Yejiazhen is the project manager. Gao Zhouzhi, Luo Shao, Yang Yuling, and Yin Fanxiao are employees. Gao Zhouzhi is practical, Luo Shao is quick-thinking, Yang Yuling has a solid foundation, and Yin Fanxiao is a fast learner and well-informed.
When some people are together, they become lively like a chemical reaction. Yejiazhen feels lucky that everyone gets along happily and harmoniously together, and can overcome difficulties together.
When a group of good friends come together, their energy and enthusiasm feed off each other, creating a fun and lively atmosphere. When band members play together on stage, their music and performance blend together to create an exciting musical experience. When members of a sports team work closely together to encourage and support each other during a game, their enthusiasm and efforts will act like a chemical reaction, creating a warm atmosphere.
Some substances can play their own roles separately. For example, acids and bases, when put together, will destroy each other.
All things are interdependent. Not all things are suitable to be put together, and not all people can live in peace together.
One day, Yejiazhen was explaining chemistry knowledge to technical workers.
In the periodic table, the elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers, with the smallest ones listed first. A horizontal row in the table is called a period, and a column is called a family. The atomic radius decreases from left to right and increases from top to bottom.
The periodic table of elements unifies some seemingly unrelated elements into a complete natural system. In 1869, the Russian chemist Mendeleev compiled the first periodic table of elements by arranging them in ascending order of relative atomic mass, placing elements with similar chemical properties in the same column.
With the development of science, the vacancies left by unknown elements in the periodic table have been filled successively. When the secret of atomic structure was discovered, the basis of arrangement was changed from relative atomic mass to the number of protons of the atom (the number of electrons outside the nucleus or the number of nuclear charges), forming the current periodic table of elements.
The atomic number has the following relationship with the atomic structure of the element: number of protons = atomic number = number of electrons outside the nucleus = number of nuclear charges.
Using the periodic table, Mendeleev successfully predicted the properties of elements that had not been discovered at the time (gallium, scandium, and germanium). Later, it took many scientists many years of revisions to form the contemporary periodic table. Arrange the elements in ascending order of relative atomic mass, and place elements with similar chemical properties in a column.
The periodic table of elements has 7 periods and 16 groups. Each horizontal row is called a period, and each column is called a family (group VIII contains three columns). These 7 cycles can be divided into short cycles (1, 2, 3) and long cycles (4, 5, 6, 7). There are 16 clans in total, and each column from left to right counts as one clan (except clan VIII).
Ye Jiazhen said: "Look, he has many atomic models of elements here. When the atom is enlarged, some electrons orbit the atom and orbit it."
Someone asked: "What is the electron orbit?"
Atoms have electrons outside the nucleus, and the electrons must be arranged in orbits. Generally speaking, the electron shells outside the nucleus are divided into K, L, M, N, O, and P. On each layer, there are many regions with different energies, namely electron sub-layers. There are four types of electron subshells, represented by the letters s, p, d, and f. The electron subshell is the orbital group of electrons, and each subshell has several orbitals. The s subshell has 1 orbital, the p subshell has 3 orbitals, the d subshell has 5 orbitals, and the f subshell has 7 orbitals. With orbitals, electrons can be loaded into them. Each orbit can accommodate two electrons with opposite spin directions, and the two electrons spin in different directions.
Due to the existence of sub-layers, the electron energies in the same electron layer are different, and even the energy of the high sub-layer of the low electron layer is greater than that of the low sub-layer of the high electron layer. The energy of each sub-layer is arranged from low to high as follows: 1s, 2s , 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f.... According to the principle of lowest energy, electrons usually always fill the lower energy first sub-layer.
Ye Jiazhen said: "Currently, a total of 108 elements have been identified. The first 94 exist naturally on the earth, and the remaining 24 are synthetic elements. 80 elements have at least one stable isotope, and 38 elements have only radionuclides. It decays into other elements over time."
"I learned a lot today."
Ye Jiazhen said: "Now I want to ask a question, are there any undiscovered elements?"
"There should be more at the back, but there should be none in the middle."
Ye Jiazhen said: "Now the periodic table of elements is mainly arranged according to protons. Once the vacant positions are filled, there will be no gaps between elements. Unless someone discovers a way to make elements have proton fractions."
Coming to the key point, Ye Jiazhen raised his voice and said, "Have you noticed that the properties of the elements we encountered are not continuous. The properties of adjacent elements will jump."
Ye Jiazhen said: "Based on the knowledge I have collected so far, there are several new elements. These new elements are flow, solid, elimination, column, solution, energy, ash, and filter elements. The flow elements are used to move along the Fixed routes are used to transport other substances. Solid elements are used for fixation, destructive elements are used for medical treatment, column elements are used for construction, decomposition elements are elements that degrade certain substances, energetic elements are used for energy, sterile elements are used for intrusion, and filter elements are used for filtration.”
“Where do these elements come from?”
Ye Jiazhen said: "Some are found underground and in the sea. Some are found on meteorites."
"I heard that our company also stores some elements like this."
Ye Jiazhen said: "Yes, I have stored some and am studying its characteristics. I found that the characteristics of these elements are also opposite. The flow element is flowing, and the solid element is fixed, which is opposite to the flow element. Column elements are used for Construction and solution elements are used for dismantling, which is the opposite of column elements. Energy elements are used to convert matter into energy, and elimination elements are used to convert energy into matter, which is the opposite of energy elements. Zhen elements are used to prevent passage, and filter elements are used to allow part of matter to pass through. , the opposite of the 黻 element.”
"I heard that the elemental element is not poisonous? What does it have to do with preventing passage?"
Ye Jiazhen said: "Some toxic substances can interfere with the normal metabolic process of organisms. They may interfere with the activity of enzymes, hinder the progress of key metabolic pathways, or interfere with energy production within cells. Certain toxic substances can inhibit or activate immunity The function of the system. They may inhibit the activity of immune cells, interfere with the normal progress of immune responses, or trigger allergic reactions. When chlorine is in the body of animals, it will prevent key metabolic pathways. This is the reason why strontium is toxic."
