died prematurely, and Paraguay as a whole retreated to an economic model dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry. To this day, Paraguay remains one of the poorest countries in South America.
Last year, the population of Paraguay was less than 1.65 million, and more than 200,000 Paraguayans immigrated and worked in Argentina, mostly women.
The situation in Uruguay is better, but there are also close to 300,000 people immigrating or working in Argentina in the form of international labor, which leaves Uruguay with less than 2 million people now.
There are also more than 300,000 Chileans in Argentina.
Among them, many people from the southern states of Brazil go to Argentina to find work, as many as 300,000.
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Local animal husbandry and indoor breeding have developed rapidly. In 1958, La Pampa Province had 2.85 million cattle, 220,000 sheep, 150,000 pigs, agricultural grains including rice, corn, wheat and potatoes, and oil crops. It is mainly soybeans, and the total output has exceeded 4 million tons, which far meets the supply needs of the province and Blanca City, and can be processed and exported. old
Among them, the pigs have begun to have the taste of St. Jose's previous life. They have been castrated, and the large white pigs introduced from England have been crossbred with local pigs to select the best. They are of excellent quality and have a high meat yield.
Pork has also spawned many new ways of eating in Blanca City. In addition to various daily dishes, a large number of new immigrants have greatly enriched Blanca City’s dishes, such as braised pork, shredded pork with Beijing sauce, etc. The dishes satisfy the taste buds of St. Jose.
For example, the Spanish-style ham factory produces Iberian ham with a very Spanish style. The pig breeding is established on the outskirts of Blanca City, but the processing plant is in San Herman County, further away from Blanca City.
St. Herman County is a suburban county of Blanca City. It was originally affiliated with Choique City. It is a remote and backward town with an area of 1,060 square kilometers and a relatively dry climate. The population of St. Herman Town, the county seat, has reached 2.7 Thousands of people, it is connected to the urban area of Blanca by a highway, and a large number of trucks transport fresh cattle and sheep from more than 20 kilometers away for processing here every day.
With the support of Blanca City, it has developed into an important meat processing base in Blanca City. It now has 14 meat processing plants and slaughterhouses, producing mostly bacon, ham, ham sausage, sausage, luncheon meat, Most of the canning processing plants and the production of various preserved meats are exported. Because of the good wages, farmers from the surrounding La Pampa province have been attracted to join the factories, and the rate of urbanization has also accelerated a lot.
The same situation as St. Herman County occurs in the nine counties in the suburbs of Blanca City. These suburban counties have relatively poor conditions and relatively small populations. They are not suitable for the development of large-scale industries in the short term. St. Herman has adapted to local conditions. Some food factories, canneries, and meat processing plants in Blanca City have attracted investment to help these poor suburban counties develop.
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