After finishing Chen Jiahe's full moon wine, Liu Guangqi should be busy with his own affairs. Because it is a pilot two-year high school, Liu Guangqi will face the college entrance examination this year. Although Liu Guangqi does not think that the questions of this era can stop him. You have to control yourself, a veteran who has emerged from the sea of questions, but be careful not to make a big mistake.
After all, the college entrance examination is the most convenient shortcut to change a person's destiny. If the boat capsizes in the gutter, Liu Guangqi's lifelong reputation will be ruined. Speaking of the college entrance examination, many people think that the college entrance examination is something only after the founding of New China. In fact, this is not the case. The college entrance examination had already appeared as early as the Republic of China, but it was only for a short time.
Moreover, the college entrance examination system did not appear suddenly. It was born after a long period of exploration. In the 26 years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, that is, between 1912 and 1937, the enrollment of college students in the Republic of China was Each school organizes and conducts it by itself, and each school sets its own propositions. This is the "independent enrollment" that is highly advocated in the 21st century.
At that time, college entrance examination belonged to the "era of one piece of paper", or "the era of one essay". In other words, the exam back then was extremely simple, with few subjects and a small number of questions.
For example, the Chinese language test at BJ University in 1929 was just an essay question, and candidates only had to write a good essay. The essay questions that year were divided into Part A and Part B. The question for Part A was: "Jizeng and Li in the Qing Dynasty advocated Western learning, established Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, and translated many scientific books. Many of them were profound works. Why did they have such a great influence on the society at that time?" Is it weak? Try to explain the reason." The question in Part B is: "What are the similarities and differences between the Qing Confucian academic methods compared with those of previous generations? Try to briefly describe them."
At that time, the president of Peking University was Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator. After Mr. Cai, Jiang Menglin became the principal from October 1930 until October 1945.
After Jiang Menglin took office, the content of Peking University's examination papers became more numerous, but compared with the current examination, it is not an examination at all, at most it is a weekend quiz.
For example, the Chinese language test paper of Peking University in 1932 was divided into six parts. Although the content was much richer than the one essay in 1929, it only became like a test paper.
Under this enrollment model, colleges and universities have full independent enrollment rights. For example, at that time, many universities offered "preparatory classes," or "preparatory classes." More than 50% of the students who studied in the "preparatory classes" could study in college at their own school without taking the exam. In addition to these, there was also a "recommendation course" The method of "exemption from examination" and the current system of recommending students is largely learned from the Republic of China. At that time, there was also a high school entrance examination, and those with excellent scores in the entrance examination could be directly recommended to go to college. Generally speaking, 15% of the students who passed the entrance examination Students have the opportunity to be recommended, but the scores of recommended students are required to be no less than 80 points (out of 100).
In addition to "independent enrollment" and "recommended admission without examination", the Ministry of Education at that time also formulated and promoted enrollment systems such as "joint enrollment" and "entrusted enrollment". The Ministry of Education divides the examination areas and conducts a unified college entrance examination in this examination area. Then, one university takes the lead and convenes a group of universities to jointly recruit students. For example, during the Anti-Japanese War, Southwest Associated University served as the lead school and organized joint enrollment among universities.
Matters such as registration, propositions, marking, etc. for joint enrollment are generally determined by each examination area in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. However, the enrollment quota of each school is reviewed by the Ministry of Education, and it is not possible to recruit as many students as you want. If the enrollment is insufficient, a second examination can be organized. This joint admissions system has indeed recruited many talents. For example, Deng Jiaxian, a famous nuclear physicist of the Republic and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was admitted to the Department of Physics of Southwest Associated University in 1941 during the joint admissions process.
The Joint Admissions Examination also has "admission and exemption", and the overall proportion is also very high. For example, in 1942, the ratio of the number of students admitted to the school and the number of students exempted from the exam was 85:15, that is, out of 100 freshmen, 15 were recommended without taking the exam. The requirements for recommended students are much looser than they are now. The first requirement is of course excellent students, but they are not too rigid. Universities also recruit prerequisite students, and the proportion of these students who go to university without taking exams is as high as 50%. The requirements for entering the preparatory class are not high. You must have passing grades in all subjects, and a score of 70 or above in Chinese, history, and geography to meet the requirements.
