The military coup in Uruguay shows that the world is very different from the original one, but the overall trend will not change. From the rise to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States will continue to prosper, and New China will eventually revive and become a world leader again. pole.
Eisenhower stated at the Joint Conference of the Americas that Uruguay's "people's coup" was the choice of the Uruguay people, and announced military assistance to Uruguay, hoping to obtain permission from General Andersen, and announced an increase in military exports to Uruguay. .
The Soviets expressed strong condemnation of the Uruguayan coup. Khrushchev claimed that it was a disaster for the Uruguayans, and then continued to plant corn.
Brazilian President Oliveira expressed sympathy for the disaster in Montevideo, but domestic problems were more important. The Brazilian ambassador to Uruguay held consultations with the new President Andersen, but no consensus was reached.
Argentine President Frandisi expressed sympathy for what happened in Montevideo, but did not respond much. He is still negotiating with the Americans, hoping to develop Argentina's domestic heavy chemical industry and petroleum industry and finalize a cooperation treaty.
President Frandisi's most important task at the moment is to go to Bilonghua. He has prepared to pay a state visit to the United States. While finding a backer, he can get rid of the influence of the domestic army. At the same time, he also needs to improve relations with the Justice Party, including before the meeting. President Bilong is also one of his plans.
The Argentine military has gained some encouragement and is obviously very dissatisfied with the new president's reforms. However, the factional struggle within the army has reached a very fierce point, with the blue and red factions having differences on Peronism.
The Red Faction is currently in the minority and advocates that the military take over the presidential palace and destroy the growing labor movement, which is quite radical.
The Blue Faction is a relatively moderate group, advocating the restoration of reconciliation, and currently has the upper hand. St. Jose also belongs to the Blue Faction, at least for now. It is necessary to take sides, and General Thomas Jr. is one of the important leaders of the Blue Faction. One, and General Juan Carlos Onganía are the two top leaders of the Blue Faction.
The Argentine military does not care about the red and blue factions. Almost every general has many military-run factories. After Bilon stepped down, it became more and more outrageous. At first, the military only interfered with the local city hall and provincial government office, but now it has become involved in Industrial and commercial.
In the past seven or eight years, Argentina's economy has fallen into recurring recessions, and national fiscal revenue has dropped sharply. After a brief period of centralization, the National Defense Forces have been decentralized again. However, defense expenditures have plummeted, and many military projects have been closed and suspended. The Argentine National Defense Forces have also begun to feel powerless. Updated various armies.
Let the military carry out independent trade, even open various military factories, and then open up more areas, making the situation of Argentina's domestic military more complicated.
The National Defense Force not only took control of local administrative resources, but also a lot of economic resources, and turned into small warlords. The situation was far more outrageous than that of the Cordoba City Guards. Saint Jose could only ensure that the La Pampa Defense Force did not Instead of changing, it has been innovating, so the combat effectiveness of the La Pampa Defense Force has increased quite quickly.
Many generals in Argentina are involved in business and are greedy for enjoyment. The army is not trained and does not do its job properly, forming small factions. There is a trend of being too big to lose. Fortunately, these generals do not think about de facto independence, but simply combine with the local provincial government offices. Together, the effects were centralized, Argentina was sparsely populated and had no intention of secession.
When the military participates in business, the first consideration is to protect their own interests, and defeat is inevitable. In future wars with the United Kingdom, in addition to differences in national strength and weapons, there are also business issues that corrode the Argentine military. This is in addition to the strategic level. It’s just a bottom-level gap other than the gap with the UK.
The current problems of the Argentine Defense Forces are actually quite serious. From smuggling cars, cigarettes, and fuel, reselling arms and coal, misusing military equipment, pocketing defense military expenses, and even running various sleazy places and serving as backends for gangs, there are all kinds of chaos. Elephants, to name a few, have also affected economic recovery. This phenomenon is most serious in the provinces of Cordoba and Buenos Aires, as well as in Santa Fe.
