After handing over the small air purifier to the customer, Duan Zhu, Wu Tian and Sun Shiji continued to think about why light bends.
Light bending may occur for several reasons:
When materials with different refractive index pass by, refraction occurs. This can be encountered in daily life.
When light passes through an optical fiber, the refractive index in the optical fiber changes continuously from the center to the edge, and the light propagates in a zigzag manner, or in a continuously curved state.
One means that light is affected by fluctuations in space, causing its path to deflect and bend. Light bends when passing near a strong gravitational field, which is one of the important predictions of general relativity.
One is to control spin to generate light in a laser. Orbital angular momentum produced in lasers. Light-borne orbital angular momentum is created by twisting the phase of light into a spiral shape, forming a spiral. Because the distortion of the pattern becomes tighter and tighter toward the center of the beam, until the light disappears, such beams are often called ring beams or vortex beams. Typically lasers can't tell whether light is rotating clockwise or light is rotating counterclockwise, so the lasers just combine in an uncontrolled way.
They checked the information on the Internet.
One day in 1870, the lecture hall of the Royal Society. Physicist Tyndall said: "A few months ago, a friend told me that the wine flowing out of the barrel would actually sparkle, which is incredible. After hearing this, I also found it strange. You must also have doubts about this, So I'll demonstrate it first." As he spoke, he walked to the bucket on the lectern, pulled out the cork plugged in the hole on the side of the bucket, and illuminated the water from the bucket with a light. The audience unexpectedly saw such a miracle: luminous water flowed out of the small hole in the bucket. The water flow curved, and the light also curved. The light was actually captured by the curved water. Why is this? Isn't light a straight line anymore? Tyndall went on to explain: "It turns out that this is the function of total reflection. On the surface, the light seems to be taking a curved path. In fact, the light is reflected multiple times on the inner surface of the curved water flow. The light travels along a path. Zigzag lines.”
In 1704, Newton, who held the particle theory of light, proposed that massive objects might bend light in the same way that they bend the trajectories of other massive particles. A century later the French celestial physicist Laplace independently proposed a similar view. In 1804, Soderner of the Munich Observatory in Germany treated light particles as particles with mass based on Newtonian mechanics and predicted that light would be deflected by 0.875 arc seconds when passing through the edge of the sun. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, the wave theory of light gradually gained the upper hand, and the predictions of Newton, Sodner and others were not taken seriously.
In 1911, Einstein, then a professor at the University of Prague, began to calculate the sun's bending of light within the framework of his general theory of relativity. At that time, he calculated that the starlight at the edge of the sun would be deflected by 0.87 arcseconds during a solar eclipse. Einstein, who returned to Zurich in 1912, discovered that space is curved. By 1915, Einstein, who was working at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, corrected the deflection of starlight at the edge of the sun to 1.74 arc seconds.
Astronomers understand that in such a complex observation as testing the bending of light, there are many factors that lead to errors in the final result. One factor that has a great influence is temperature changes. Temperature changes lead to changes in the atmospheric disturbance model, changes in the telescope focusing system, and changes in the size of photographic films due to thermal expansion and contraction. These changes lead to systematic errors in the final measurement results. greatly increase.
By the early 1960s, astronomers began to believe that the sun did deflect starlight, and believed that the amount of deflection predicted by Einstein was closer to observation than that predicted by Newtonian mechanics. However, the predictions of general relativity still deviate from the observed results.
But they are majoring in mechanics, not optics, so they don't know how to judge the cause and principle of the formation.
After a while, he found that the stone seemed to be back to normal again.
Wu Tian said: "The light on this stone disappeared again."
Duan Zhu said: "Yes, there is no situation where vehicles are stagnant and light is bent."
Sun Shiji said: "Sometimes it works, and sometimes there is no change. Go to the city and see if other people can recognize what this is."
Wu Tian said: "We are mechanical majors and it is difficult to explain optical things. I went to the local place to contact a friend. He is at the Institute of Optics."
After arriving at the east side of Shengshi City, we arranged accommodation. He called Researcher He and arrived at the Institute of Optics.
Researcher He said: "This is very strange. Let's test the effect on various types of light."
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet visible light hits the screen. The stone is placed beside it.
Infrared light hits the screen. The stone is placed beside it. Sensor detection.
UV light hits the screen. The stone is placed beside it. Sensor detection.
It turned out that all kinds of light were bent.
