Because of Li Zicheng's "pretending", Dashun is now in Yongchang for four years. On the other side of the Qing Dynasty, it was the fourth year of Shunzhi, which was all "four years", which was quite a coincidence. What is even more coincidental is that both the Qing Dynasty and Dashun chose similar development routes - both were the early models of Chinese feudal dynasties.
The Qing Dynasty and Dashun Dynasty were originally the newly emerged Chinese feudal dynasties!
The Qing Dynasty's ten-banner system (eight flags plus two green flags) was, to put it bluntly, an enhanced version of the Ming Dynasty's military household, and was not a system that came from the grasslands and deserts.
Dashun's old camp military system is "conferring land to soldiers", which is similar to the early government military system - early government soldiers had separate military status, and they were classified as civilians only after the reform of Emperor Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty. Now Dashun also combines soldiers and farmers. separation.
In addition to the ten-banner system and the old camp system, both Dashun and Qing Dynasty successively chose the land system of equalizing land at the mouth of the land, which was considered by later generations as a "magic trick".
This is actually a matter of course. The areas of Dashun and Daqing have low population densities - they are taking over the areas where there is tug-of-war. How many people can there be?
And isn’t it that fewer people and more land is a necessary condition for equalizing land according to population? Even a small-scale farmer economy requires a certain scale. If the scale of the small-scale farmer industry is too small, it will be difficult to maintain.
After all, it has to be maintained for decades before it can be considered a success, right?
If it takes three to five years to differentiate, and serious land annexation begins to appear again, that is not a real success.
Or just a few years after the land was divided, the farmers left their homes and went to the United States to become colonists. This was not a sign of the success of land equalization by population.
Of course, it is normal for a farmer to find it difficult to maintain the land allocated to one or two acres. For a family of five or six to own a few acres of thin farmland, that is simply not an economic scale that can sustain operations, and differentiation will inevitably occur very quickly!
Today, the territories of Dashun and Daqing do not have much population, enough to create a sustainable farm operation scale.
Moreover, they were at odds with the scholar-bureaucrat class for various reasons and could not get support from the latter at all. If they continue to protect the land ownership of nurses and do not adopt the system of land equalization based on population calculation, which is the easiest way to achieve stability, wouldn’t this be foolish?
Li Guo and Dorgon are not stupid, of course they know what to do!
So in the fourth year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, although the short-term trend of the Qing Dynasty did not look very good - the Qing army lost Yulin and Yan'an in Shaanxi. The Qing army in Shanxi still failed to capture Datong Prefecture, and allowed the Luliang Mountain anti-Qing base area to develop. In Shandong, the Qing army once again abandoned the Yishui camp and evacuated the city of Qufu.
But people who can really see the situation clearly know that the Qing Dynasty's rule in the Central Plains has been relatively stable!
Because by the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, 100,000 households of Zhenglv Banner officers and soldiers and more than 1.5 million households of poor farmers living in Henan, Shandong, Beizhili and Shanxi Province had obtained the land they dreamed of. .
Among them, the land granted to poor people is maintained at the standard of ten acres per mouth. Even taking into account the current climate conditions, this amount of land is enough for people to live, and they can live a relatively moist life.
Therefore, in the areas where the plan was completed, the resistance of the Han people has gradually subsided! Even the Caozhou Ming army (Li Huajing, Gong Wencaibu), which was surrounded by Qing troops for more than a year, was defeated by Duduo at the end of the third year of Shunzhi.
Unable to gain a foothold in Caozhou, Li Huajing and Gong Wencai were forced to lead the rest of their troops to break out and join Shi Kefa, who was entrenched in Qufu.
In addition to the defeat of the Ming army in Caozhou, another good thing also happened to Dorgon in the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi - the envoy Bruce sent by General Cromwell, the protector of the Red Yi Kingdom, Finally arrived in Beijing, and also sent the souvenirs of the Hongyi Kingdom to Dorgon, the uncle of the Qing Emperor and the regent, twelve three-pound Hongyi cannons, plus twelve more in Shengjing by the craftsmen of the Eight Banners Han Army. A copy of the three-pounder (tutored by Bruce and other Englishmen).
