Zhenjiang is lost, and luck is lost. Emperor Daoguang was poor in skills.
The Ministry of Household Affairs reported again: The treasury silver is close to zero, and the food and salary seems to be unsustainable.
Emperor Daoguang had no choice but to send an edict: Qiying, Niujian, Yilibu and others tried to control the situation. Wherever they were able to do their job, they should follow the authority and handle it. I will not control it remotely. If the barbarian ship returns to Guangdong, it can be given a port, and Guangzhou, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Haikou can trade at the right time. If the matter is settled, fly to consult Yi Jing; if the matter is unresolved, consult Yi Jing and fly there with his troops. The barbarians are rebellious and cunning, so don't take risks alone. In addition, all important matters must be planned and discussed clearly and thoroughly by the minister and others, and they must be explained in detail repeatedly to avoid future troubles. Since the ministers and others know that it is difficult to deal with the consequences by surprise, and other countries will inevitably be worried, they should think ahead and plan ahead, and strive to avoid troubles before they happen. If you leave a little gap, you will have excuses in the future, which will lead to problems and constraints in management. In addition, the rebellious people in Zhenjiang took advantage of the chaos to vent their anger, killed officials and allowed thieves to be killed, which was a heinous crime. Vice-capital commander Hai Ling, who died in a closed-door manner and had no loss in major festivals, was still granted compensation according to the regulations of the capital, and was given the posthumous title Zhaojie. He was enshrined in the Zhaozhong Temple and built a temple in Zhenjiang. His wife and second-grandson worshiped him.
On August 4, 1842, the British ship arrived at the Nanjing River. Niu Jian's heart was filled with urgent fire, and he urgently said: The crisis is imminent, and Fuqiu Sage will make a quick decision to save the lives of the people.
After Niu Jian Shu was over, he sent people to fly to Wuxi and invited Qiying and Yilibu to help.
Niu Jian said: "I have suffered big defeats in big battles and small defeats in small battles. I will be defeated in every battle. Therefore, I cannot fight again, and there is no need to fight again."
Yili preached: "The rebels attacked the city without taking the territory, captured the soldiers without harming them, and acted in many different ways. It seems that they are only for trade."
Qi Ying said: "Don't worry about other things, just appease the barbarians, the first priority is integrity; consider my interests and do not ask about the rights and wrongs of others. Make the best use of the situation, do not settle for nothing, keep the general idea in mind, and stick to the agreement."
The three members sighed for a long time, and then Emperor Daoguang and his edict arrived, and they unanimously agreed to the terms put forward by Pu Dingcha.
On August 29, the Imperial Envoy Minister Qi Ying, the Governor of Liangjiang Niu Jian, the Deputy Governor of Zhapu Iribu and the British Plenipotentiary to the Qing Dynasty Pottinger negotiated the Treaty of Nanjing on the British ship "Gao Huali".
The treaty said: Because the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the British monarch wanted to explain the recent discord and put an end to the provocation, they agreed to establish a permanent peace treaty. Therefore, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty specially sent an imperial envoy, Prince Shaobao, to guard Guangzhou, Guangdong. The third-class general hereditary baron Pu Dingcha and other generals have compared the edicts given by the public generals to act expediently and the orders given full power. They are all in good order, and even the various articles have been drafted, which are listed below:
1. From now on, the Qing Dynasty and Britain will always maintain peace.
Second, the five treaty ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai were opened. The British set up consulates at the treaty ports to manage trade.
3. Cede Hong Kong Island.
4. Compensation for the price of opium and cigarettes is 6 million yuan.
5. Abolish the old rule of thirteen banks undertaking trade. British merchants can trade with anyone. The Qing Dynasty compensates merchants for three million yuan.
6. Compensation for military expenses of 12 million yuan.
7. All compensation must be paid in four years. If it is overdue, interest will be increased by five yuan for every one hundred yuan.
8. Release captured and imprisoned British and dependent soldiers and civilians.
9. Qing nationals who were convicted of interacting with the British were exempted from their crimes and those already in prison were released.
10. The Qing Dynasty set reasonable tariff rates. After British goods are taxed at open ports, they cannot be taxed again when passing through the mainland.
