In 1903, Liang Qichao published "The Biography of King Zhao Wuling, the First Great Man After the Yellow Emperor", describing the achievements of King Zhao Wuling's reforms.
The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Seven Hegemons of the Warring States Period both came to dominate one side after experiencing profound social changes. Although Qin's dominance benefited from Shang Yang's reforms insisted on by Qin Xiaogong, there is a reason why Liang Qichao did not list Qin Xiaogong as the greatest man after the Yellow Emperor.
Taiwanese scholar Bai Yang also believes that "Mr. Zhao Yong is a legendary figure. From his insistence on changing clothes and updating equipment, we can see his strong observation and strong will. Zhao's territory doubled in his hands, and his combat effectiveness also increased." Doubled. If he can live another twenty years, Qin may be seriously threatened, and it is difficult to predict how history will develop." (Bo Yang's "Baihua Zizhi Tongjian") Zhao Yong here is King Zhao Wuling.
King Zhao Wuling is a legendary figure. When he first succeeded to the throne, he easily resolved the severe test.
After the success of the joint vertical strategy centered on Zhao State, not only did Qin dare not peek east of Hangu Pass for 15 years, but other vassal states were also very afraid of Zhao State. The king of Zhao at that time was the famous Marquis Zhao Su. And King Wuling of Zhao was the son of Marquis Zhao Su.
However, the good times did not last long. In 326 BC, Marquis Su of Zhao passed away, and the burden of history fell on the shoulders of the young King Wuling of Zhao.
In the name of mourning, Qin, Wei, Qi, Han, Chu and other countries went to Zhao one after another, and envoys from each country were followed by tens of thousands of troops. Among these countries, Wei State most wanted to take advantage of Zhao State's chaos to attack Zhao State, because Zhao Suhou had captured Wei State in a competition with Wei State.
Zhao Suhou inherited the wisdom and martial arts of Zhao Jianzi, Zhao Xiangzi and Zhao Chenghou. Knowing that the various vassal states were not good people, he arranged auxiliary ministers for the young King Wuling of Zhao in advance. With the help of Gongzi Cheng and Fei Yi, King Zhao Wuling easily resolved the threats of several countries, demonstrating his ability for the first time.
First, King Wuling of Zhao, who was only 15 years old, declared that Zhao State was under martial law. The four famous places in Zhao State, Daijun, Taiyuan County, Shangdang County and Handan, were on strict guard against the enemy and were ready to fight at any time. Secondly, Zhao State united with South Korea and Song Dynasty to form the armies of Zhao, Han and Song Dynasty, putting the four countries of Qin, Wei, Chu and Qi in a passive situation where they were attacked by multiple enemies. Again, the State of Zhao bribed the kings of Yue, Loufan, and Zhongshan to carry out sabotage activities in the rear areas of Chu and Yan respectively, in order to contain Chu and Yan. Finally, King Wuling of Zhao solemnly declared that no army from any country could enter Zhao's territory, and only envoys were allowed to enter.
There were soldiers everywhere in the Zhao Kingdom, with everyone holding swords, guns, and bows and arrows. The envoys from the five countries knew that they would not get any advantage, so they all gave up the idea of sneak attacks on the Zhao Kingdom.
Although the danger of "community burial" among the five countries was resolved, King Zhao Wuling was still worried because Zhao was still at the focus of the war. First of all, there is the powerful Qi State in the east of Zhao State, Wei State and South Korea in the south, and the wolf-like Qin State in the west. The situation in the north is more complicated, with Donghu, Xiongnu, Linhu and Loufan. What makes the situation even more difficult is that Zhongshan State lies in the middle of Zhao State, which can be said to be a close enemy.
Once, with the support of Wei Wenhou, general Le Yang destroyed the Zhongshan Kingdom. However, with the development of society, Wei State was chased by Qin State and had no time or ability to take care of the distant Zhongshan State. Taking this opportunity, Zhongshan Kingdom was resurrected.
Zhongshan State was like a sharp dagger, which directly divided Zhao State into two parts, north and south, making it inconvenient for Handan, the capital of the south, to control the north. Because the north, headed by Daijun, represents nomadic civilization, and most of them are ethnic minorities, while the south, represented by Handan, represents farming civilization, and most of them are Han people. From the south to the north, there is only a bumpy path, which is inconvenient for military vehicles to drive in. Relying on this natural advantage and being good at fighting on horseback, the Zhongshan Kingdom became very rampant.
