In order to better reflect the economic status of his country and other countries around the world, Zhu Cixi also introduced the terms total financial income and net financial income. The former is abbreviated as csz, and the latter is abbreviated as csj.
"Total financial income" means the total amount of silver coins and other items that a country's treasury can harvest in a fiscal year, converted into silver.
"Net financial income" is easier to understand. The csj is how many silver coins the treasury can receive, plus the amount converted into silver from other precious metals.
In the 106th year of Haojing, that is, 1750 AD, at the beginning of the fourth year after the move was completed, according to statistics from the Ministry of Household Affairs, the net financial income of the new mainland of the Ming Empire was 3,735,765,922 yuan. Yuan is a silver dollar. Commonly known as silver coins.
The total financial revenue reached 5.542107831 yuan, including 20.037745 tons of grain raised as agricultural tax. According to the conversion of 30 silver coins per ton of grain, it is 611.132350 silver coins.
Others include various ores mined by various state-owned enterprises, metal semi-finished products produced, felled trees, processed boards, manufactured paper products, caught seafood, plus other daily necessities and military products.
As early as 1738, that is, before the official big move, the net financial income of Ming Dynasty was as high as 5 billion silver coins.
This is equivalent to the fact that after moving, it has only reached 74% of the previous value. The net financial income has shrunk significantly, and it is impossible not to admit that it is strained.
Not only that, after the move, the court will spend huge sums of money every year on economic construction. Adding all the expenses of the move, the current debt is as high as 59.5 billion silver coins.
It was equivalent to spending more than one hundred silver coins on each local citizen of the Ming Dynasty. This money had to be repaid by the court slowly collecting taxes.
It will take eleven years to repay according to the scale of the total financial income.
It will take seventeen years to repay according to the scale of the total financial income.
It would take more than a hundred years to repay according to the imperial court's financial surplus.
This still does not take into account inflation and other unpredictable factors, otherwise the repayment time will be longer...
What should we do now?
Zhu Cixiang gave the Ministry of Household Affairs a tip in life—issuance of banknotes!
This is not a slap on the head decision, but the current situation, it is obvious that if you don’t activate the cheat code, you will not be able to pay back the money.
In particular, military tickets, a derivative of banknotes, began to be issued within the Ming Dynasty King's Division ten years ago.
Although it is not released and used externally, it has been welcomed by the majority of soldiers due to its portability.
Carrying a few military tickets is much easier than carrying a bag of silver coins, and the military has also accumulated considerable experience.
After it is fully promoted to the new homeland of the empire, the corresponding problems and difficulties will be greatly reduced.
Assuming that those issued before are not counted, the first edition of the Ming Empire's banknotes is more exquisite and advanced in design than the military notes.
In particular, there are as many as five anti-counterfeiting identification marks on each denomination, making it very difficult to imitate.
After a banknote is issued, it is impossible to get someone to stop counterfeiting it.
But Emperor Haojing could significantly increase the cost of imitation, even exceeding that of his own printing factory.
This is the real purpose of anti-counterfeiting. Only by mass printing and comprehensive distribution can manufacturing costs be reduced as much as possible.
At the same time, relevant regulations must be promulgated. Counterfeiting banknotes is a capital crime, and those who report counterfeiters can receive heavy rewards.
After a two-pronged approach, it will be less likely for fakes to appear in the market.
The first edition of Ming Dynasty banknotes was divided into six denominations: one yuan, five yuan, ten yuan, twenty yuan, fifty yuan, and one hundred yuan.
Take a hundred yuan as an example. On the left side of the front is a bust of Zhu Cixiang, and below it are the Chinese characters for "one hundred yuan" and the number 100, as well as a blind identification mark.
In the upper middle is a large number 100, below is a nine-clawed dragon with its head facing to the left, and on the right is an anti-counterfeiting watermark area, with a bust of Zhu Cixun visible facing the sun.
In the middle of the back is the national emblem of the Ming Empire, the auspicious symbol of dragon and phoenix, and above it is the oblique note "Northern Bank of the Ming Empire."
On the upper right side is the traditional Chinese character "One Hundred Yuan", below it is the number 100 and the blind identification mark, and on the left is the watermark area.
One dollar is gray, five dollars is green, ten dollars is pink, twenty dollars is blue, fifty dollars is purple, and one hundred dollars is golden.
As long as you are not color blind, it is very easy to identify the denomination when faced with differentiated banknote colors.
Regarding the scale of issuance, Zhu Cixi also has corresponding countermeasures.
