In April of the 27th year of Jian'an, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu. He named Bu as queen, Gan as noble concubine, Liu Chan as prince, and his reign title was Zhangwu.
At the same time, he ordered the reform of the central official system and the establishment of three provinces and six ministries to enhance the efficiency of central administration.
There are three provinces: Zhongshu Province, Zhongshu Ling Zhuge Liang, Shangshu Province, Shangshu Ling Fa Zheng, and Menxia Province Shizhong Pang Tong.
In addition, a censorship station was set up to supervise hundreds of officials, with Yu Fan as the censorship doctor, who led the twelve patrols to inspect the censorship.
In addition, six departments were established in the Shangshu Province: Xu Jing, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, Qin Mi, Shangshu of the Ministry of Personnel, Zhang Xi, Shangshu of the Ministry of War, Dong He, Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishments, Liu Ba, Shangshu of the Ministry of Husbandry, and Jian Yong, the Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry.
Each of the six ministries is divided into departments, and the chief officers of each department are established to form the structure of the six ministries, which together form the central bureaucracy.
Liu Bei's official reform this time is only limited to the central bureaucracy level. After all, many things cannot be done in one step, especially at the local level. Because the influence of the aristocratic families is still very large, the current structure can only be maintained for the time being and adjustments can be made step by step. .
After all, the world is still divided into three parts. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Xi, Fazheng and others are also afraid of taking too big a step and accidentally getting involved. That is when they really want to cry without tears.
As for the military system, Liu Bei basically did not change it and still used the Han system.
He worshiped Guan Yu as the general, and during the holidays, he supervised the military and political affairs of Jingzhou.
He worshiped Zhang Fei as the general of chariots and cavalry. During the holiday, he supervised the military affairs of the north and the south and rebuilt the northern and southern armies of the Han Dynasty.
He worshiped Zhao Yun as a hussar general, and during the holidays, he supervised the military and political affairs of Liangzhou.
He worshiped Ma Chao as General Wei and supervised the military and political affairs of Yongzhou.
Afterwards, Liu Bei awarded rewards to some of his meritorious personnel.
For example, in Jingzhou, Liu Bei promoted Xu Shu to General Zuo and governor of Jingzhou, Wang Ji was promoted to General Zhendong and governor of Jiangling, Shi Bao was promoted to general Yangwu and governor of Wuling, Ma Liang was promoted to Jingzhou Biejia, governor of Xiangyang, Fei Yi, Yi Ji, Zhao Lei and others are all engaged in the governance of Jingzhou.
For Yizhou, Yang Hong was appointed as the governor of Yizhou, Wu Yi was appointed as the central protector, Huang Quan was appointed as the right general and the governor of Hanzhong, Zhang Xi was appointed as the former general and the minister of the Ministry of War, Li Yan was appointed as the rear general and the governor of Jiangzhou, and Li Hui was appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou. General Zhennan and the governor of Gai surrendered, and Meng Huo became general Annan and the governor of Jianning.
Regarding Yongzhou, in addition to Ma Chao, Wei Yan was promoted to the general of Zhenbei and the governor of Yongzhou, Jiang Xu was promoted to the general of Anbei and the governor of Yongzhou, and Ma Dai was promoted to the general of Yangwei and the Sima of Yongzhou.
In Liangzhou, in addition to Zhao Yun, Xu Miao was promoted to the general of Zhenxi and the governor of Liangzhou, and Pang De was promoted to the general of Anxi and the Qiang school captain.
Xincheng County was established to combine Shangyong, Fangling and Xicheng counties into one. Kou Feng was appointed General Anhan and Governor of Xincheng to garrison Shangyong. Dong Yun was appointed General Xingye and Governor of Xincheng to assist Kou Feng in handling Xincheng County. In government affairs, Meng Da was stationed at Xicheng for General Andong, and Shen Dan was stationed at Fangling for General Fu Han.