Whenever a major event occurs in the Central Plains, countries such as Yan and Qi will collude with Zhongshan to contain or attack Zhao. Although Zhao Suhou was shrewd and capable, and repeatedly defeated Qi, Wei, Yan and other countries, he still failed to solve the Zhongshan Kingdom.
Considering the way of fighting, because of the Zhongshan State, Zhao State had to face two difficult wars. The first type is positional warfare in the Central Plains, which mainly uses chariots and battle formations; the second type is the fighting style of ethnic minorities, which mainly uses cavalry and spears.
Zhao's army is mainly composed of Han people. The combat training they received is based on the fighting methods of the Central Plains. It is easy to deal with the first type of war. However, it lacks the ability to deal with the second type of combat. Therefore, whenever Zhongshan attacked Zhao's border, Zhao felt powerless.
In order to deal with Zhongshan Kingdom wholeheartedly, King Zhao Wuling first made good friends with other vassal states. In 325 BC, the King of Wei and his crown prince came to Zhao to congratulate King Wuling of Zhao on his succession to the throne. King Han Xuanhui also led the crown prince to celebrate. Immediately afterwards, Zhao Guo married a Korean clan daughter as his wife, and his relationship with South Korea became closer.
In domestic affairs, King Zhao Wuling appointed Zhao Bao as the prime minister of the country. At the same time, three learned masters and three fault supervisors were set up, who were responsible for the words and deeds of King Zhao Wuling. Also, when dealing with important government affairs, King Zhao Wuling would consult Fei Yi first.
In order to win the hearts and minds of the people, the court gave gifts every month to all those over eighty years old with good moral character; in order to inspire the loyalty of officials, King Zhao Wuling promoted their grades and increased their salaries.
What is even more commendable is that King Wuling of Zhao rejected the suggestion of "the Prime Minister of the Five Kingdoms" advocated by Gongsun Yan. He said: "If there is no truth, how dare you use its name!" (Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Zhao Family")
The kings of the vassal states all cherished false fame and called themselves kings one after another, but King Wuling of Zhao was willing to be the "king" because he clearly knew his purpose.
Unlike Zhao Suhou's purpose of fighting for hegemony among the vassal states in the Central Plains, Zhao Wuling's purpose was to develop northward and capture the Hu region. First of all, fighting for hegemony in the Central Plains is not an overnight success and requires long-term efforts; secondly, if the Zhongshan State, which is a serious enemy of the country, is not solved, it will definitely hinder Zhao's march into the Central Plains; thirdly, although Zhongshan State is not easy to fight, as long as it dares to reform, Zhao Guo will definitely win.
With the dream of a statesman, the courage of a reformer and the vision of a strategist, King Zhao Wuling decided to carry out an unprecedented reform in Zhao.
King Wuling of Zhao, riding and shooting in Hufu
King Wuling of Zhao did not move to the north willingly, but was forced by the situation. Because if Zhao State does not develop to the north, it will be threatened by Qin State.
In the second year after refusing to be king, that is, in 317 BC, Zhao State joined forces with Han and Wei to attack Qin State. As a result, Qin defeated the armies of the three countries and killed more than 80,000 Zhao soldiers in one go. The next year, Qin sent out troops again and captured Zhao's Zhongdu and Xiyang.
The Qin State was aggressive. If it were not for the civil strife in the Yan State caused by King Kuai's abdication, the Zhao State would have suffered a greater blow. Taking advantage of the civil strife in Yan, the State of Zhao welcomed the prince who was serving as a hostage in South Korea. At the same time, the State of Qin sent troops to quell the rebellion of the State of Yan, and the crown prince successfully succeeded to the throne. After the crown prince succeeded to the throne, Yan State terminated its alliance with South Korea and established good relations with Zhao State.
Although Yan is Qin's in-law country, Qin will not let go of Yan's ally Zhao. In 313 BC, Qin once again sent out an army to attack Zhao. In this battle between Qin and Zhao, Zhao was defeated again. Qin captured Lincheng of Zhao and captured Zhao Zhuang, the general of Zhao.
