In mid-June, the annual Wulin appreciation event in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang began in Delengen, south of Qiji Lake.
The Wulin Administration Office faces the Heilongjiang River (called Manhui River in ancient times) and is backed by a vast alluvial plain. The endless forest not far away is like emeralds dotted on the black earth. The water flow here is very gentle and the width of the river is five to six hundred meters, making it easy for boats to berth.
As soon as dawn broke, there was a lot of excitement outside the office. Hundreds of border residents from all over the country walked out of tents made of birch bark, stretched themselves, and walked to the river to fetch water. There are no border residents settled here, all the people come from all over.
The Oroqen and Daur people from the southern foothills of the Outer Xing'an Mountains drove moose and carried various precious furs; while the Hezhe and Feyaka people from the north of Qiji Lake, the Heilongjiang Estuary, and the Ussuli River drove fast horses. The boat was filled with dried fish, and brought as tribute mink skins and pure white sea turtles. Many Hezhe people come with their whole families, young and old, even bringing birch bark tents and cooking utensils, and fish all the way here.
Wu Kambei and Serdan walked out of the tent of the Zaksulu tribe, set up an iron pot in the open space, poured in the washed millet, fish hair (fish floss) and bacon pieces, and cooked a meal. Buda porridge from Guohe Zheren. By the time the two of them had eaten and drank enough, the sun had already risen high.
The two of them looked at each other, went back to the tent and took a dozen boxes of matches, rolled them up with a few pieces of animal skin, put them under their armpits, and slowly walked around outside the office.
Wukanbei and Serdan arrived yesterday afternoon. Their purpose of coming to Deleng this time was to investigate the situation of each tribe.
In May, Zhao Xin asked them to find out the settlements of border residents in various parts of the Northeast in order to prepare in advance for the establishment of villages and towns along Heilongjiang in the future. The two of them thought that there was nothing more appropriate than a visit to the Wulin Appreciation Party; so they first went to Balke Village, and then mixed in with the team of Zak Sulu's tribe and took a boat south.
Because many tribes are located in remote areas and lack information, they do not know much about Beihai Town, so they do not know about the big market outside Fuldan City. Therefore, the tasks they shoulder also include promoting the market in Fuldan City to attract more border tribes to trade.
The Manchu Qing Dynasty had the habit of rewarding tribute minks to various tribes since the Huangtaiji period. After entering the customs, the content of rewards is constantly adjusted.
Starting from October every year, the Ministry of Rites in Shengjing will prepare a list of supplies for the next year and report it to the Ministry of Household Affairs in the capital. In November and December, Ningguta and Sanxing Dutong Yamen will transport the prepared Wulin (satin, cotton, daily necessities) back to Wula, Jilin, and wait until February or March of the next year before transferring it to Ningguta and Sanxing city.
In fact, the annual tribute mink reward to Wulin required a large amount of financial, material and manpower resources from the Qing government, and the tribute mink head tax collected was far lower than the various costs consumed during the period. This can be regarded as a large financial subsidy given to ethnic minorities by the central government in the feudal era.
It was this kind of Ulin reward that was cost-effective and meticulous to every stitch. With the implementation of the annual tribute mink reward to Wulin policy, the dependence of the border people on the Qing court continued to increase and gradually formed a political affiliation.
Just like the Zaksulu tribe, Beihai Town has treated them very favorably. Whether it is matches, candles, or iron and cloth, they are all traded at very favorable prices. However, Saharian still brings his tribe to Delengen every year. Pay the poll tax. Because in addition to receiving a large amount of Ulin rewards after paying the poll tax, they also had a lot of additional benefits during the days of participating in the Ulin rewards.
For example, during the five-day stay in the Administrative Office, the Administrative Office will set up four banquets for entertainment, and everyone can participate. In addition to wine and meat, there are also rice, sticky rice cakes, fried cakes (fried sesame seeds or melon seeds) and other foods. . These are delicacies that border residents rarely have access to.
In addition to the banquet, the Administrative Office will also distribute corresponding accommodation rations according to the length of stay; the standard is 8 in 3 scoops of rice (10 in 1 liter) per person per day.
The third item is to distribute rations on the way back and forth, which are formulated according to the distance of each department; those who are close will be given more than one bucket, and those who are far away will be given three buckets.
In addition to the above, they can also conduct over-the-counter transactions while staying in the administrative office.
Therefore, if Beihai Town wants to win the hearts and minds of the people from the Manchus, especially those in the outer northeast, there is actually still a long way to go.
The front of the entire office is thirty meters wide and is surrounded by a double-layered fence made of logs. The place where tribute minks are received is inside the fence.
