After the explanation, Yejiazhen saw that Gao Zhouzhi was still there and said to him, "Did you just listen?"
Gao Zhouzhi said: "Yes, I also think it is necessary to consider it."
Chemical elements can be divided into three types: metals, nonmetals and semimetals.
Metal elements have good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and ductility. Common metal elements include iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, etc. Non-metallic elements usually have low electrical and thermal conductivity. Common non-metallic elements include oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, etc. Semi-metal elements have properties between metals and non-metals. Common semi-metal elements include silicon, antimony, arsenic, etc. Special elements include noble gas elements, radioactive elements and transition metal elements. Noble gas elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, which have extremely low reactivity and stability. Radioactive elements include uranium, plutonium, radium, etc., which have radioactive decay properties and can release radioactive rays. Transition metal elements refer to the d-block elements located in the periodic table. They have good electrical conductivity and variable oxidation states.
Different elements have different special properties. For example, hydrogen is the only element that can be used as both a metal and a non-metal; oxygen is a strong oxidant and can react with other elements; carbon has four valence electrons and can form a variety of Compounds etc.
Gao Zhouzhi said: "In the periodic table of elements, there are some adjacent elements with very different properties. Here are some examples."
Hydrogen (H) and helium (He): Hydrogen is a non-metallic element and helium is a rare gas. Hydrogen is the lightest element and often exists in the form of a gas, while helium is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas with high stability.
Lithium (Li) and beryllium (Be): Lithium is a reactive metallic element with a low density and low melting point. Beryllium is an alkaline earth metal with high hardness and high melting point.
Nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O): Nitrogen is a non-metallic element that often exists in gas form and has low reactivity. Oxygen is a non-metallic element with high reactivity and is one of the essential elements in life.
Sodium (Na) and Magnesium (Mg): Sodium is a reactive metallic element with a low density and low melting point. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal with high hardness and high melting point.
The properties of these adjacent elements vary greatly, primarily due to differences in their electronic structures and atomic properties.
Ye Jiazhen said: "As the element numbers gradually change, why do the properties mutate? So are there other elements in the middle of these elements? The properties can be between the two."
For example, if the color gradually changes according to the RGB value, then the color changes gradually. The colors sorted in the order of gradually changing RGB values are: black (RGB: 0, 0, 0), red (RGB: 255, 0, 0), green (RGB: 0, 255, 0), blue (RGB : 0, 0, 255), yellow (RGB: 255, 255, 0), cyan (RGB: 0, 255, 255), magenta (RGB: 255, 0, 255), white (RGB: 255, 255, 255).
There are many things that are arranged in order from small to large, and their properties change gradually rather than suddenly.
Temperature: From low temperature to high temperature, the temperature gradually increases.
Volume: From low volume to high volume, the sound gradually becomes louder.
Concentration: From low concentration to high concentration, the solution gradually becomes thicker.
Brightness: From low brightness to high brightness, the light gradually becomes brighter.
Altitude: Elevation gradually increases from low to high terrain.
Speed: From low speed to high speed, the movement of objects gradually speeds up.
Weight: The mass of an object gradually increases from light to heavy.
Hydrogen is unstable. Helium is very stable. So are there any gases with average stability among them?
Lithium has a lower density and lower melting point. Beryllium has high hardness and high melting point. Are there any elements among them with intermediate densities and intermediate melting points?
Nitrogen has low reactivity and oxygen has high reactivity. Are there any elements with average reactivity among them?
Sodium is a reactive metallic element with a low density and low melting point. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal with high hardness and high melting point. Is there an element between sodium and magnesium with intermediate hardness and intermediate melting point?
Gao Zhouzhi said: "Do you mean a compound? The properties of the elements of the compound are between the properties of the two elements that make up the compound."
During the formation of compounds, chemical reactions occur between the atoms of the elements, causing their atoms to rearrange and form new chemical bonds.
During the formation of compounds, the electrons of atoms change. The outer electrons of an atom are the main part involved in chemical reactions. During compound formation, atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
For example, when chlorine and sodium atoms combine to form sodium chloride, the chlorine atom needs an electron to fill its outer electron shell, while the sodium atom needs to lose an electron. Therefore, the chlorine atom will accept the electron lost by the sodium atom, forming a chloride ion (Cl-), while the sodium atom will lose one electron, forming a sodium ion (Na+). These two ions are held together by ionic bonds to form the sodium chloride compound.
As another example, oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms combine to form water molecules. An oxygen atom requires two electrons to fill its outer electron shell, while a hydrogen atom requires one electron. Therefore, two hydrogen atoms share their electrons with the oxygen atom, forming a covalent bond, forming a water molecule (H2O).
During the formation of compounds, the electrons of atoms change, losing, gaining, or sharing electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration.
The properties of a compound are determined by the properties of the elements that make it up. When two elements form a compound, the properties of the compound usually show some combination or interaction of the properties of the two elements.
You can use examples to see the relationship between the elemental properties of some common compounds and the original elements.
Reactivity: The reactivity of a compound may be affected by the reactivity of its constituent elements. For example, when metals and nonmetal elements combine to form ionic compounds, the metal element usually loses electrons, and the nonmetal element usually gains electrons.
Melting and Boiling Points: The melting and boiling points of a compound may be affected by the melting and boiling points of its constituent elements. For example, when two elements with lower melting and boiling points are combined, the compound usually has lower melting and boiling points as well.
Conductivity: The conductivity of a compound may be affected by the conductivity of its constituent elements. For example, when metals and nonmetal elements combine to form ionic compounds, the ionic compounds typically conduct electricity in the molten or dissolved state but do not conduct electricity in the solid state.
Color: The color of a compound may be affected by the color of its constituent elements. For example, compounds of certain transition metal elements often display different colors due to changes in their electronic structure and energy levels.
Chemical Stability: The chemical stability of a compound may be affected by the chemical stability of its constituent elements. For example, when two elements with higher chemical stability are combined, the compound usually also has higher chemical stability.
Ye Jiazhen said: "Your idea also makes sense. The properties of compounds usually show some combination or interaction of the properties of two elements. But I am talking about a single element."
"We have not studied the structures of these new elements in detail," Gao Zhouzhi said.