Facing such a powerful Qin State, if Zhao State does not carry out reforms and adjust its strategy, it will definitely be defeated by Qin State.
In 309 BC, King Wuling of Zhao came to Jiumen and built a wild platform as a fortification to watch Qi and Zhongshan. The army of Qi State is not much different from that of Zhao State, but the army of Zhongshan State is different from the two.
The army of Zhongshan Kingdom was mainly composed of strong war horses and sturdy cavalry. Their war horses are tall horses that are a specialty of the north. They are very powerful and can run very fast. The cavalrymen wore leather hats, tight-fitting jackets, and skinny trousers. They also wear armor, but the armor is very light and does not tire people or horses.
Matching the decoration of Zhongshan soldiers, their weapons are bows and arrows. Whenever there was a sneak attack, countless cavalrymen rushed toward the enemy's battle formations one by one. The sound of horse hooves hitting the ground was like thunder, and the momentum was very terrifying. What makes the opponent unable to fight back is that they do not rush into the battle formation, but shoot arrows while riding on galloping horses.
The soldiers of the Zhongshan Kingdom attacked with great speed. In the direction of their arrows, all the soldiers of the Zhao Kingdom fell down without hesitation. Seventy-eight people were injured or killed by the arrows. Immediately afterwards, Zhongshan soldiers on war horses would rush straight towards the Zhao army's battle formation. Zhao Jun had already suffered 78/10 casualties and was unable to resist at all. Those who could escape were injured by the horses, while those who could not escape were trampled to pieces by the horses.
Although Zhongshan's victory was small-scale, their fighting method posed a great threat to Zhao because Zhao Jun did not understand this style of fighting at all. Of course, after learning countless lessons, Zhao Jun will also protect himself with shields and fight back with chariots. However, both shields and chariots were bulky and clumsy. The Zhongshan Army took advantage of its speed and flexibility to surround the Zhao army, and arrows flew towards the Zhao army like locusts.
Since the enemy had advantages in speed and flexibility, King Zhao Wuling decided to learn from each other's strengths and embark on a reform. He required soldiers to wear Hu uniforms that were suitable for horseback riding and archery, and trained the troops to be good at horseback archery. A reform of riding and archery in Hu uniforms began.
In terms of purpose, King Zhao Wuling's reforms were to improve the combat effectiveness of the army, requiring soldiers to wear barbarian uniforms, and training in riding and archery was only a means, so it was a pure military reform. However, the State of Zhao was deeply influenced by the culture of the Central Plains. If the army were only allowed to wear Huge uniforms, it would cause a lot of criticism and even defeat the reform.
In order to win a comprehensive victory, the wearing of beards needs to be implemented nationwide. The first person under King Zhao Wuling to carry out ideological mobilization was Hu Renlou Xu.
There is an obvious distinction between Hu and Han in Zhao State. The Han people relied on their advanced culture and looked down on the Hu people. Therefore, King Zhao Wuling was the first to carry out Lou Huan's ideological mobilization work.
He said that looking back on the past, the ancestors of the Zhao family were so powerful that they connected the natural barriers of Zhangshui and Fushui, built the Great Wall to defend ethnic minorities, captured strategic places such as Lincheng and Guolang, and defeated the Linhu people who were rampant for a while. Now, the country is facing internal and external troubles, and the Zhongshan Kingdom, which has repeatedly invaded, is the biggest disaster. If even the small Zhongshan State cannot deal with it, the demise of Zhao State will be just around the corner. Investigating the reason, the reason why Zhao State was defeated was because the army's combat effectiveness was insufficient.
Finally, King Wuling of Zhao emphasized that "if you have the reputation of being a noble family, you must be burdened by legacy" (Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Zhao Family"). This means that if you want to achieve fame that is higher than that of the world, you must be involved in deviating from customs. These words are very similar to what Shang Yang said, and King Wuling of Zhao's reform spirit is also very similar to Shang Yang's.
Although King Zhao Wuling was resolute, the voice of the domestic opposition was still very loud, so he had to carry out ideological mobilization work again. The target of this mobilization is Fei Yi, the Minister of Gu Ming. If Fei Yi agrees, the resistance to reform will be greatly reduced.