Serdan and Wukanbei followed Saharian and other members of the Zaksuru tribe and squeezed through the crowd. They came to the outer gate and stood at a sign with the words "Those who are five feet tall will receive a mink every year." Under the square wooden sign.
The wooden fence was already crowded. Many border residents gathered here with their respective clan chiefs and surname chiefs, waiting to be called to pay the poll tax. These people looked at the tributes on their shoulders and were still talking loudly.
"Have you changed the matches? Let me tell you, that is really a magical item, it is so useful!"
"It doesn't matter if you cut the match. I changed it to a lantern this morning. No matter how strong the wind is, it can't blow it out."
"I heard that the Zacsulu Department has bought a lot of good things from the south... Hey, look, look, they are here."
At this time, three bangs were heard from the office inside the fence. Everyone stopped making noise and looked up at the back of another square fence in the double-layer fence wall. It was surrounded by a blue tent, and several tax collectors in official uniforms were sitting inside.
A sturdy official came out from behind the curtain and shouted angrily at the sound of the urn outside: "Under the rule of the three surnamed deputy capitals, the surname of Zaksurusa of the Hezhe tribe, Sahalian is in the hall~~"
Saharian, who was newly dressed and wearing a straw hat, responded in a long voice, brushed off the non-existent dust on his fish leather clothes, and led a group of men, women, and children from Balk Village, filed into the double-decker gate, and then walked in the square Line up outside the fence gate.
Serdan and Ukanbe did not go in. They were not on the roster of people in Balk Village. When the time comes, there would be no way to explain if the roll call tribute would not match.
Inside the fence, the surnamed Chang Saharian saluted the three officials in the blue cloth tent and said: "The surnamed Chang Saharian sends my regards to you all!"
At this time, everyone in Balke Village bowed their heads and did not dare to breathe. I saw Saharian taking off his straw hat, holding it in his arms with one hand, kneeling on his knees, kowtowing three times, taking out the list of people with the surname of this village from his arms, and reported in a long voice: "The Hezhe people with the surname of Sa are reporting to the village this year. Long Live Lord Yu Gong~~"
Following the long note of Saharian, the sound of reed flute and harmonica began to play in the venue. The three officials stood up respectfully, dusted their sleeves and held their hats, kneeled facing south, and kowtowed three times before standing up to receive the tribute. .
Saharian stood up, took the tributes from the tribesmen behind him, and passed them to an official. At the same time, a person standing nearby read out the list of tributes in a writing style: "Twenty sable skins for the royal family, twenty sable skins for the royal family, ten sea greens for the royal family, and catfish Two hundred pounds of bones, ninety-nine pieces of fine wood and alexandrite, and one hundred pickled whitefish..."
After the tributes were handed over, the music stopped and the three tax collectors returned to their seats and sat down. The Bi Tie Shi just now held a list of people with the surname Sa and called them one by one.
Anyone whose name is read must come forward and pay a mink skin. This is a tribute mink, which is different from the tribe's tribute just now.
The first person whose name was read was Saharian, followed by the villagers from each family. Each family had a sable skin. The official responsible for inspection took it one by one and checked whether it was damaged and whether the quality was good or bad to determine the grade; Then he put it in front of three tax officials for review.
After the whole clan has paid the head tax, the next step is to reward Wu Lin.
As the surname leader, Saharian got a whole piece of python satin made by Jiangning Weaving, white silk measuring four feet and five feet, makeup satin one foot and eight inches, red silk two feet and five inches, and home-made cloth three feet and one inch; Two pieces of green cloth, four feet of white cloth, and twenty-six taels of cotton. Four pieces of scattered woolen green cloth, one foot of Korean handkerchief, two pieces of three-foot silk lining, two pieces of woolen green cloth in the form of a hat, belt, boots, and socks, one comb and grate, thirty needles, one headband, and three belts Pair, three locks of thread, four qian of cotton suture, eight buttons, and a small leather box.
Other villagers rewarded two pieces of woolen green cloth, three feet and five feet of Korean cloth, one foot and three inches of satin, two feet and five inches of red silk, one piece of woolen green cloth and two feet of white cloth each for shirts and trousers (required); two pieces of cotton Sixteen taels. Two loose pieces of woolen green cloth, handkerchief (required) five feet of Korean cloth, two pieces of three-foot silk lining, two pieces of woolen green cloth folded into hat, belt, boots and socks, one comb and grate each, thirty needles, head wrap One piece, three pairs of straps, three locks of thread, six cents of cotton suture, and eight buttons.
When the whole process entered the process of appreciating the wulin, the original solemn atmosphere during the tribute was gone. Instead, people were comparing each other's rewards from the court, explaining their uses, commenting on the quality of the cloth, and the noise returned inside and outside the fence. .