In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, 52 of the 108 colleges and universities across the country moved inland to the rear area, and 27 of them moved to Chongqing. Students from occupied areas subsequently flocked to Chongqing. In order to meet the special needs during the Anti-Japanese War, starting in 1938, the Ministry of Education of the National Government ordered all national colleges and universities to uniformly recruit students. Later, the unified enrollment scope was extended to public colleges and universities.
To this end, the Ministry of Education at that time established the National Unified Admissions Committee, which was responsible for the unified national college entrance examination. The committee is responsible for formulating admission brochures; grading papers and promulgating admission standards; formulating and promulgating test questions; reviewing scores; deciding and allocating admitted students. At the same time, it is also responsible for studying the improvement of the admissions system and other related matters. In the same year, the first national unified college entrance examination was held.
At that time, the Ministry of Education set up recruitment branches in Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming, etc., with registration in mid-July and examinations in late July. There are three test centers in Chongqing: SPB, Beibei, and Jiangjin Baisha.
At that time, Chongqing spb gathered 16 inward-migrated universities. As the largest examination center in Chongqing, the teahouses from Xiaolongkan to Chongqing University were full of students preparing for the examination. With a bench and a cup of tea, students would sit in the teahouse all day long, reading and preparing for exams.
At night, they undressed and lay down on the bench. It's summer, so you don't have to worry about catching a cold. The teahouse is very humane, only charging for tea, and benches are provided free of charge in the evening.
Starting in 1938, Japan launched a massive bombing campaign against Chongqing that lasted for more than five years. In order to cope with the big bombing, the test papers were divided into two sets, A and B. "One set will be issued first. If the plane attacks, the candidates will immediately enter the air-raid shelter to take shelter." When the alarm is lifted, another set of test papers will be used to continue the exam. Due to the lack of air circulation in the cave, some female students with poor health fainted during the exam. "
Although the process was full of difficulties, this time the national unified college entrance examination was welcomed by candidates across the country. The reason is simple. Compared with independent enrollment in colleges and universities, this examination method appears to be fairer. Compared with the imperial examination which uses eight-legged essay to test, it appears to be more scientific.
In 1939, universities across the country once again conducted unified admissions.
At that time, there were two subjects in the unified examination: one was the written test and the other was the oral test. The oral test is only for those who are admitted to normal colleges.
The written examination is divided into three groups: the first group is for the departments of liberal arts, law, business school, teacher education, history and geography, and home economics. The second group includes the departments of the College of Engineering, the Departments of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Meteorology, and Civil Engineering of the College of Science. The third group includes the departments of the School of Medicine, the School of Agriculture, and the Department of Natural History of the Normal University.
There were a total of eight examination subjects at that time, but the three groups all had seven examination subjects, four of which were exactly the same, namely Civics, Chinese Language, English and National History and Geography. In addition, all three groups of mathematics are tested, but the difficulty is different. "
Since the exam was during the Anti-Japanese War, a condition was attached: "This year, the supervisor will send out the test questions in five routes due to traffic and time constraints... In order to speed up the process, most of them set off by plane, and the specialist who sent the questions finally arrived. They must also assume the responsibility for surveillance. In order to prevent air raids or leakage of test questions during examinations, each district may prepare a copy of the test questions for each subject to prepare for use in the event of an accident.
There were a total of 20,06 candidates in that year. The area was too wide, there were too many test papers, and transportation was difficult. Therefore, the examination was divided into zones. The scoring standards were divided into three grades: "all correct, half correct, incorrect", or excellent, good, average, and poor. , inferior to fifth grade, etc., and explain the points deserved for each question, with a total score of 100 points. However, during the war, the biggest problem faced by the National Unified College Entrance Examination was that it could not find a safe examination room.
At that time, Nanjing, Shanghai, and Beijing were all occupied by the Japanese army, and it was obviously impossible to set up points for examinations. There were only a dozen enrollment areas in Wuchang, Changsha, Ji'an, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Kunming, Chongqing, Chengdu, Nanzheng, and Fuzhou, and they faced the danger of indiscriminate bombing by the Japanese army.
In addition, candidates travel thousands of miles from their hometowns to take exams in these places, and their personal safety cannot be guaranteed. So in 1941, the national unified college entrance examination was temporarily suspended. It was not until 1949 that the unified college entrance examination was re-administered in mainland China and Taiwan.