After hearing that King Zhao Wuling was eager to inherit the great cause of Zhao Jianzi and Zhao Xiangzi, Fei Yi supported King Zhao Wuling's decision after implementing the changes. His original words were, "The king has no worries about his legacy and has no regard for the opinions of the world" (Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Zhao Family").
Therefore, King Wuling of Zhao was the first to put on Hu attire, and at the same time sent someone to tell Gongzi Cheng, hoping that he would also wear Hu attire to go to court.
The son's surname is Zhao and his given name is Cheng. He is the uncle of King Wuling of Zhao. King Zhao Wuling did not do the ideological work of Gong Zicheng because he felt that his own people would help his own people. As everyone knows, the biggest resistance to reform is the clan power represented by the young master.
After listening to the envoy's words of reform and mobilization, Prince Cheng not only claimed that he was ill and could not go to court in his garb, he also said: "China is a place where wisdom and favoritism live, a place where all wealth and wealth are gathered, a place of sages and sages." .”
Gong Zicheng put on a grand gesture of going to court in heaven, so King Zhao Wuling had to pay a visit and personally do the persuasion work. King Wuling of Zhao still emphasized that "the fruit of a saint can benefit his country, but it is not the same thing; the fruit can be used to facilitate his affairs, but it is not the same as etiquette."
After some thought-provoking enlightenment, and considering that the country had been repeatedly invaded by the Zhongshan Kingdom, Gongzicheng finally put aside his arrogance and high profile, abandoned common opinions, and went to court wearing a Hu costume.
When important people agreed to the changes and put on Hu attire as an example, King Zhao Wuling could issue a reform decree. A revolution, mainly in the form of changing clothing, was launched vigorously in the State of Zhao.
King Wuling of Zhao said, "The sage observes the countryside and adapts to the conditions, and adjusts the rituals according to the situation, so it benefits the people and benefits the country." Shang Yang also said, "You can only benefit the people, but you don't follow the etiquette." Shang Yang once said, "If you don't manage the world according to the rules, the country will not follow the ancient laws." King Wuling of Zhao also said, "The fruits of a saint can benefit the country, but not its use; the fruits can be used to facilitate things, but not its etiquette." It can be seen that there is a certain similarity between King Wuling of Zhao and Shang Yang.
The king who went deep behind enemy lines
The reform edict had just been issued, and clan forces headed by Zhao Wen, Zhao Zao and Zhao Jun jumped out to oppose it. As usual, King Zhao Wuling carried out ideological work on the opposition instead of using force. Under the instillation of the reform idea of "making laws at any time and making etiquette according to circumstances", Zhao Wen, Zhao Zao and Zhao Jun all surrendered and supported the reform.
After several years of changes, Zhao State trained an army specifically to deal with Beibei soldiers. Its military strength was greatly improved and it was able to confront Zhongshan State head-on. Over the years, King Wuling of Zhao did not forget to fight small-scale local wars, which could not only train the army but also weaken the Zhongshan Kingdom.
In 307 BC, Zhao State captured the Fangfang area of Zhongshan State (now west of Gaoyi, Hebei Province). The next year, he then advanced westward and captured Ningjia of Zhongshan Kingdom (now northwest of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province) and Yuzhong area of Beiren. Zhao Gu, the governor of Daijun, was also in charge of Yulin and recruited young men from the north to join the army.
The fire had reached his eyebrows, and King Linhu was very frightened, so he immediately offered Huma, a specialty of the Linhu area. Huma grows in areas with harsh natural environment, but its body and legs are long and strong, making it very suitable for war horses.
At the same time, King Wuling of Zhao sent five ambassadors to make friends with other surrounding vassal states. Lou Huan was sent as envoy to Qin, Qiu Lie was sent as envoy to South Korea, Wang Ben was sent as envoy to Chu, Fu Ding was sent as envoy to Wei, and Zhao Jue was sent as envoy to Qi.
After more than two years of careful preparation, Zhao State not only enhanced its combat effectiveness, but also dispelled other princely states' attempts to interfere with its invasion of Zhongshan State. More importantly, King Wuling of Zhao secretly sent an envoy headed by Li Chan to secretly investigate every move of Zhongshan Kingdom. Li Chan told King Zhao Wuling that if he wanted to attack Zhongshan Kingdom, he must seize the time, otherwise other countries would attack first.
