Chapter 188 "Regulations on China-Japan Repair"
On September 23, 1870, Japanese Foreign Minister Yanagihara Maemitsu arrived in Tianjin on an American merchant ship.
Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili, heard about it and immediately said: The Japanese today are the same as the Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty. They are far away from the Western Kingdom but close to China. If I have the ability to stand on my own, I will follow my example and see the shortcomings and strengths of the Westerners; if I do not have the ability to strengthen myself, I will imitate them and share the advantages of the Westerners. In recent years, one has declined and the other has increased, and the Japanese have become stronger and stronger than the British and French.
Empress Dowager Cixi answered the question and said, "What do you mean, Mr. Six?"
Prince Gong Yi Xin said: The people of the Japanese country have a cold nature, so you must be cautious when interacting with them.
Empress Dowager Ci'an said: Sima Guang once said: The Japanese country knows small etiquette but no great righteousness, sticks to small details but has no great virtue, pays attention to festivals but ignores integrity, fears power but does not harbor morality, the strong will be robbers and bandits, and the weak will be humble.
Empress Dowager Cixi said: Although the people of this Japanese country specialize in tricks, they should not be trusted easily. However, even a small state is also a state. Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili, negotiated on the spot, but the Japanese's request for a treaty was not allowed for the time being.
After hearing the news, Yanagihara Maemitsu, the foreign minister of Japan, immediately paid an audience with Li Hongzhang. After a few polite remarks, Yanagihara Maemitsu said: Britain, France, the United States, and Russia are trying to force trade with our country. I am unwilling to accept it, and I cannot resist alone. Since our country is the closest to China, we should first communicate with each other in order to work together as one.
Yanagihara Maemitsu's polite words were extremely respectful, and Li Hongzhang felt like a spring breeze and said happily: China and Japan have a long history of good neighborliness and friendship. I will immediately ask my emperor to conclude a treaty as soon as possible.
The next day, Li Hongzhang wrote to Prince Gong Yixin that the Japanese country was close at hand and would always be a nuisance to China. He might be able to win over them for my use, but if they refused they would be my enemies.
Yi Xin refused with great faith.
The contract cannot be concluded. Liuyuan Qianguang left in anger.
In spite of his anger, Li Hongzhang wrote to Zeng Guofan, the governor of Liangjiang. When he met his mentor, he was always rebellious and rampant. Jiangsu and Zhejiang were corrupted and coerced by the Westerners. The Japanese did not take the opportunity to invade at that time, nor did they take advantage of the danger to ask for a treaty. This also shows that he had peace of mind. Transformed. Our country has opened its doors to accept guests, and we must welcome guests regardless of whether they are strong or weak, near or far, and we can refuse them without exception. The Japanese country is close to our elbows and will always be a trouble for China. If we win over it, we may use it, but if we reject it, it will be our enemy. If we are good neighbors and friendly with our country, we can join forces as foreign aid. Don’t let Westerners rely on it to become a foreign government. There are many trees in the West. One enemy.
Zeng Guofan received the letter with concern, and exchanged letters with Li several times. The couplet said: "I heard that the Japanese made an agreement with the Westerners, purchased robot warships, imitated guns and railways, and sent people to the Western countries to learn various technologies. His ambition is to strengthen himself to resist bullying. After all, it is close to China but far away from the West. If you win over someone, it may be for my use, but if you reject someone, you will definitely become my enemy. After an agreement is reached in the future, it may be appropriate for the Nanyang Trade Minister to select appropriate personnel nearby and bring people from Jiangsu and Zhejiang who are familiar with the situation in the East to station in the capital of that country or on Nagasaki Island to control our merchants and people, so as to spy on the movements of other people. By trying to contact and contain them, we can hope to eliminate future troubles and live in peace forever.
The Empress Dowager Cixi took up the memorial and said: My vast superior country is generous and generous, and I will grant my permission immediately when we make a treaty with the Japanese. If the Japanese state sends officials to discuss the matter at that time, there may be many delays in the rush. It is better to take advantage of the situation and discuss it calmly. Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili, was the plenipotentiary minister, and Chen Qin and Ying Shibao were assistants. They immediately polished the Japanese "Draft of Negotiation Regulations" in order to eliminate the false and retain the true.
Li Hongzhang observed the "Preparation of Negotiation Regulations" and said: The Japanese copied all the treaties made by the Westerners, which is completely contrary to our country's hopes. It is ridiculous for everyone to receive the most favored nation status! The emperor is the leader of the Japanese, what does it have to do with me! The contracts signed in recent years have been very disappointing, so this time the contract must be replaced by rules.
On July 23, 1871, Japan's imperial envoy Plenipotentiary Minister and Tibetan Minister Date Zongcheng arrived in Tianjin. After more than a month of consultations with Li Hongzhang, he bowed his head and agreed to comply with the 18 clauses proposed by Li Hongzhang, and the "Sino-Japanese Amended Regulations" were signed.
The regulations say: The Qing Dynasty and the Japanese Kingdom Sudun have a long-lasting friendship. We would like to cultivate the old friendship and consolidate the diplomatic relations. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty Imperial Envoy Plenipotentiary Minister to handle trade affairs, the Prince Taibao, the co-organizer of the University, the Minister of the Soldiers Department, directly under the Governor-General's Department The first-class Suyi Boli, the plenipotentiary minister of the Japanese Imperial Envoy, and the two Tibetan ministers, Date, each followed the edicts they received, and the public meeting established the revised regulations, with a view to mutual respect and long-lasting. All agreed articles are listed on the left:
Article 1: Afterwards, the Qing Dynasty and Japan had great friendship, and their friendship was boundless. That is to say, the territories of the two countries also treat each other with courtesy, and no intrusion is allowed in order to achieve permanent security.