The remaining generals, such as Wang Ping, Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi, Hao Zhao, etc., each received a reward.
Liu Bei ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, announcing it to the world. At this juncture, Cao Pi was of course furious. Liu Xie is not dead yet. What kind of emperor do you, Liu Bei, call you? !
Let's just say that Liu Bei is not a good person. You see, his ambition is exposed now. He is not trying to help the Han Dynasty. He simply wants to be the emperor.
This is what Cao Pi really thinks. He feels that Liu Bei is very good at pretending. He was able to pretend when he was under his father, and he has been pretending until now and his true nature is revealed.
Not long after he proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Bei followed him in proclaiming himself emperor. This was a clear sign that he would not give face to Wei, nor would he give face to himself. Cao Pi really wanted to go to war and kill Liu Bei, an old boy with two big ears.
But the problem is that Cao Pi himself knows that he can only think about this matter. After all, he was just beaten by Liu Bei in the northwest, and it has not been a year since then.
No matter how stupid Cao Pi was, he knew that now was not the time to attack Liu Bei, a disobedient person.
But Cao Pi had to respond to Liu Bei's move to proclaim himself emperor. He had to find a way to refute the legitimacy of Liu Bei's proclaimed emperor.
Cao Pi is worthy of being the person who wrote "Classics". Cao Pi can refute literary and artistic classics, let alone a living person.
First, Liu Bei was charged with "pretending to be emperor" to deny his legitimacy to inherit the Han Dynasty. At the same time, he was charged with "destroying the ancestral system" based on the reform of the official system after Liu Bei became emperor. This was denied at the outset. The Han Dynasty has implemented the three-gong-nine-qing system for more than 400 years. How dare you say that you are inheriting the Han Dynasty? !
The Wei Dynasty accepted the abdication of the Han Dynasty, but in terms of official system, didn't it completely copy the official system of the Han Dynasty? How could you Liu Bei, a guy with the name of a clan member of the Han Dynasty, dare to change the system as soon as he became emperor? !
Are you opposing the system established by the ancestors of the Han Dynasty? !
Then how can you have the nerve to claim that you are a descendant of the Han Dynasty? How can you have the dignity to inherit the Han Dynasty? !
Yes, Cao Pi planned to start from these two aspects, activate the propaganda machine of the Wei Dynasty, and completely deny the fact that Liu Bei became emperor.
After all, Cao Pi was also a writer. He knew that when doing this kind of thing, you can't just think about it. There is no Internet these days for Cao Pi and Liu Bei to criticize each other online, so if you want to refute the legitimacy of Liu Bei's proclaimed emperor, it's best to The best way is to write an article and then send it to the world, criticizing the legitimacy of Liu Bei's claim to emperor in the article.
Since you want to write an article, you must fully understand the other party before you start writing.
You don’t need to think too much about “pretending to be emperor”. Whether you look at it from Cao Pi’s point of view or from Liu Xie’s point of view, this is a basic fact.
But the problem is this "three provinces and six ministries system". The more Cao Pi studied it, the more he felt that this was a good system.
The three provinces make decisions, implement and supervise them, and the six ministries each perform their own duties. The emperor can not only ensure centralization of power, but also disperse the power in the hands of ministers. The most important thing is that he can be held accountable, which greatly enhances the administrative efficiency of the central government.
When you look back at your own officials, you don't know what to do day by day. They are the ones who just delay everything they can. What are they doing here? !
Cao Pi took Sun Zi and Exiled together. The more they studied it, the more they felt that this "three provinces and six ministries system" was really good. If nothing else, the administrative efficiency alone could be greatly improved.
If we cooperate with Chen Qun's nine-level official method to select talents, wouldn't it be possible to make the national machine run at high speed and greatly improve its strength? !
Yes, at this time, Chen Qun had already proposed the ninth-grade official law, and this law actually had both advantages and disadvantages.