What is even more serious is that many Argentine military factories do not pay high taxes, and coupled with various advantages, Argentina's fiscal revenue does not increase much when economic development returns to normal.
Fortunately, people in the Argentine Defense Force are not good at economic development, and the military is unable to get involved in many monopolistic industries in Argentina. Therefore, the scale of the military industry has not been very large. Argentina currently has a small population, backward economic development, and does not have many monopolies. Sexually advantageous industries, the oil industry itself is underdeveloped, mineral exploration is extremely backward, the energy industry is in the far south, real estate has not developed, and the telecommunications era has not yet come. Except for the nationalized Rennes Military Industry, other military industries rely on copycats. , the machinery industry is not developing well.
Unlike later countries such as Vietnam, which can occupy the most profitable industries, such as tobacco, telecommunications, finance, foreign trade, real estate, machinery manufacturing, port operation and construction, engineering, etc., as long as they make money, they will do whatever they want. The Argentine military is currently subject to Without restrictions from other parties, and strikes are prevalent in the country, let alone taking over large and unprofitable state-owned enterprises. The largest state-owned company, Argentinian Railways, suffers heavy losses every year, and other state-owned companies are also not competitive.
Saint Jose himself is also a beneficiary of the military system's business, but he is even more profound about this situation.
Other countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, Peru and other countries did not respond much. Only the President of Colombia sent a congratulatory message to Andersen.
There were so many things happening around the world in 1958 that a small coup in Montevideo did not cause too many waves.
In this year, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg established an economic union, the Venezuelan people revolted, Egypt and Syria merged to form the United Republic, Iraq and Syria merged to form a federation, Khrushchev continued to serve as the top leader of the Soviet Union, the United States sent troops to arm Lebanon, and France The Five Republics were established.
This year, Argentina also ushered in a truly "democratic election". Saint Jose also cast his vote. Arturo Frandisi became the first elected president of Argentina in 12 years. He was an uncompromising radical. The Party became the ruling party in Argentina, and three major parties briefly emerged in the country, namely the Intransigent Radical Party, the Justice Party and the Popular Radical Party.
This year, as a senior official of La Pampa Province and the leader of the Uncompromising Radical Party of La Pampa, San Jose sat on the Argentine ship that could sink at any time, and like a conscientious ship repairer, he started to repair the ship. Behind them stood four million people of La Pampa.
This year, the various decisions and actions of the newly appointed senior officials of La Pampa Province gave private entrepreneurs confidence in investing in Blanca City, bringing their savings back home, investing in Blanca City, and carrying out economic development.
When the country is weak, it must work hard to develop its population and economy and carry out industrialization honestly. Saint Jesé has always maintained restraint in its relations with Brazil and focused on developing foreign trade. While maintaining good relations with General Andersen of Uruguay, At the same time, it still does not interfere in Uruguay's internal affairs, but focuses on economic and trade.
This year, the amount of American investment in Argentina has increased from US$230 million in 1955 to US$570 million, more than doubling.
Sequoia invested US$120 million in Argentina through various channels in 1958, second only to Standard Oil of California, and was jointly investigated by the FBI and the CIA.
The American Blackwater security company in New York was jointly strangled by the FBI and the New York Police Department. Fortunately, the Argentinian personnel retreated to Toronto in advance. Edward and others had already taken a boat to Brazil to avoid the limelight. Now Blackwater Security is an empty shell. Most of the security personnel have been replaced by retired American soldiers, and one-fifth of them are disabled.
After being reported by relevant personnel, 17 factories of Enco Electric Group in the United States were sealed and searched by the FBI on the grounds of violating national security matters. After the main personnel were reviewed, they also had to pay a fine of US$6 million. All factories were owned by the U.S. Department of Defense, but no atomic energy-related equipment or facilities were found.
Sequoia was questioned by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Salomon, Goldman Sachs, First Boston, JP Morgan, Stanley, Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers successively launched attacks, and General Manager Thain was detained. Walk.
