3. Open up your voice
Guo Wei respects objective facts very much and is relatively modest. He said that he was born in the army, has no education, and does not know how to govern the country. Civil and military officials at all levels in the world can directly submit suggestions to the emperor if they have suggestions that are beneficial to the country and the people. When writing, please be straightforward and do not Rhetoric modification - because I can't understand it.
Behind the open voice lies powerful espionage and intelligence work. This is an often overlooked clue.
The reason why the emperor was ignored by powerful ministers was because of the permission or loopholes in the system.
First of all, not just anyone can report to the emperor, there are restrictions on official rank;
Secondly, the memorials presented to the emperor were filtered at various levels, such as Zhongshu and the Privy Council.
Therefore, some powerful ministers often withhold memorials that are unfavorable to themselves, and even kill people to silence them in order to control the emperor's information channels. For example, when Xizong of the Tang Dynasty was hunting in the west and came to Shu, Zuo picked up Meng Zhao's paintings and wrote admonitions, but Quan Jitian ordered him to silence him. The most distressing thing is that Tang Xizong never saw the memorial until his death.
Under the pretext of widening the voice, in theory, anyone was allowed to write a letter directly to the emperor, and it was delivered directly to the emperor's hands without going through any intermediary institutions or individuals. Except for the emperor himself, everyone knew what was written in it.
Of course, it can be suggestions for managing the country, or it can be other content, such as reporting. In short, the emperor controls the information channels, and there are no middlemen to make profit.
2. The three-town rebellion in the later week version
Strictly speaking, this part of the content still belongs to internal affairs, and part of it belongs to the category of "diplomacy," but I still pick it out separately.
Guo Wei rehabilitated Shi Hongzhao and others, granted posthumous titles and gifts, and also gave generous rewards to Wang Jun, Wang Yin and other direct relatives. He also had to take every aspect of consideration into account for the princes of all the vassals and towns in the world to win their recognition of the new dynasty. For example, Gao Xingzhou was promoted to Shangshu Ling, while An Shenqi and Fu Yanqing were promoted to princes from dukes.
The heroes in the feudal towns basically expressed their recognition and allegiance to the emerging Later Zhou Dynasty, but the three towns of Xuzhou, Hedong, and Yanzhou would not submit. This was also within Guo Wei's expectation. Therefore, the three towns' rebellion in the Later Zhou version became a test The first major problem for the later Zhou regime.
1. Xuzhou
When Liu Yun from Xuzhou went west to Bianzhou, he left behind his trusted generals - Du Yamen Gong Tingmei and Coach Yang Wen to stay in Xuzhou. When the news came that Liu Yun had been deposed as the Duke of Xiangyin, the two generals stamped their feet and beat their chests, "I have long said that Feng Dao cannot be trusted. I believe you, this bad old man is very bad!"
The two of them were sincere towards Liu Yun, and immediately respected Liu Yun's wife Dong, who had stayed in Xuzhou, as their master. They closed the city and refused to recognize Guo Wei's legitimacy, and sent envoys to contact Liu Chong in Hedong.
Guo Wei issued a special edict to Xuzhou, stipulating that as long as they were willing to obey the court's arrangements, they would forget the past, and he promised to promote them and make each of them a governor.
Gong Tingmei and Yang Wen flatly refused. Instead of becoming the governor, Nu Ning wanted to be the emperor!
Guo Wei made two preparations. On the one hand, he promised Gong Tingmei and Yang Wen political surrender with high-ranking officials and generous salaries. On the other hand, he appointed Wang Yanchao, the former Fuzhou defense envoy, as Xuzhou's military envoy, preparing to take over Xuzhou by force.
Wang Yanchao came to Xuzhou with Guo Wei's edict of persuasion to surrender and pardon, but to no avail, so he launched a military operation against Xuzhou on Guo Wei's order.