The Manchu and Qing officials did not reprimand, they were all busy with their own business. The three tax collectors were drinking tea and looking at the scene in front of them with smiles. After the officials received the tributes and presented Wulin during the day, they returned to the boat on the riverside to rest at night; they would do it all over again the next day.
When the people of Balk Village returned to their camp happily with the rewards from the Qing court, Wukanbei and Serdan had already walked around other tribes and got a lot of news.
At this moment, two border residents dressed as Saurons came over and hugged Saharian with a smile. He opened his mouth and said, "I heard that you have a magical stick here that can ignite fire with just one stroke. We would like to exchange some."
Why are you all here? Isn't it just to do business? Saharian looked at the two of them and saw that their faces and clothes did not look like Hezhe people, so he asked: "Where do you two come from?"
One of them said: "We are people from Sauron's tribe, coming from Ravkai."
Saharian said in surprise: "Oh my God! You have traveled far enough this time!"
Ravkai is west of Yaksa, and the two of them have to walk at least a thousand miles of waterway from there. Saharian thought of this, so he whispered to the two of them: "There is that thing. One piece of leather is exchanged for one box. Each box can be used a hundred times."
After hearing this, the two people didn't even pay back the price. They directly took two fox skins from the package they were carrying and handed them over. After the two people got the matches, they looked at them carefully for a long time. One of them suddenly whispered to Saha. Lian asked: "Brother, where did you get this thing from?"
Saharian frowned: "Why do you ask this? The court won't let you go there."
"Can you tell us what it's like there? I heard that a group of short-haired Han Chinese live there?"
Wu Kambei was sitting aside smoking a dry cigarette at this time. Hearing this, his heart moved and he opened his mouth and asked: "What do you call the two brothers?"
"My name is Aimorgen, and his name is Bartelsang. What do you call me, brother?"
"My name is Wu Kambei. Sit down and have a rest, everyone coming from far away is a guest." Wu Kambei said with a smile, took the two of them to sit down, filled two bowls of porridge, and gave them fish cakes. People eat.
After the two of them had eaten, Wukanbei added another bag of dry tobacco and said with a smile: "Where will your tribe settle down?"
Emorgen smiled and said: "Wherever the deer go, we go. Brother Wukanbei, how on earth do we get to this Han market?"
Wukanbei thought for a while and then said: "I heard that it goes south along the Songacha River and reaches Xingkai Lake." The Songacha River he mentioned is actually the southern tributary of the Wusuli River.
Emerogen said: "Thank you so much, brother Wukanbei."
While the three of them were talking, Serdan leaned aside and pretended to take a nap, but he was thinking about these two Evenkis. He was an old hunter and had been a scout for several years. He always liked to think when things happened. Serdan thought that it was too far to go from the Irtysh River to Deleng! From what he and Wu Kambei found out, many Hezhe people living in Sanxing City didn't know that there were Han people in Fuldan City, let alone the Ewenki people.
Before he and Ukanbe set off from Fuldan City, Zhao Xin specifically told him that the Ewenki people have their own names in Daiqing and Tsarist Russia. The Ewenki people in Daiqing are called Solon, and the Ewenki people in Tsarist Russia are called Yakut, Yakut, and Tsarist Russia. Tunguska.
After eating, Aimorgen and Bartelsang chatted asking questions for a while, and then left. But Serdan remembered the appearance of these two people.
Two days later in the afternoon, Serdan was taking a walk in a red willow forest. When he just came out of the forest, he found that Aimorgen and a Qing court official had walked near a secluded creek branch. Arguing fiercely about something.
Serdan looked around, then turned around and went into the willow forest, making a big circle inside, stepping on rotten leaves mixed with water, dodging swarms of mosquitoes and flying insects, and finally walked around behind the two of them. About seven or eight meters away. He squatted down quietly and listened to the two people talking quietly.
"Although I have a friendship with Father Tulev, we had a gentleman's agreement with each other when we were in the capital. Why do you insist on getting entangled?"
"Before I came, the priest made an explanation. He said that you still owed him an old debt. I went to visit the Sanxing City Mansion before. I heard that the Lord was here, so I followed him here..."
The official suddenly stopped talking. He turned around and looked around for a while before saying, "I have official duties and am just serving the emperor."
Emergen took out a package from his arms, opened it and said to the official: "Sir, this is a little thought that the priest asked me to bring you. This matter is easy for you. When we do things, we will not let our friends be crucified. of."
The official said: "What do you want?"
"I just want a picture from you."
"What picture?"
Emerogen put his mouth to the official's ear and whispered for a while. Seldan listened carefully but could not hear it at all.
After a while, the official rolled up the package and stuffed it into his sleeve, sighed and said, "It's just this time, it won't happen next time! I'll take the first step."
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