Sequoia Investment Bank has taken away a lot of business from Merrill Lynch, but the apparent profits of the two companies are actually about the same. Sequoia Investment Bank has an annual profit of US$14.5 million, and Merrill Lynch has an annual profit of US$12 million. They are both among the top names on Wall Street. Second only to the large American conglomerates.
The reason why Thain was taken away is also relatively simple. Sequoia has made almost 130 million U.S. dollars in profits from the securities market in the past few years (excluding the 100 million U.S. dollars earned by St. Hesse), and its total assets exceed 1.9 billion U.S. dollars. Now The total assets in the United States are 670 million U.S. dollars, and the overseas assets exceed 900 million U.S. dollars, which has seriously threatened the interests of major Wall Street investment banks and large families.
Of course, Sequoia Investment Bank also has some allies, but its strength is not too strong, and Sequoia is suspected of illegally transferring funds, but more importantly, its backend is not strong enough, and it makes too much, with a profit margin of The amount exceeded that of peer investment companies by two to three times, and he controlled hundreds of shell companies at home and abroad and thousands of accounts for money laundering activities.
Not many people pay attention to Blackstone Capital, which is relatively strong in the dark. Since Blue Origin merged with Blackstone, Blackstone has expanded crazily. The real Wolf Capital, with the cooperation of Sequoia, has secretly made extremely exaggerated profits.
Blackstone Capital is listed on the list of Salomon Corporation and Lehman Brothers, and it is a real ruthless character. The profit margin is not too outrageous. Moreover, many gangsters in New York have connections with Blackstone. This is a real "Wolf of Wall Street" and also has ties to Blackstone Capital. Some of the big guys in the U.S. Congress have some connections.
Saint Jose also knew that Sequoia was too eye-catching. It was not just the business on the surface, but the many large-scale investments in the dark were very scary. Sequoia established various investment portfolios and took the money of ordinary people and small families. Investment, the comprehensive assets are far more than 1.6 billion U.S. dollars. The fund portfolio established in 1958 alone is worth 500 million U.S. dollars, not to mention various private equity funds that are not publicly offered.
In New York, the expansion rate of capital is very fast. Even if San Jose intends to exercise restraint, it cannot stop the greed of capital and the nature of compound interest. Sequoia has at least a 70% success rate in taking action, and among the other 30%, there is even one The success rate is still because it is difficult in the short term, but in the long run the investment success rate is very scary.
Moreover, Sequoia's investment portfolio is too complex, and the possibility of a thunderstorm is very high. If it is completely dismantled, it is also possible to form a small financial crisis.
The Japanese companies invested in the past few years alone may be worth 1 billion U.S. dollars. Some of these income must be divided. This is unavoidable, but considering Argentina's poverty and fragile economy, San Jose's transfer is inevitable. If there are too many, Wall Street peers will find excuses.
…
On December 31, 1958, the weather was getting hotter and hotter. It was already the end of the year, and the midsummer of 1959 was about to begin. For Saint Jose, the smell of money in the air was getting stronger and stronger.
The warm and humid monsoon from the Atlantic Ocean has also begun to arrive in Blanca City, bringing a brief period of refreshing, and the pollution in the air seems to have dropped a lot.
The new annual work conference of La Pampa Province was also successfully held. In 1958, La Pampa Province's industry developed rapidly and achieved major breakthroughs. More than a dozen large industrial projects were successfully put into production, and the number of large factories with an annual output of more than one million US dollars reached 20. , the number of newly established commercial entities exceeded 10,000, with an average of more than 28 commercial entities established every day.
La Pampa Province has once again carried out administrative division reform, and various cities have been further integrated. The power of the La Pampa Provincial Government Office has become more concentrated. The total population has successfully exceeded 4 million, with Blanca City and the three coastal cities growing the fastest. .