The advantage is that it allows some so-called celebrities who only talk rhetoric and do not understand actual government affairs to show their true colors and select truly useful talents for the country.
But the downside is that this ninth-grade official method is too easy for wealthy families to take advantage of. As long as they hold the official position of the middle and large, then I say whoever has the ability will have the ability.
This resulted in the later situation of "there are no poor families in the upper class, and no wealthy families in the lower class". The government was completely controlled by the wealthy families, and the emperor basically became a puppet.
The Eight Kings Rebellion in the Jin Dynasty in later generations and the situation of "kings and horses sharing the world" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty are closely related to this system to some extent.
But at this time, Cao Pi felt that as long as he could strengthen the administrative efficiency of the central government and strengthen centralization of power, he could avoid the birth of this situation where aristocratic families became powerful.
After all, the old Cao family did not rely entirely on aristocratic families when they started their business. Cao Cao even dared to kill Kong Rong, a famous figure in the world. How could the old Cao family worry about this problem? !
On the one hand, it was to establish a good relationship with the aristocratic families and make Cao Wei's rule more stable. On the other hand, Cao Pi also had a practical need to change the efficiency of central administration. Therefore, Cao Pi still admired the ninth-rank official law.
Now, the Liu Bei Group's "Three Provinces and Six Ministries System" has allowed Cao Pi to see a system that strengthens centralization. If coupled with the selection of ninth-rank officials and personnel, it may be able to greatly limit the flaws of the ninth-rank officials and personnel. .
As long as the emperor has centralized power, the possibility of aristocratic families becoming powerful by relying on the ninth-grade official law will be reduced. These two systems are simply a good match made in heaven.
It’s just that this is something created by Liu Bei. He is the great Emperor of Wei, so it’s too late to refute him for “disrespecting the ancestral system”. How can he shamelessly copy it directly? !
This won't work, absolutely won't work. You have to find a way to put a shell on it before you can take it and use it yourself.
In this regard, Sun Zi and Exile are definitely experts.
These two people may have average military talents, but their research on political systems is very in-depth, and they are good political talents.
After half a month of research, the two finally discovered that this system is actually an extension of the Sangong and Jiuqing system, which weakens the rights and functions of the Sangong, and refines and splits the rights of the Nine Qings, reorganizing them into six departments. , strengthening the rights of these six departments.
Generally speaking, it is to limit the responsibilities of the three ministers and nine ministers by dividing their rights, so that although there is a subordinate relationship between them, there is no dependency relationship, and all rights are ultimately attributed to the emperor.
If that's the case, wouldn't it be enough to use these core elements to redefine the functions of the Three Gongs and Nine Ministers? !
Although the actual core has changed, after all, he is still wearing the "ancestral system" cover. We can still scold Liu Bei for not respecting the ancestral system and being unqualified to inherit the Han Dynasty.
After listening to Sun Zi and the exile's suggestion, Cao Pi burst out laughing. Then he secretly summoned Chen Qun, Liu Ye and others to discuss Sun Zi and Liu Fang's ideas, and asked Chen Qun and Liu Ye to lead people to study this. How can we change the trapping system?
It's not that Cao Pi doesn't trust Sun Zi and Exile, it's that the qualifications of these two people are too low. For them to preside over such an important matter, they are simply not qualified, and no one will take this change seriously.
It is most appropriate to let senior ministers like Chen Qun and Liu Ye do these things.
As for Sun Zi and Exile, these two people should help themselves think carefully about how to write an article to criticize Liu Bei.
And just when Cao Pi was thinking about how to criticize Liu Bei and how to reform the system, another piece of unfortunate news came.
In October of the second year of Huangchu in the Great Wei Dynasty, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Huangwu, established the country as Wu, and granted amnesty to the world. He followed his father Sun Jian as Emperor Wu Lie, his brother Sun Ce as King Huan of Changsha, and made his descendant Sun Deng the Crown Prince.
Cao Pi suddenly became furious.
(End of chapter)