Bruce had actually arrived in Shengjing a long time ago, but Dorgon did not summon them to Beijing immediately. This is because Dorgon does not trust these red-haired foreigners... Who doesn't know that Zhu Cixiang opened a commercial market in Shanghai to recruit foreign businessmen, and has a good relationship with the red-haired and yellow-haired foreigners!
How could this Hongyi country be on good terms with the Qing Dynasty? Is there some fraud involved?
So Dorgon listened to Fan Wencheng's suggestion and wanted to test the foreigners of the Red Yi Country - didn't they say that the specialty of the Red Yi Country was cannon?
Then teach some cannon-making skills to the Zhengbai Banner Han army who stayed in Shengjing!
Not to mention, this group of Hongyi people are really interesting. After working hard for more than half a year, they finally helped the craftsmen of the Zhengbai Banner Han Army to create twelve three-pound Hongyi cannons-in fact, the three-pound cannons were technically inferior to those of the Qing Dynasty. There is no difficulty that is insurmountable for the craftsman.
In terms of casting difficulty, the twelve-pound Hongyi cannon is much higher!
However, the three-pounder gun had higher weight and accuracy requirements, and a special gun mount had to be built, so it took some time.
In addition, the efficiency of the Qing Dynasty's "banner" handicraft industry was also a bit low. The craftsmen are all banner slaves and are not willing to learn new things - they are familiar with making the twelve-pound Hongyi cannon, and they have figured out all the "rules", such as how much material is used, how much time is spent, and what the scrap rate is. , counting up and down.
Therefore, the risk of craftsmen casting cannons is low, they are unlikely to be punished, and their lives are stable.
The three-pounder was a new product. If it wasn't ready, who would be responsible if it exploded during the Prince Regent's inspection?
Nowadays, the laws of the Ten Banners of the Qing Dynasty are very strict. If this happens, people will be held accountable. Maybe someone will lose their head...
Innovation is risky!
However, after procrastinating for a long time, the twelve three-pound red cannons were finally successfully cast.
Moreover, during this period, Bruce also trained a group of "Red Yi Cannon" operators for the Hongyi Cannon Niulu of Zhengbai Banner.
On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month of the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, a test firing was conducted on the school field of Fengtai Camp!
"Boom boom boom..."
The gunfire sounded intensively, and the muzzles of eight randomly selected three-pound cannons continued to emit fireworks, and they all fired at the same time. The shells flew in waves towards dozens of wooden targets three to four hundred paces ahead. . In a short time, more than half of them were smashed to pieces.
Sitting on a high platform watching the cannon, the smile on the face of Dorgon, the uncle of the Qing Emperor and the regent, could not be concealed.
Since the Battle of Bloody Creek, he has been worrying about being able to quickly move to the Ming army's artillery - he is a military strategist who has been fighting for half his life. He knows some artillery and is a master of cavalry. He also knows cavalry, The combined use of artillery and artillery is powerful.
But he didn't expect that the Ming army could make the cannon "fly"!
In previous battles between the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because the Qing army had an overwhelming advantage in cavalry, it had the initiative on the battlefield and its troops could maneuver calmly on the battlefield. On the contrary, the Ming army needed to maintain its formation and found it difficult to maneuver.
In this case, the Ming army's artillery that was very troublesome to deploy (general artillery, tiger squat artillery, attack artillery, and Fo Lang machine cannon) basically could not exert its power - the Qing army, which could move quickly, simply could not This gave the Ming army artillery too much time to arrange.
However, the Ming army's artillery that appeared on the battlefield of Xueliuxi was able to maneuver quickly, deploy quickly, and fire very quickly!
Their appearance can at least offset the Qing army's mobility advantage in the battle between the two armies, making the Qing army's assembly positions on the battlefield easy to be bombarded!
Moreover, the shield vehicles and artillery positions of the Qing army will also be destroyed by this new type of cannon that is extremely mobile and has an extremely fast rate of fire.
Therefore, Dorgon has been urging the Han army craftsmen of various banners to speed up the improvement of general cannons in the past half year, trying to use the general cannons with two-wheel gun mounts to fight against the new artillery of the Ming army.
However, the range of the general's artillery is too short. Even if the gun mount can be improved to fire quickly, it will be difficult to fight against the new artillery of the Ming army.
And this problem has finally been successfully solved with the help of our friends in England!