In the past year, La Pampa Province has made major breakthroughs in electricity, industry, education, medical care, and infrastructure construction, and the overall urban environment has been greatly developed. Several new universities have opened for enrollment, 7 hospitals have opened at the same time, and 14 Construction of the new port terminal begins.
In the new year, La Pampa Province has formulated a huge development plan for industrial economic growth of 20% to seize the opportunity of commercial development, with a total investment of more than 300 million US dollars in industrial construction.
This means that the La Pampa Provincial Government will borrow money on a larger scale. The industry includes the construction of large-scale projects of various weights, investing heavily in steel, petrochemicals, machinery, automobiles, shipbuilding, and port facilities, and integrating the construction of large state-owned factories. .
In the past year, the province of La Pampa has tried to break through its foreign relations and achieved breakthroughs in relations with Brazil, Uruguay, Italy, and France, established consulates, and obtained international loans.
It is now difficult for La Pampa Province to make a major breakthrough relying solely on San Jose's own resources. Therefore, it is very important to leverage and obtain international loans. There is no need to worry about too much debt. Only by overdrafting the future can we have a brighter future. Germany The Japanese and the Japanese have been able to develop at such a high speed by relying on a large amount of debt for construction and the support of the Americans. Argentina does not have an American father, but it can rely on international relations. Now that the economies of various countries have resumed expansion and national deposits have increased, they also need some good Return on investment, San Jose now has a very good reputation.
If we don’t take advantage of this period to develop, it will definitely be more difficult in the future. Barron’s Bank and Prairie International have signed treaties with 17 banks in Europe and Brazil. The La Pampa Provincial Office will receive more than 300 million US dollars in the next year. industrial construction loans.
Under the instructions of Saint Jose, the Cohen Consortium established the Blanca Shipping Container Manufacturing Factory in the Lingang Industrial Zone, specifically for the production of steel containers for rapid transportation of goods to prepare for the explosion of trade.
Nowadays, a large number of container prototypes have appeared in the world, but they are not very perfect. As the monthly import and export trade volume of Blanca City exceeds 15 million US dollars, containers have become important, especially for the export of various industrial products. Traders from the city of Blanca.
The current bulk carriers have too many shortcomings and are not conducive to the development of Sanhais Shipbuilding. Saint Hesse instructed Sanhais Shipbuilding to develop container freighters in order to grab some market share in the fierce international competition.
Nowadays, the labor cost of cargo transportation is high. The goods need to be loaded from the factory into trains or trucks, transported from the train to the dock, loaded from the dock to the ship, then unloaded from the ship to the truck, and finally the truck is sent to the customer's warehouse.
Ordinary bulk carrier transportation is relatively risky and prone to problems, especially for goods exported to Europe. The production cost of bulk carriers is high and cargo damage problems occur more frequently, which is not conducive to further expansion of exports. The transportation costs in Blanca City are relatively high. It's high, but the profit is okay.
Of course, the most important thing is that the development of Argentina's steel industry has been enough to allow San Jose to have excess steel to produce containers. This is actually very important. Container production requires a large amount of steel, and the technical problems are not that big.
Blanca City's machinery industry has expanded to a certain level with the development of local shipbuilding, automobiles, military industry, chemical equipment, and agricultural machinery. Container production is no longer a big problem.
This is the benefit of developing industrialization. Even if you cannot produce a product, you can quickly initiate projects, develop and produce it if you have relevant industrial categories.
Just like San Jose once successfully mastered the accurate formula of food plastics, Argentina was unable to directly produce it at the time, which was very costly. Instead, it could not be made at all and could not be mass-produced.
Prali Food's soda bottles can only be replaced by glass. Now the small state-owned glass factory has successfully developed into a comprehensive glass production company. The glass for Leidun Automobile is basically produced by Sean Glass Company, and Sean Glass also It has the second most cement plants in Argentina, second only to Surtec Cement.
After examining various container specifications and planning to transform the port's gantry crane lifting capacity, as well as the production capacity of Cohen trucks, Saint-Jesse designated it to mainly produce 20-foot containers and 40-foot containers, and maintain the ability to develop 60-foot containers. This is the mainstream container specification in the future.