Article 2: Since the two countries have good communication, they must care about each other. If there is any injustice or contempt in other countries, once they are aware of it, they must help each other or mediate in good ways to maintain friendship.
Article 3: The political prohibitions of the two countries have their own similarities and differences. Their political affairs should be left to their own country's own initiative. Neither country is allowed to interfere on its behalf or force its affairs to be established. The prohibitions should also help each other, each ordering the merchants and the people, and not tempting the natives to violate it even a little bit.
Article 4: Both countries can send powerful ministers and their dependents to station in the capital. You may stay in one place for a long time, or you may travel at any time and pass through various parts of the mainland. All expenses must be paid by yourself. He rented the house on the foundation as the minister's residence, and the transportation of luggage and the delivery of documents by special messengers must be properly taken care of.
Article 5: Although the officials of the two countries have certain qualifications, their assignments are different. If they are in equal control, they should use parallel etiquette when meeting and transferring documents. When a person of lower rank meets a superior official, he should treat him as a guest. When there is official business, the note will be forwarded to the official in charge without having to go directly. If you are meeting each other, each person will use his or her official title. Whenever personnel sent by the two countries first arrive at their post, they must submit their seals for inspection to prevent counterfeiting.
Article 6: Subsequent official documents between the two countries shall be in Chinese for China and Japanese for Japan, and shall be supplemented by a Chinese translation, or shall be in Chinese only, whichever is convenient.
Article 7: Since the two countries have good communication, all coastal ports should designate places for each other to allow merchants and people to trade, and separate trade regulations should be established so that the merchants and people of the two countries can abide by them forever.
Article 8: Each country designated by the two countries can appoint directors to regulate the business people of the other country. All property litigation cases will be tried and handled in accordance with the laws of the country. The merchants and people of the two countries complained to each other and submitted reports. The director should first dissuade the lawsuit so that the lawsuit will not occur. If this is not possible, a note will be sent to the local magistrate for a fair decision. For cases such as theft and arrears, the local officials of the two countries could only investigate and pursue them, but could not compensate them.
Article 9: If there are no governors in each port designated by the two countries, the trading people shall be under the supervision and control of the local magistrates. If there is a crime, it is necessary to investigate the case and report the case to the governors in the surrounding areas for judgment according to the law.
Article 10. Officials and merchants of both countries are allowed to hire local people to serve in designated ports, manage trade and other matters. Their employers should restrain them at all times and not use excuses to deceive others, especially not listen to private opinions and cause trouble. If a crime is committed, it will be investigated and dealt with by local officials, and employers are not allowed to show favoritism.
Article 11: When businessmen and civilians of the two countries interact with each other at designated entrances, they should be friendly to each other and are not allowed to carry swords and weapons. Violators will be punished and weapons will be brought into the official service. And everyone must do their duty. No matter how long they live, they are under the jurisdiction of their own country's governor. You are not allowed to change your clothes or take the naturalization test, which will lead to confusion.
Article 12: People of this country who have violated the laws of this country and absconded to other places in other countries shall, as soon as this country finds out and notifies the other country, they shall try to find them without any favoritism. When they are taken and transported, they will be provided with food and clothing along the way and must not be abused.
Article 13. If any people of the two countries collude with gangsters to commit banditry or robberies at designated ports, or sneak into the inland, set fire, kill, and rob, they shall be strictly arrested by the local magistrates at each port and the case will be notified to the governor. , if you dare to use a weapon to resist arrest, you will be shot without mercy. However, the circumstances leading to the murder must be examined together with the director. If the incident occurs in the Mainland and cannot be inspected in time, the local magistrate will notify the director of the actual circumstances for inspection. Those who have been caught will be examined and dealt with by the local magistrate in conjunction with the director at each port. In the Mainland, the local magistrate handles the case on his own and reports the case to the director for review. If the people of this country gather in another country to cause nuisance, numbering more than ten people, and conspire with the people of the other country to cause harm to the local affairs, they should be investigated by the officials of the other country. If the case is in each country, the case will be reviewed by the director. If it is in the mainland, the case will be verified by the local magistrate.
Article 14: The purpose of designating ports for the exchange of warships between the two countries is to protect the merchants and people of our country. No entry is allowed at any undesignated ports along the coast or at inland river and lake ports. Violators will be intercepted and fined, except for those who are taking shelter from the wind.
Article 15: If the two countries have any military conflicts with other countries in the future, they should inform them immediately, and all ports should suspend trade and the entry and exit of ships to avoid damage. In peacetime, the Japanese are not allowed to fight or rob each other with discordant countries at designated ports in China and nearby oceans, and the Chinese are not allowed to fight or rob each other at designated ports in Japan and nearby oceans.
Article 16: Directors from both countries are not allowed to engage in trade, nor are they allowed to serve as directors from other countries without an appointment. If something is not done in line with the consensus of the public and there is real evidence, both sides can notify the ministers in power in writing and withdraw it, so as not to damage the friendship between the two countries because of one person's affair.
Article 17. The flags of ships of the two countries each have their own formulas. If a ship of the other country counterfeits the flag and commits illegal acts, the cargo ship will be fined and sent to the official. If the official fails to issue it, it will be withdrawn. As for the books of the two countries, if each other wishes to recite and study them, they should be allowed to purchase each other's books.
Article 18: The two countries have agreed upon the rules and regulations as a precaution to avoid occasional suspicions and to pursue the path of trust and reconciliation. To this end, the imperial envoys and plenipotentiary ministers of the two countries first stamped and stamped the document in a letter, and after the imperial pens of the two countries approved the exchange, they immediately printed it and circulated it everywhere, so that the officials and people of each other would know and abide by it, and they would always consider it good.
July 29, Xinwei, the 10th year of Tongzhi
July 29, the fourth year of Meiji