Researcher He said, "How could this happen? I have never encountered it in all these years of research?"
He used laser light and it still happened.
At this time, a thought flashed through Duan Zhu's mind.
Lasers can process parts. Then the gravity stone was used to influence the direction of the laser. I tried this using a laser processing center when making the mechanical casing of a small purifier.
A machine can be made from it.
In the manufacturing of many parts, it is necessary to avoid the impact of the tool on the workpiece. When the tool is entering and retracting, it must not touch the workpiece, such as protrusions on the workpiece.
Since it can bend the laser, it can increase the processing speed in some cases, allowing the laser to go directly around the workpiece and process the blank behind the protrusion.
Researcher He said, "Can you take it to a mechanical processing factory to try it? A factory with laser processing equipment."
Duan Zhu said: "We used to be interns in a mechanical processing factory. We used this kind of thing when we were making a small air purifier. At that time, we used its bending effect on light to process several holes. Put the sensor in.”
Researcher He was very excited after hearing this and said, "Then let's try it again."
Researcher He arrived at the machining factory, turned on the machine tool, and placed the stones. It can indeed bend the laser light of high-power lasers. Fix a blank on the work station.
The laser bypasses the protrusion and cuts the workpiece behind the protrusion.
Duan Zhu said: "It should not only have this function. You can also think of other processing methods."
"We went to the laboratory to continue observing the light path." Researcher He said.
They sat in the researcher's car again and arrived at the optical laboratory. Observed through a high-power microscope, there are a large number of breakpoints in the optical path.
The light path was actually broken in the middle. It's like throwing a ball. The ball disappears in mid-air, then appears from a point in front and continues to fly forward.
It can both be bent and disconnected. It really completely subverts people's cognition.
Bending is like using a magnet to attract iron filings. So what happened to the disconnect? It can only be explained by wormholes.
Proposed by Einstein, wormholes are thin tubes of space and time that connect distant regions of the universe. Dark matter keeps the wormhole exit open.
The known properties of dark matter only include a few limited aspects: (1) Dark matter participates in gravitational interactions, so it should have mass, but the mass of a single dark matter particle cannot yet be determined. (2) Dark matter should be highly stable. Since there is evidence of dark matter at different stages of the formation of the universe's structure, dark matter should be stable on the time scale of the age of the universe. (3) Dark matter basically does not participate in electromagnetic interactions. The interaction between dark matter and photons must be very weak, so that dark matter basically does not emit light; dark matter basically does not participate in strong interactions, otherwise the process of primordial nucleosynthesis will be disturbed, which will lead to inconsistent with current observations. (4) Through computer simulations of the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, we know that the moving speed of dark matter should be much lower than the speed of light, that is, "cold dark matter", otherwise our universe cannot form the observed large-scale structures under the influence of gravity.
"One of them," said researcher He, "is that dark matter basically does not participate in electromagnetic interactions, and the interaction between dark matter and photons must be very weak. Then it should not be dark matter that causes light to bend. Of course, we are all assuming now, and we don't know if it is insects. Holes and stuff like that.”
Duan Zhu said: "At first, I thought it was an illusion caused by some natural phenomenon. Maybe the light is specific. For example, the aurora appears. But now it seems that many kinds of light are affected by it. Maybe it is not caused by dark matter."
What are you doing taking this to a machining center? How to process parts?
Duan Zhu continued to think.
Analyze the materials and features near it. There are several gravitational fields. How to change the gravitational field?
Using a stupid method, the stone was split and placed in specific locations. But if you are reluctant, it would be better not to tear down the stone.
There are several bands of signals emitted by the stone. Can it be controlled with signals?
So a wireless signal is sent out, as if it can be received, and the gravitational field changes.
Then the position information is changed in the middle of the wireless signal, changing the specific location of the gravitational field. The laser light bends at specific locations.
Use it to process a box and columnar parts. There are several holes on the outside of the box, and cylindrical parts on the inside. Through the hole, you can see that the parts inside are processed. But can't take it out.
Wu Tian said: "You can use it to make a stone lion. The stone lion has a stone ball in its mouth."
Sun Shiji said: "But the stone lion can be made without it, just use a chisel."
Before processing, place multiple parts in a cube in the perspective view. Then laser processing, after placing the blank, the processing can be completed.
You can use it to make a machine and place a gravity stone next to it. However, this machine can only make one, and it cannot be produced in large quantities.