These containers can also be quickly loaded and unloaded by trucks, increasing the speed of freight transportation. In trade, speed is money.
In the past year, the automobile industry has become an important industrial pillar industry in Argentina. There are 16 production plants in Argentina, 9 are car and light truck manufacturers, 7 are truck and passenger vehicle manufacturers, and 35% of the sales points are in Argentina. Within the province of Enos Aires, 15% is located in the province of La Pampa.
Argentina's total oil production exceeded 2 million tons, making it one of the major oil countries in South America. Among them, the newly emerging Southern Petroleum has the largest new exploration output. The successful exploration and construction of several large oil fields has allowed Southern Petroleum to truly develop.
As a result of the negotiations between Standard Oil Company of California and the Presidential Palace, the American oil consortium will enter Patagonia for oil exploration and extraction, and Southern Oil is facing tremendous pressure.
Speaking of which, the Argentinian automobile industry exhibits a three-province approach, with the top three being Cordoba, Buenos Aires and La Pampa.
The province of La Pampa is home to Argentina's two domestic car manufacturing plants, as well as one truck manufacturing plant, Detria Automotive and Leighton Motors, as well as the Cohen Heavy Industries Truck Manufacturing Plant.
The largest among them is Layton Automobile. Although it only produces one model, the Fiat 600 series, its sales are very terrible and it is the best-selling car in Argentina. This is because other foreign car companies only started building factories this year, and the Fiat 600 It is a good way to seize the market's window period and make a lot of money directly.
The Detli family's car factory has been under construction for a long time, but it will be mass-produced by the end of next year at the earliest. The first batch of cars will only be about 2,000, but the overall look is good, but San Jose is not very optimistic about Detli. Competition between Asian cars and American cars.
The Cohen Truck Project, with a total investment of US$50 million, has an annual output of 12,000 truck trucks. The factory has completed mass production and completed production line debugging. It is ramping up production. All parts can be produced by itself. This year, it can reach an annual output of US$100 million. The output value has created employment for at least 15,000 to 20,000 people.
The key products of Cohen Trucks are the 5-ton 5-truck and the 10-ton 10-load truck respectively, with retail prices of US$5,000 and US$8,000. They have signed loan agreements with the five major domestic banks.
The Cohen Heavy Industry truck project has been running stably and has completely absorbed the technology of Steyr trucks. However, the current maximum load capacity of the truck is 10 tons. Compared with a container that starts with 18 tons, it is not enough. It can only be said to be very reluctant.
Overloading makes no sense and causes more problems. The highways built in La Pampa are only average.
San Jose hopes that the Cohen Truck Manufacturing Plant can develop a large heavy-duty truck with a load capacity of 20 tons according to container specifications. However, it needs to combine technology procurement in Europe with independent research and development. This is a problem, that is, there is not enough talent in Argentina.
Even though San Jose has built six new universities for Blanca City, talent is not a crop. Argentina’s automobile industry has not really developed yet, and competitive pressure is coming. A large number of foreign automobile companies have signed contracts with the presidential palace. Erdoba and Buenos Aires are the two favorite cities for automobile manufacturers. Although Blanca has a large population, few major automobile manufacturers choose to build factories here.
The automobile industry in Blanca City is more cultivated by San Jose, at least for now. Buenos Aires is the national political and power center, and Cordoba is also the second largest power center in Argentina. It is the core of the army, the base camp of the blue faction, and has a good industrial foundation.
Blanca City is more like a nouveau riche. It has not yet developed its reputation and has a large population. In the eyes of foreign investors, it is more like a big market. The only advantage may be the population and steel. However, the cost of steel does not occupy the majority. They would rather Use imported steel.
The most important thing is the lag in the news. Foreign car manufacturers entered the Argentinian market around the time Bilon stepped down. At that time, Blanca City was at most a medium-sized city, far away from the power circle, except for "taken advantage of" like Sequoia Capital. , foreign investment is basically very small.