Based on the total population of the new homeland of the Ming Empire, the Imperial Bank issued 100 billion yuan in banknotes, which averaged less than 200 yuan per person.
This is still half of the total, and the other 100 billion yuan in banknotes will be used to harvest the whole world!
Isn't this what Lijian, who will become the world's hegemon in later generations, does? As long as he sits on the throne of the hegemon, who can't cut leeks?
How to harvest the whole world specifically?
If Zhu Cixiang takes banknotes to buy other people's things, the other party will most likely regard him as an IOU.
It's definitely not possible to play this way, and Daming's reputation will soon be overdrawn by himself.
First, call on the soldiers of the Ming Dynasty, military suppliers, and leading merchants in various industries to exchange silver coins for banknotes.
In this way, a large amount of silver coins would be collected, and then the silver coins would be used to buy things from overseas partners.
As long as there is no shelf life of things, such as coal, ore or metal semi-finished products, you can eat a lot.
Don't be afraid of losing money due to depreciation and risking your money, because subsequent operations will not make you lose money.
This action must continue for a period of time to convince the partners that the Ming Empire is not short of money at all.
When the foodies are done eating, they stop eating and announce that in the Ming Dynasty, silver coins have been replaced by paper money.
What does this mean?
Silver coins began to depreciate in the international market...
Ming Dynasty had the best silver coins, so the amount of depreciation suffered was minimized.
After the exchange rate of banknotes is linked to silver coins, once the silver coins depreciate, the purchasing power of banknotes will automatically increase.
More importantly, Daming's total industrial production value, total agricultural production value, total financial income value, and net financial income value are more than half of the world's.
In this case, with hardcore allies as the vanguard, banknotes can challenge the status of Yao silver coins as the first international currency.
Paper money cannot replace it overnight, but over and over again.
With the support of the Ming Empire, paper money can become the second international currency.
The whole process will take thirty or even fifty years, but Zhu Cixiang is completely patient in waiting.
The remaining work is to let factories produce industrial products like crazy and let farmers diversify crops.
With enough commodities and food, the material foundation has been laid, and the status of paper currency has also risen.
In the new homeland, people were not forced to exchange silver coins for banknotes in the early stage because the concept could not be converted quickly.
Many elderly people have great resistance to exchanging a bag of silver coins for a piece of paper in the bank's hand.
They thought this was cheating them out of their money, and neither the court nor the government had any good intentions...
Therefore, the benefits of banknotes must be broadcast on a long-term and rolling basis through television, radio, newspapers, and magazines.
The army, state-owned enterprises, public institutions, and local government offices took the lead in promoting the use of banknotes, and the monthly salaries of officials were also changed to banknotes.
No government, garrison, unit or individual may forcibly exchange banknotes for silver coins in their hands.
Everything is done on a voluntary basis, especially private enterprises, self-employed individuals, salaried workers and farmers must ensure that they are not taken advantage of by scammers.
The only exchange locations for banknotes are the branches and sub-branches of Northern Bank. No other bank is allowed to undertake this business and can only engage in the business of accepting customer banknotes in exchange for silver coins.
As a precaution, each person can exchange up to NT$1,000 in banknotes at a time, and businesses can exchange up to NT$1,000,000 in banknotes at a time.
As for the problem that some people think that if they change their wages from silver coins to banknotes, they may only receive a piece of paper after working for a month.
This is very easy and economical. The largest circulation is not the one-hundred-yuan denomination, but the one-yuan denomination banknote.
Even if someone can only earn ten silver coins a month, he can still receive ten pieces of paper!
In the past, the most popular items on the market were leather bags for holding silver coins. After the issuance of banknotes, leather wallets, commonly known as "wallets", became an item that people rushed to buy.
I have to say that the wallet is much bulkier than the leather bag. It is very light and easy to carry. It can be put directly into the pocket of clothes or pants, and it will not be shaken when walking.
Factories that produce leather bags will not suffer losses or even close down due to the issuance of banknotes. The market for leather bags is still huge, and the imperial court also helped develop the wallet market.
Clothing factory bosses with a keen sense of smell were quick to follow suit, prompting designers to launch a line of clothes and trousers with pockets suitable for wallets.
In the past, the pockets inside the coat were located on both sides of the abdomen and were large in size. The purpose was to allow customers to easily place leather bags containing silver coins.
Nowadays, the size of the pocket is much larger than before, and the position has been moved up to the left side near the ribs, so that it is easier for customers to take out wallets with their right hand.