11. Officials from the Qing and British countries communicated on an equal footing.
12. After the Qing Emperor approved the peace treaty and paid six million yuan, the British troops withdrew from Jiangning, Zhenjiang and Zhaobaoshan in Zhenhai, but remained stationed on Zhoushan Island and Gulangyu Island in Xiamen. They would withdraw immediately after the compensation was paid and the ports were opened.
13. The peace treaty was approved and implemented by the monarchs of the two countries. Each country kept a copy, and the Qing Imperial Envoy and the British Minister each kept a copy.
All the above articles are related to negotiations and offers. In response to the reports from the ministers and other ministers, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the British monarch signed their signatures with their red pens. They immediately signed the agreement and gave it to the two countries to hold a separate book to show their commitment; but the two countries were separated. It is too far away to arrive at once, so two more volumes are prepared. First, the imperial envoys of the Qing Dynasty and the ministers and envoys of the British imperial envoys and plenipotentiary ministers will decide the matter for the king. They will stamp it with the customs seal. Each will hold one volume as evidence, so that they can be followed today. The terms of the peace treaty have been implemented without any hindrance. The one who wants to make peace.
July 24, the 22nd year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty
August 29, 1842, British Calendar
After the treaty was signed, Qiying reported: Interests and interests are mutually exclusive, and safety and security are at stake, so we have to lower our minds and suppress our anger. We seem to be forbearing in order to achieve success, but we dare not show off the courage of an ordinary man, leading to a breakup.
Emperor Daoguang accepted the performance, sighed deeply, and said: I only hate myself and feel ashamed. How can things be consistent with this? In the midst of extreme desperation, we had to reluctantly agree to the request. The lives of millions of people were at stake, and the stakes were not limited to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces. Therefore, we were forced to restrain them and all the provisions were handled accordingly.
After retreating from the court, Daoguang said nothing, neither ate nor drank. He hesitated with his hands behind his hands. He did not take a breath all night, played five drums, and suddenly sighed.
Mu Zhang knew that the emperor was distressed and asked Mulan to hunt around him. In this troubled autumn, it is even more important to take heart.
Emperor Daoguang said: "That's alright, let's not follow Jian Cheng. We will only take the fourth prince Yiqi, the sixth prince Yixin and a few older princes with us."
Du Shoutian was the mentor of the four princes. He knew that the four princes were not as intelligent and powerful as the six princes, so he gave Yi Chi a plan: Don't compete with his brothers with your bow and horse skills; birds and beasts breed, and you can't bear to harm the living to fight for the peace of heaven. .
Mulan Qiuhuan, Wu Sui Fan, Emperor Daoguang of course wanted to achieve great things in the prosperous times, but the treasury was in a financial straits. But when he saw the fourth prince Yi Chi with empty hands and an innocent look on his face, and said that elk breed and cannot bear to hurt each other, he actually smiled.
Many years later, Emperor Daoguang was dying, and Zhen Si and Liu were selected again. The sixth son, Yi Xin, talks endlessly and follows the good deeds. Yi Chi knelt on the ground and sobbed: "My son, I pray to God day and night, and I hope that the emperor will recover soon. This is the blessing of the country, the blessing of all people, and the blessing of my son."
Two months after the Nanjing treaty was signed, Puding inspected and filled up the gaps, and threatened Qiying to sign the "Humen Treaty". Article 16 of the treaty:
1. All imperial envoys and envoys shall stamp and seal a booklet with tariff rules for imported and exported goods, which will be followed by the five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai.
2. All imperial envoys and envoys shall seal and seal the attached documents of the new trade regulations, which will be followed by the five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai.
3. Article 3 of the new trade regulations stipulates that all fines and cargo inspections submitted for import of cargo ships shall belong to the Chinese national funds for confiscation.
4. After the opening of the Five Ports, British merchants were only allowed to trade in the Five Ports and were not allowed to go to other places without authorization, and Chinese people were not allowed to collude with trade elsewhere. If the British merchants break the contract and refuse to obey the ban, they can allow the Chinese officers to seize the entire ship and goods and bring them to the officials. The British officials are not allowed to argue. If the Chinese people collude with British merchants in secret trade at other ports, the national laws are in place and they should be treated as usual. handle.
5. It has been agreed that if the business in Jiangnan is settled in the future, the official will not be able to guarantee the payment if the business debts are settled. If the accounts are confirmed and the property and deposits are still there, the Chinese and British officials will be in charge of the settlement from the public office to show fairness; the original situation will still be maintained. They agreed to pursue each other on behalf of each other, but neither of them would guarantee compensation on their behalf.