It turned out that the king of Zhongshan loved the culture of the Central Plains and promoted more than 70 nerds from among the people to educate the people. If the Zhongshan Kingdom accepted the Central Plains culture, they would have to give up their riding and archery skills. In this way, Zhongshan Kingdom will become vulnerable.
After hearing this great news, King Wuling of Zhao was very excited and immediately mobilized an army to conquer Zhongshan Kingdom. This year was 305 BC.
The conquering army was divided into three groups, Zhao Yuan led the right army, Xu Jun led the left army, and Gongzizhang led the middle army, but they were all led by King Wuling of Zhao. Gongzizhang was the eldest son of King Wuling of Zhao. Although he was a prince, because of his bravery in battle and his repeated outstanding achievements, King Wuling of Zhao valued him very much and took him with him every time he went into battle.
As soon as the central army set off, Niu Jian and Zhao Xi mobilized Daijun's cavalry, commanded the chariots, and started moving in a mighty manner. The Central Army and the local army met in Quyang (now northwest of Quyang, Hebei) and captured the fortresses of Danqiu (now Dingxian, Hebei), Huayang (now northwest of Tangxian, Hebei), and Gushang (now Dingxian, Hebei).
What the Zhongshan Kingdom learned was the dregs of the Central Plains culture. It failed to give full play to its inherent advantages and was vulnerable to attack. Immediately afterwards, Haocheng, Shiyi, Fenglong and Dongyuan were successively captured by the Zhao army. King Zhongshan wanted to end the war as soon as possible, so he offered four cities and asked Zhao to withdraw his troops, and King Wuling of Zhao accepted it.
In 304 BC, King Wuling of Zhao adjusted the direction of his attack, sent troops to the Yuzhong area, went north to capture the Hezong clan and the Xiuming raccoon area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and established Jiuyuan County and Yunzhong County.
Jiuyuan and Yunzhong are just to the north of Qin, so Zhao's territory already borders Qin. Therefore, Bo Yang said: "If he (King Wuling of Zhao) can live another twenty years, Qin may be seriously threatened, and it is difficult to predict how history will develop." This is well-founded.
However, in 304 BC, Queen Hui, whom King Zhao Wuling loved deeply, passed away. King Wuling of Zhao agreed to make her youngest son Zhao He the crown prince, and sent general Zhao Yuan to assist Zhao He.
After less than a year's rest, in 303 BC, King Wuling of Zhao launched a second wave of attacks on Zhongshan Kingdom. In this attack, the Zhao army fought northward until they reached the Yan border. In this way, the land captured this time can be connected with Yunzhong and Jiuyuan, and the power of northern Zhao will be greatly enhanced.
May 299 BC was a big day that affected the history of Zhao State. In this month, King Wuling of Zhao held a grand court meeting in the East Palace and announced that he would pass the throne to Prince Zhao He. He retreated behind the scenes, called himself the master father, and devoted himself to the study of military affairs.
After paying homage to the ancestral temple, Zhao He sat on the throne of the king and was known as King Zhao Huiwen. The official positions of other officials remained unchanged, including that of his brother Zhao Zhang. Only Fei Yi, who was very loyal and loyal, was promoted to the state minister and also served as Zhao Zhang's teacher.
In order to benefit the queen, King Wuling of Zhao abolished Zhao Zhang's position as crown prince without any reason, which has laid hidden dangers for the development of the country. Not only that, King Zhao Wuling gave up his throne to the young Zhao He in advance, freeing up time to focus on military research, and once again planted hidden dangers that threatened the long-term development of Zhao.
At that time, King Zhao Wuling focused all his energy on foreign strategy and did not pay attention to the domestic situation or the subtle relationship between Zhao Zhang and Zhao He.
It is already very difficult for the Zhongshan Kingdom to survive seven or eight years of fighting before it is destroyed. Unexpectedly, King Wuling of Zhao suddenly became very ambitious and wanted to destroy the Qin Kingdom as well.
After passing the throne to Zhao He, King Wuling of Zhao led the scholar-bureaucrats to patrol the Hu region, hoping to send troops from Yunzhong and Jiuyuan to sneak attack the Qin State southward. However, the Qin State was too powerful, and King Wuling of Zhao did not dare to send troops rashly. He wanted to go to Qin State to investigate first.