Liu Yun was dead at that time, and Liu Chong established his own rule in Hedong. Gong Tingmei and Yang Wen closed the city and waited for reinforcements from Hedong. Although they had iron-clad beliefs, the disparity between them and the enemy was too great. Two months later, Wang Yanchao used surface ships to conquer Xuzhou Water Village and uniquely captured Xuzhou through waterways. Gong Tingmei, Yang Wen and others were killed.
2. Hedong
On the day when Guo Wei killed Liu Yun (the sixteenth day of the first month of 951), Liu Yun's biological father, Liu Chong, the governor of Hedong, officially ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Hedong. He adopted the title of the Han Dynasty, that is, Liu Chengyou's "Qianyu" reign title. , upholding the orthodoxy of the Later Han Dynasty and extending the life of the Later Han Empire. However, in history, it is usually regarded as an independent local separatist regime, called the "Northern Han Dynasty" and ranked among the "Ten Kingdoms". It is essentially different from the Later Han regime of Liu Zhiyuan and Liu Chengyou. One of the reasons is that Liu Chong's sphere of influence is too small.
According to the records of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", the Northern Han Dynasty founded by Liu Chong only had 12 states including Taiyuan; "New History of the Five Dynasties" said that there were only 10 states; and "Ten Kingdoms Spring and Autumn" detailed the above disputes. After research, we finally came to the conclusion: 11 states.
This is certainly not a simple and crude "compromise". The dispute exists over Longzhou and Yuzhou, because Yuzhou had long been ceded to the Khitan people by Shi Jingtang, and Longzhou was a new establishment of the Northern Han Dynasty. So when Liu Chong established the Northern Han Dynasty, strictly speaking, it was 10 states, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was 11 states.
In addition to its small land area, another reason why the Northern Han Dynasty was not accepted by mainstream history was that it forgot its ancestors and deviated from its original aspirations.
Liu Zhiyuan, the founder of the Later Han Dynasty, initially took advantage of the opportunity of the Shanxi-Liao War to benefit and held high the banner of nationalism and patriotism. Opposing and resisting the Liao Dynasty was the political foundation of the Later Han Empire.
However, after Liu Chong established the Northern Han Dynasty, the first thing he did was to collude with the Khitan, actively betray the interests of the Central Plains, and strive to become a traitor and traitor.
Liu Zhiyuan's coffin board can no longer hold it down. It is estimated that not only are later generations unwilling to admit that the Northern Han Dynasty is the continuation of the Later Han Dynasty, but if Liu Zhiyuan is known after his death, he would not admit that Liu Chong inherited the mantle of the Later Han Dynasty.
Liu Chong's affection for the Khitan was not unrequited. The Khitan people took the initiative to extend an olive branch to him. The two parties hit it off and soon reached a strategic alliance and partnership.
The person responsible for this matchmaking was the Khitan uncle Pan Yuran. Pan Yuran is written as "Pan Yunian" in "Khitan Chronicles", "Pan Yaoni" in "Ten Kingdoms Spring and Autumn", and "Pan Yu" in some historical books. It's just a transliteration. Don't worry about it. He is the brother-in-law of Yelu Ruan, Shizong of Liao Dynasty. When Yelu Deguang, Taizong of the Liao Dynasty, destroyed the Later Jin Dynasty, he appointed him as the military governor of Cangzhou Henghai. When the Zhongyuan people counterattacked, Pan Yuran resolutely abandoned the city and fled.
Originally, there were two main routes for the Khitan army to retreat. Cangzhou belonged to the eastern front. If Pan Yuran's escape was dealt with according to military law, it would definitely be a death sentence. However, in the "Crossing Agreement", because he supported Yelu Ruan, he was not only exempted from punishment, but was also appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Southwest Front Army (Southwestern Road Recruitment Envoy), responsible for contact with the Central Plains.
Nowadays, with the civil strife in the Central Plains and the revolution of Zhou Dynasty and Han Dynasty, Pan Yuran very smartly contacted Liu Chong of Hedong to seek strategic cooperation. The person responsible for contacting Liu Chong was Liu Chong's second son Liu Chengjun.
Khitan and Liu Chong from Hedong are like bastards looking at mung beans - they make eye contact.