6. British merchants in the five ports including Guangzhou are not allowed to parade in the countryside at will, let alone go far into the inland. The Chinese local officials should agree with the British officials on the boundary based on the local conditions and terrain, and do not allow them to be crossed, so as to achieve permanent peace. If any British person violates the rules, regardless of his rank, he will be arrested by the local people and handed over to the British stewards to deal with him according to the circumstances. However, the people are not allowed to beat or harm him without authorization, causing harm and reconciliation.
7. It was stated in the ten thousand year contract that the British were allowed to bring their families to live in the five ports without bullying or restraint. However, the Chinese local officials must agree with the British administrators based on local conditions and local conditions, and agree on where to use the house or base. The British are allowed to rent it; the rental price must be based on the current value of the five ports to ensure fairness. The Chinese will not allow it. Blackmail, British businessmen were not allowed to rent by force.
8. Foreign merchants have always been allowed to trade in only one port in Guangzhou. Last year, it was agreed in Jiangnan that if the Mongolian Emperor granted permission for merchants from all Western countries to trade in the four ports of Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai, the British would have no qualms. However, since all countries are no different from the British, if in the future the great emperor has new favors for all countries, they should also allow the British to benefit from them equally to show fairness; however, neither the British nor other countries can use this provision to make any arbitrary requests. Zhao Xin Shou.
9. If there are any lawless Chinese who have broken the law and fled to the relevant port, or have taken refuge on British official ships or cargo ships, they should be handed over to the Chinese officials for punishment according to law as soon as the British officials find out; First, if the British official has not yet been found out, the Chinese official should take a note of the British official so that he can visit Yan Na. If any of the British people of all kinds escape to hide in China, the Chinese officials will strictly arrest and imprison them and hand them over to the British officials nearby.
10. In every five trading ports, there must be a British official ship anchored in that bay to restrain British merchants and merchants from dependent countries; Chinese warships must not stop them.
11. The ten thousand year contract stated that as soon as the agreed upon amount of silver was paid, the British troops stationed at Dinghai and Gulangyu Island would withdraw immediately. All houses inhabited by British officials, whether they were built by the British or have been renovated by the British, are not allowed to be demolished. They are returned to the Chinese officials and handed over to various owners for management. No compensation for the value of the repairs is required, so as to avoid delays and verbal disputes. The matter was reconciled with Dun.
12. All British businessmen are not allowed to collude with Chinese businessmen and customs officials to evade taxes; if there is a case of smuggling, the British businessman must immediately report it to the Chinese local magistrate so that the local magistrate can catch it. All values and categories will be confiscated by the officials, and the stolen merchant ships will either not be allowed to trade, or will be strictly expelled as soon as their accounts are cleared, without any protection. This local magistrate should also identify the Chinese businessmen who are complicit in the embezzlement and the government officials who protect the distribution of fertilizers, and deal with them as usual.
13. From now on, all Chinese traders who come to Hong Kong to trade must pay taxes and obtain a license at five ports including Guangzhou. In places other than mutual trading, Chinese businessmen are not allowed to obtain licenses to trade in Hong Kong without authorization. The Kowloon Inspection Inspector is instructed to work with British officials. , audit and report at any time.
14. There are no Chinese officials in Xiangang. If there is any commercial debt, the British officials must check and handle it according to Article 5 above to ensure uniformity.
15. The preceding article stipulates that any person who is a Huamin bringing goods to a relevant port for sale, or bringing goods from a relevant port to any port, must be issued a license etc. by the respective customs. It is hereby agreed that each port customs office shall report the licenses issued by each port to the Guangdong Customs one by one on a monthly basis, either from the relevant port to each port, or from each port to the relevant port, and the Guangdong Customs will in turn notify the competent officials in charge of the relevant port. For the purpose of verification. The British officer should also report the ship number, trade name, and quantity of goods of each merchant ship to the Guangdong Customs in accordance with the regulations every month. The Guangdong Customs will pass through each customs for verification and verification. Such mutual inspection can prevent false use. There are disadvantages such as playing cards, innuendos and omissions, but the matter is not inconsistent.
16. The British boats never lose money. It is now agreed that in the future, when every ship enters and leaves each port, if there is only one load of cargo, the ship shall pay the ship's currency according to the ton for verification.