"Historical Records" records that King Wuling of Zhao entered Qin in disguise. "King Zhaoxiang of Qin didn't know it, so he blamed him for his great appearance and his incompetence as a minister, so he was driven away. However, his father Chi had escaped."
What this means is that no matter how he dresses up, King Zhao Wuling does not look like a human minister. He had a majestic and monarch-like demeanor, which surprised King Qin Zhaoxiang.
It turned out that King Zhao Wuling not only wanted to see the topography of Qin, but also the person of King Qin Zhaoxiang. He believes that as long as he sees King Qin Zhaoxiang, he can understand King Qin Zhaoxiang. Once you understand King Qin Zhaoxiang, you will have a way to deal with Qin.
When King Qin Zhaoxiang found out that the extraordinary person was Queen Zhao Wuling, he was horrified!
Just after returning from Qin, King Wuling of Zhao took the opportunity to inspect the newly occupied land. Heading west from Daijun, King Wuling of Zhao met King Loufan at Xihe. King Loufan was very knowledgeable and took the initiative to join the Zhao Kingdom.
The next year, in 296 BC, King Wuling of Zhao launched a third wave of attacks on Zhongshan Kingdom. After eleven years of attack by Zhao State, Zhongshan State finally couldn't bear it anymore and surrendered to Zhao State.
There were two Zhongshan Kingdoms in history. The first was destroyed by Leyang, and the second was destroyed by King Wuling of Zhao. It can be seen that King Wuling of Zhao was a monarch with military strategies.
Starve to death King Wuling of Zhao
After the fall of Zhongshan Kingdom, one of the great wishes of King Zhao Wuling came true. He was very happy, granted amnesty to the world, and rewarded those who had merit. Zhao Zhang was named Lord Anyang, and his fiefdom was Dai County.
Daijun has most of Zhao's military power and is a difficult place to manage. What made the situation worse was that King Zhao Wuling actually asked the treacherous Tian Buli to assist Zhao Zhang.
"Historical Records" records that "Zhang Suchi was dissatisfied with what his younger brother had established." Coupled with Tian Buli's fanning the flames, Zhao Zhang felt that the throne should be his.
As the eldest son, Zhao Zhang should inherit the throne, but the throne was taken away by Zhao He, and he was dissatisfied. King Wuling of Zhao muddleheadedly enfeoffed Daijun, which was stationed with heavy troops, to Zhao Zhang. Zhao Zhang was a battle-hardened general, so he couldn't help but think of rebelling.
Zhao Zhang's mother came from a Korean royal family and was the original wife of King Zhao Wuling. Therefore, King Zhao Wuling's first marriage was based on political interests and little emotional factors.
After a few years, Zhao Zhang was born. According to convention, he is the prince. However, King Zhao Wuling had a ridiculous dream that completely destroyed the entire family.
In 310 BC, on his way out, King Wuling of Zhao had a sweet dream. He dreamed of a young girl playing the piano and singing: "The beauty is shining brightly, and her face is as glorious as a wildflower. Fate is fate, and I have never won!"
This girl was so beautiful, and her words were so sad and touching that the heroic King Zhao Wuling could not forget her for a long time. The next day, King Wuling of Zhao told the doctors about this dream.
Minister Wu Guang seized this great opportunity and recommended his daughter Wu Wa to King Zhao Wuling. What is even more strange is that after King Zhao Wuling met Wu Wa, he immediately determined that Wu Wa was the lover of his dreams.
Things developed naturally like this. Wu Wa was deeply favored by King Zhao Wuling and gave birth to Zhao He.
King Wuling of Zhao only saw the new people smiling but did not hear the old people crying. Zhao Zhang's old mother was so sad that she died in depression. Immediately afterwards, Wu Wa was conferred the title of Queen, and Zhao He was favored by King Zhao Wuling because of his mother's nobleness, and was established as the prince, eventually inheriting the throne.
After taking office in Daijun, Zhao Zhang and Tian Buli moved so much that many people saw the conspiracy.
For the sake of his good friend's life, Li Dui persuaded Fei Yi to give up his power as prime minister and hand it over to Prince Cheng. Li Dui means that Fei Yi "has a heavy responsibility and great power, is the beginning of chaos and the gathering of disasters" (Sima Qian's "Historical Records: Zhao Shijia"), so he should protect himself wisely.
