Yejiazhen said: "Let's go to the steel factory to have a look."
When they arrived at the steel factory in Gangcheng, workers came out to greet them. After they entered. Workers describe the manufacturing process of construction steel.
The main raw material for construction steel is iron ore. First, the iron ore undergoes ore beneficiation and crushing to obtain concentrate. The concentrate is then smelted in an iron furnace to obtain pig iron.
Pig iron contains a large amount of impurities and needs to be processed for steelmaking. There are many methods for making steel, the common ones are converter method, electric arc furnace method and oxygen top blowing method. During the steelmaking process, the chemical composition and properties of steel can be adjusted by adding appropriate amounts of alloying elements and controlling parameters such as temperature and pressure.
After steelmaking, the molten steel needs to be continuously cast, that is, the molten steel is poured into the continuous casting machine and cooled through the crystallizer to solidify into a billet. The continuous casting machine can produce billets of different shapes and sizes, such as square billets, round billets, etc.
After continuous casting, the billet needs to be hot rolled. Hot rolling is to heat the billet to an appropriate temperature and then continuously roll it through a rolling mill to form the required steel shape and size. Hot rolling can change the thickness, width and length of steel and improve its mechanical properties.
Hot-rolled steel also needs to be cold worked to further improve its performance and surface quality. Cold working includes cold rolling, cold drawing, cold bending and other processes, which can make steel more uniform and smooth, and improve its strength and toughness.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance and aesthetics of steel, surface treatment is often required. Common surface treatment methods include galvanizing, spraying, chromium plating, etc., which can form a protective layer and extend the service life of steel.
The manufactured steel needs to undergo quality inspection, including chemical composition analysis, mechanical property testing, etc.
Steelmaking equipment usually consists of the following main parts:
Blast furnace is the core equipment for steelmaking. It is used to reduce iron ore and fuel (such as coke) at high temperature to produce liquid iron. Blast furnace usually consists of furnace body, hearth, furnace throat, furnace belly and other parts.
Converter is another commonly used steelmaking equipment, mainly used for oxygen blowing method steelmaking. The converter usually consists of a furnace body, a furnace base, an oxygen nozzle, a bottom blowing device and other parts.
An electric furnace is a piece of equipment that uses electric energy to make steel. It usually consists of a furnace body, electrodes, power supply system and other parts. Electric furnaces can melt scrap steel or ferroalloys through arc heating or resistance heating to make steel.
The continuous casting machine is a device that directly casts the liquid steel after steelmaking into billets. Continuous casting machine usually consists of crystallizer, mold, cooling device, traction mechanism and other parts.
Furnace equipment includes furnace preparation equipment and furnace treatment equipment. The furnace preparation equipment mainly includes iron ore crushing, screening, batching and other equipment; the furnace treatment equipment mainly includes slag treatment equipment, dust removal equipment, desulfurization equipment, etc.
Steelmaking equipment includes main parts such as furnace body, furnace base, furnace hearth, furnace throat, and furnace belly. The furnace body is the main part of the steelmaking equipment and carries a high-temperature and high-pressure working environment. The furnace base is the structure that supports the furnace body and is usually composed of steel structure and concrete. The furnace hearth is the space inside the furnace body used to accommodate the charge and fuel. The furnace throat is the part that connects the furnace hearth and the furnace belly and is used to control the inlet and outlet of the furnace materials and the emission of gas. The furnace belly is the lower part of the furnace body and is used to collect and discharge slag and liquid metal.
Steelmaking equipment also includes various auxiliary equipment, such as heating equipment, cooling equipment, control systems, etc., which are used to provide the heat energy, cooling and monitoring required for the furnace body.
Among them, the laser furnace they recently used is a piece of equipment that uses laser beams to make steel. It consists of the following main components. The laser generator is the core component of the laser furnace. It generates high-energy, high-density laser beams. Commonly used laser generators include solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers, etc. Optical systems are used to control and focus the laser beam. It consists of optical components such as lenses and mirrors, which can focus the laser beam to a specific position in the furnace. The furnace body is the outer shell of the laser furnace and is usually made of high temperature resistant materials to withstand high temperature and high pressure environments. There is usually a furnace hearth and a furnace bottom inside the furnace body, which are used to accommodate and heat steel materials. The control system is used to control the operating parameters of the laser furnace, such as laser power, laser beam focusing position and time, etc. Through the control system, precise control of the temperature and materials in the furnace can be achieved.
When the laser generator is working, the generated laser beam is adjusted and focused by the optical system, and finally focused on the steel material in the furnace. The high energy and density of the laser beam causes the steel material to heat up rapidly. As the steel is heated, the impurities and impure substances in it begin to undergo chemical reactions and are oxidized or reduced. These reactions generate large amounts of heat, further heating the steel. By monitoring the temperature and reaction conditions in the furnace through the control system, the laser power and focus position can be adjusted to maintain the stability of the temperature in the furnace and the reaction. When the required steelmaking temperature and reaction degree are reached, the laser heating is stopped and the temperature in the furnace is quickly reduced through the cooling system. This prevents the steel from overheating and overreaction.
Gao Zhouzhi took out some photos and said, "Are there any materials sold recently that look like this?"
"Yes, I don't know what it is for. There is still a part of it in this storage room."
Yang Yuling said: "We need to take a small part of the past for sampling and analysis."
"OK."
After analysis, a conclusion is drawn.
Yang Yuling said: "These steels contain phosphorous elements and filter elements."
Ye Jiazhen said: "The characteristic of the phoenix element is that it is pervasive, and the characteristic of the filter element is that it blocks small substances."
Gao Zhouzhi said: "One is for penetration and the other is for blocking, so why does it appear in the steel? What is its function?"
Yang Yuling said: "Did it get mixed in accidentally?"
Ye Jiazhen said: "The content is also quite large. It shouldn't be mixed in accidentally. It should have its effect."
Gao Zhouzhi said: "Are there any other elements in it?"
Luo Shao said: "There are also pillar elements."
Ye Jiazhen said: "The characteristic of the column element is that it is used for rapid prototyping of building materials. The column element and the filter element should also have similar functions."
Gao Zhouzhi said: "Let's do some experiments first and see."
Take the original iron-containing ore and put in the iron element and the filter element during the steel-making process. Impurities are quickly filtered out.
Gao Zhouzhi said: "It seems that the new elements added to the mix are used for rapid manufacturing of steel materials."
Yang Yuling said: "We are making steel and engines. Are we going to make a spaceship?"
Luo Shao said: "The shell material is aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, carbon fiber composite material, right? It's not steel, right?"
Gao Zhouzhi said: "This steel is probably used for construction and houses."
Luo Shao said: "Is it a building or a spaceship? Is it adding an engine under the building?"
Gao Zhouzhi said: "I don't know what the relationship between these two things is."