Foreign-funded cars only want to occupy more markets and earn more profits, but they have not thought about helping you achieve industrialization.
The sales of Cohen trucks are good in Argentina, and they are also exported to Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and other countries. These countries are also undergoing extensive development and construction. Cohen trucks are more than half the price of American trucks, so the sales volume is very impressive.
Compared with the Thunder Shield Automobile Project, the Cohen Truck is not particularly exaggerated, but it has indeed contributed to the Argentine automobile transportation industry. The Argentine Railway Strike lasted for a long time and was large-scale, causing major problems in domestic transportation.
La Pampa Province is currently building a large-scale highway. Although it is called a highway, the maximum speed is only 80 kilometers. However, this speed is still much faster than the backward steam locomotives. The highways connecting various cities in Blanca City The construction has been basically successful. These construction plans are all carried out simultaneously, and a large amount of loans have been invested in highway construction.
Blanca Automobile Industrial Park, which has been designated by San Jose and renamed Layton Automobile Industrial Park, currently covers an area of less than 10,000 acres and has expanded to more than 30,000 acres, occupying almost one-seventh of the Calderon district.
The benefits are also amazing. The number of workers in the entire Calderon district has exceeded 40,000, and the number of automobile supporting companies has exceeded 200, which has led to the development of a large number of factories. Detria Automobile has also benefited from this and hopes to benefit from it. Banks get loans to expand.
Originally, considering the issues of transportation and development direction, the Automobile Industrial Park was located on the northern edge of Nuevo Alta District. It is not along the coast and has a relatively small population. However, the location conditions are also good, and it is close to Steele Avenue in Nuevo Alta District.
After the Alta District was divided into three, Leighton Automobile was divided into the Calderon District, which has the weakest economy, the smallest population and the largest area. Leighton Automobile became the largest industrial enterprise in the Calderon District and was tied to the district. , Calderon District has also become an automobile city, and the truck factory of Cohen Heavy Industry has also been packaged together. The automobile industry and the truck industry have developed collaboratively.
When the administrative divisions were split, the Alta District was not simply divided into three. This could easily weaken the original development momentum and not have much of a driving effect. When the administrative divisions of the Alta District were adjusted, the outer areas were also taken advantage of. The five towns in the two counties were also adjusted together and merged separately.
Each of these five towns has a population of only a few hundred people, and does not have much development potential. After reorganization, the three districts will have a large area, and the economy can also be stimulated to develop.
It is relative to say that there is no potential. It is very appropriate to develop agriculture. However, most farmers have gone bankrupt after more than ten years of economic turmoil. Most of their suburban pastures and land have been acquired by agricultural companies. The economy is completely different from that of Blanca City. One place.
In the past two years, Layton Automobile has continued to grow and develop. The production and sales of the Fiat 600 have continued to increase. It has expanded from 30,000 units to 60,000 units, which has vaguely reached its limit.
At present, driven by Leighton Automobile, there are hundreds of parts suppliers for supporting peripheral companies, including thirty of Cohen Heavy Industries.
The Fiat 600 is a good car in the sense of the word. It is fuel-efficient, has good power, and the quality is not bad. The special steel production line of the Blanca Steel Plant supplies better raw materials than the original Italian version. Other glass factories and engine production lines have been optimized. It's very good, and it can even do some minor optimizations. It can already be said to be better than the original version, and the price is affordable.
But when all the dividends were used up, Leighton Motors had no R&D capabilities. Even if the two cars were approved early, it was indeed a bit embarrassing. Later, with the help of Germany's Audi, progress was made.
The sense of crisis has always been with Layton Automobile. It looks like a car factory, but in fact it is a local distributor, deeply tied to Fiat Motors.
In the end, San Jose purchased more than 20 family cars from the world's major OEMs at high prices, copied them in terms of fuel economy and lightweight, and began testing.
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