However, Fei Yi disagrees. He believes that just because it is a big deal, he should persist to the end, even if it costs his life, instead of changing his mind. Fei Yi once said: "The dead are resurrected, and the living are worthy of it." This means that if the dead are resurrected, those who continue to survive will not feel the slightest bit of shame when facing the resurrected. These few sentences vividly express Feiyi's determination to stick to integrity until the end. Li Dui had nothing to say and left in tears.
In order to prevent Tian Buli from causing trouble, Li Dui visited Gongzi Cheng many times from then on.
Fei Yi is also a person who can discern subtleties. He told Xinqi that Zhao Zhang and Tian Buli were very treacherous and had ulterior motives. In order to satisfy their selfish motives, they even did not hesitate to fake the edict of King Zhao Wuling. From now on, no matter who summons Zhao He to see King Zhao Wuling, he must first obtain his consent.
In 295 BC, all the ministers came to Handan to worship. King Wuling of Zhao felt very uncomfortable when he saw the heroic Zhao Zhang giving a gift to the young Zhao He. In this painful situation, King Wuling of Zhao suddenly had the idea to divide the Zhao country into two, with Zhao Zhang ruling one half and Zhao He ruling the other half.
Since King Wuling of Zhao began to be partial, Zhao Zhang seized the opportunity and plotted to launch a mutiny. It happened that King Zhao Wuling was patrolling the sand dunes, so Zhao Zhang falsely conveyed King Zhao Wuling's order and summoned Zhao He to the Sand Dunes Palace.
For Zhao He's safety, Fei Yi will go first. If everything is normal, Zhao He will be allowed to go. However, Feiyi's trip fulfilled his value of "the dead are resurrected and the living deserve to be honored".
After Fei Yi was killed by Tian Buli's party, Li Dui and Gong Zicheng mobilized the central army and the troops from four nearby cities and rushed to the sand dunes.
As soon as the army arrived, it was like overwhelming the rebel forces. Tian Buli was hacked to death with random swords, and Zhao Zhang fled. Young Master Cheng succeeded in killing the rebels and was named Anping Lord. He took over Fei Yi's work and Li Dui was appointed Sikou.
The army was wiped out, and Zhao Zhang panicked and ran to the Sand Dune Palace alone. At the same time, King Wuling of Zhao also took in Zhao Zhang.
Prince Cheng and Li Dui led the army and sent troops to surround the Sand Dune Palace. Regardless of the process, Zhao Zhang did not escape anyway and eventually died in the Dune Palace. Of course, neither "Historical Records" nor "Warring States Policy" records how Zhao Zhang died.
Although the culprit Zhao Zhang is dead, the matter is not over yet. Because, Gongzi Cheng and Li Dui besieged King Zhao Wuling for a while. The two of them discussed that if they withdraw their troops, King Wuling of Zhao will definitely punish them and even destroy their clan after he is freed.
They would rather betray King Wuling of Zhao than King Wuling of Zhao. After making up their minds, Gongzi Cheng and Li Dui ordered that all those who lived in the palace and the last to come out would be exterminated.
As you can imagine, all the servants in the palace came out, leaving only King Zhao Wuling. It's not that King Wuling of Zhao doesn't want to come out, but that Young Master Cheng and Li Dui don't let him come out.
After more than three months of siege, King Zhao Wuling had no food to satisfy his hunger and eventually starved to death.
Li Dui and Gongzi Cheng were generally respected by King Zhao Wuling, and they were also very loyal to King Zhao Wuling. However, at a critical moment, especially when their vital interests were involved, Li Dui and Gongzicheng became desperate and did not hesitate to starve King Zhao Wuling to death. This incident shows how terrible the bloodshed among the royal family is.
Wu Cunli, a native of the Qing Dynasty, was deeply moved by what happened to King Wuling of Zhao and wrote a poem, which is a representative work in memory of King Wuling of Zhao.
Take some time to remember the Spring and Autumn Period and read all the vicissitudes of life in a cup of soil.
The native soldiers fought and won hundreds of battles, but they collapsed for a while.
The ancestral dragon dominates the car and expresses hatred, and the father's ambition is sorrowful in the palace.
Only the hazy moon on the sand still shines on the deserted Qiu.