However, there are still many left-handed customers, so the manufacturer simply kept it the same as before, designing pockets on both sides so that customers can put it on whichever side they like.
After the issuance of banknotes, the fastest exchange rate was the army.
The reason is very simple. Soldiers go to the battlefield with their leather bags. There are artillery fires on the battlefield. Their leather bags are punched with bullets by the enemy, and silver coins are falling out. They may not be able to hear clearly. They are focused on what to do. Save your life.
It would be much better to replace it with a wallet. Even if a hole is punched in the wallet, all the banknotes inside will be penetrated by bullets. As long as 80% of the face of the note is still there and can be identified, it can be exchanged for brand new banknotes after the war. .
The disadvantage of banknotes is that they are neither waterproof nor fireproof. As long as they are carried with you, the problem of fire is unlikely to occur.
For waterproofing, you can put a plastic bag outside the wallet. If you are unlucky, just put two plastic bags and wrap them tightly.
When swimming in arms, a wallet is tied to the top of one's head, so that unless one gets cramps and drowns, it is impossible to get the banknotes wet.
As for state-owned enterprises and government offices at all levels, they can only bite the bullet and exchange banknotes. This is an important task assigned by superiors.
Fortunately, since the income of these two major types of units is stable, there are deposits from top to bottom, and before the issuance of banknotes, everyone has been informed to save appropriately.
As long as an individual has a certain amount of silver coins in his hand, he can meet his daily non-paper money expenses.
Considering the difficulties faced by everyone, Emperor Haojing asked state-owned stores and wet markets to take over the task of customers spending paper money.
In the entire circulation process, as long as there is one link that cannot allow banknotes to flow through, cerebral thrombosis is very likely to occur.
First, give everyone time to redeem, and then give everyone space to spend.
As time goes by and the scope becomes wider, the large-scale circulation of banknotes will become a reality.
In the early years of circulation, that is, in the first ten years, individual traders had every right to refuse to accept banknotes.
If you are deceived and receive fake items and cannot find the real owner, you will suffer corresponding losses.
There are monitors in state-owned stores and vegetable markets. Before getting off work, I will tap the money. If I find banknotes, I will contact the factory guard. I will immediately look through the video to determine the approximate time, and then start to follow the clues...
Because it is basically impossible to produce only one or two fake printed materials. To print them, tons of copies will be printed, and then transported to various places in installments and batches, and exchanged dispersedly to avoid being discovered by factory guards.
If someone really made a thousand and eight hundred fakes and then gave up the job, the factory guards really couldn't catch him, and there was no need to catch him. This kind of person is a mentally retarded person and would not pose much actual harm to the court. .
Compared with silver coins, banknotes are easier to carry due to their thinness and thinness. A hundred-dollar bill is equivalent to a bag of silver coins, and it has become the first choice item for some people when running away.
What makes Zhu Cixiang feel ridiculous is that the Ming Dynasty has not yet signed relevant agreements with France, the Netherlands, Prussia, Ottoman and other countries on the exchange of banknotes for silver coins.
After those guys who ran away wanted to spend paper money after they had spent all their silver coins, they were caught by the relevant personnel of the other party not long after.
The act of spending banknotes is not illegal in those countries. The problem is that the other party has obtained relevant information about wanted criminals, and consuming banknotes has become its most obvious feature.
Ming businessmen who usually go abroad will carry passbooks and only keep a small amount of silver coins with them. When doing cross-border business, especially large-value transfers, they are settled at the bank's premises, so there is no risk.
People who don't follow this path will easily run into problems, and the other party's key targets are precisely these people.
For businessmen who operate in accordance with the law, of course, they are welcome to use banknotes instead of silver coins. On the one hand, it is easy to carry.
The colorful notes are much prettier than the cold silver coins, and the new coins also have an intoxicating smell of ink.
The current issuance and exchange scope only involves the new homeland, excluding Nanyang, East Africa, South America, Mexico and many governor-general areas directly under the imperial court.
These areas will serve as the second batch of distribution areas, the third batch will be the territory of the emperor's eldest son and the emperor's second son, and many vassals will be the final finishing touches.
It is not impossible for other countries to exchange banknotes. Zhu Cixiang will not force his old friends to exchange banknotes.
Everything is voluntary, even if you use brand new banknotes as personal collections.
If someone takes advantage of this opportunity and plans to print unauthorized copies in large quantities.
The emperor would have to have a good communication with him, and the other party would have to accept it or give it back.
Otherwise, a certain emperor would have asked the busy Ming Dynasty King to teach him a lesson...
