["Healing Master" Zhang Quanyi 2]
The story of Zhang Quanyi's restoration of Luoyang's vitality has been told in detail in the previous article, so he was nicknamed "Master of Healing". Zhang Quanyi's work ability is obvious to all. In fact, even before that, when working with Li Hanzhi, Zhang Quanyi had intended to create his own persona of a "farming old man".
In the following thirty or forty years, Zhang Quanyi has been very quiet. Although he holds a high position, he has been invisible and almost forgotten by people. In these years, he only did two things: farming; and persuading others to farm. I have been farming professionally for thirty years.
When Li Cunxu destroyed Liang Dynasty, he planned to dig up Zhu Wen's grave and open the coffin to kill the corpse. No one dared to dissuade him at that time, only Zhang Quanyi stepped forward and promptly dissuaded Li Cunxu from this idea. In order to cater to Li Cunxu, the ministers of the Later Liang Dynasty criticized the Later Liang and Zhu Wen, and insulted the old masters to please the new masters, but Zhang Quanyi insisted on morality. The bottom line is just to do your job well, to fulfill your duties faithfully, and never to add insult to injury to your old owner. These two things made Zhang Quanyi have countless fans in the Later Tang Dynasty and gained people's respect.
Later, Li Cunxu's Empress Liu begged for nothing to accept Zhang Quanyi as her godfather. With Li Cunxu's mediation, Zhang Quanyi had no choice but to accept. With the support of Empress Liu, no one in the Later Tang Dynasty could touch this old farmer who was more than seventy years old.
Interestingly, before the demise of the Later Liang Dynasty, Zhang Quanyi, who had been diving, suggested to Zhu Youzhen that Duan Ning should be replaced. After hearing this, Li Siyuan died.
This can only be a coincidence of history and a joke of fate.
However, Zhang Quanyi also has some lingering stains:
1. Judicial chaos
Zhang Quanyi has no education and is from a military background. When handling civil lawsuits, he often does not have enough patience and ability. There were countless unjust, false and wrong cases, and the people suffered terribly. This is something Zhang Quanyi has been criticized for.
2. Kill Luo Guan
Luo Guan, the magistrate of Henan County, was Zhang Quanyi's subordinate. He was upright and unkind. He offended Zhang Quanyi and was hated by Zhang Quanyi. Later, Empress Dowager Cao passed away, and Li Cunxu inspected the construction of Empress Dowager Cao's mausoleum. The road was muddy due to consecutive days of heavy rain, and this road was in Luoguan's jurisdiction. So Zhang Quanyi joined forces with Empress Liu and the eunuchs to fan the flames, which finally made Li Cunxu furious and executed him. Luo Guan was killed and his body was exposed to the public.
Luo Guan's death was an injustice to the world. This is Zhang Quanyi's "slight flaw in good jade".
3. The sober stone murder case
Zhang Quanyi's supervisor (name unknown) once obtained a sobering stone from the famous Tang Dynasty prime minister Li Deyu's villa in Pingquan. This is the famous "Hingquan sobering stone" in Chinese history.
Li Deyu does not need much introduction. He is the leader of the "Li Party" in the "Niu-Li Party Struggle". This gentleman is very elegant, especially fond of all kinds of strange stones. He has collected many unique stones, and his most beloved one is this sobering stone. Whenever he was drunk, he would lie on this sobering stone to sober up. He once wrote a poem specifically for this stone:
"The jade embraces the brilliance, and the leisurely day in the courtyard is unrestrained.
In the midst of heaven and earth, he is alone. "
You can think of Li Deyu's Pingquan Villa as the Grand View Garden in "A Dream of Red Mansions". It is full of all kinds of exotic flowers, rare plants, rare trees and stones carefully cultivated by Li Deyu, and this sobering stone is the treasure of the garden. The great poet Bai Juyi was very envious of Li Deyu's stone and often made a special trip to Pingquan Villa to admire it.
Li Deyu once wrote a family motto, one of which was directed at Hiraizumi Villa: "If you remove a piece of stone or break a branch of a tree, you are not a descendant!"
During the Huangchao Rebellion, Pingquan Villa was severely damaged and almost all valuables were looted. Even Zhang Quanyi, who was responsible for repairing the Luoyang Palace afterwards, transplanted flowers and plants from Pingquan Villa. As for Li Deyu's most cherished sobering stone, Zhang Quanyi's supervisor also took it for himself.
Li Deyu's grandson Li Yangu had no intention of joining the world because he was involved in political struggles. He lived in seclusion in his ancestral home in Pingquan. Zhang Quanyi, the local military and political leader, came here because of his reputation and wanted to ask him to be his staff. Li Yangu always declined politely. Zhang Quanyi met Zhang Quanyi. During the New Year and holidays, he always brought generous gifts to visit Li Deyu's grandson. The two had a good personal relationship.
When Li Yangu learned the whereabouts of the sobering stone, he went to Zhang Quanyi and cried, saying that my grandfather had a family motto that anyone who dared to touch any plant or tree in the garden would be an unworthy descendant. Now, his most cherished sobering stone is in prison. Military occupation, I am really ashamed of his old man, wow wow wow wow...
This sobering stone has a soul and feelings. Returning it to its original owner has extraordinary historical significance.
So Zhang Quanyi set up a banquet and entertained the supervisors. After three rounds of wine and five dishes, Zhang Quanyi said to the supervisors: "You must have heard of Li Deyu, right? He has a grandson who lives in our area, the Li family. The former site of Hiraizumi Villa. He came to see me two days ago. He was crying with snot and tears. He was very sad. He said that one of his grandfather’s favorite sobering stones was placed in your house. He felt sorry for his ancestors. You see, it can Can't you look at senior Li Deyu's face from afar and my little face from afar, and return the stone to others?"
The supervisor was also furious and said angrily: "The Huangchao bandit gang has spread poison all over the world. Not to mention other places, just like our garden near Fangyuan in Luoyang, is there any garden that has not been destroyed? Is there only a broken stone in Pingquan?" "
Misfortune comes from the mouth. Don't call a thief bald in front of a monk. Comrade Zhang Quanyi is a genuine "grass thief", a heinous "chao party" who deserves to be punished by the military supervisors. The supervisors not only refuted Zhang Quanyi's face, but also insulted Zhang Quanyi.
Zhang Quanyi was furious and whipped him to death immediately. After this incident, "the world was wronged".
In addition, some historical data say that Zhu Wen once treated the women of Zhang Quanyi's family in an indescribable way, and was almost killed by Zhang Quanyi's son Zhang Jizuo because of this. As analyzed in the previous article, it was a rumor to smear him; others also listed Zhang Quanyi's acceptance of Empress Liu as his goddaughter as a stain on Zhang Quanyi, saying that Zhang Quanyi Bribing and cultivating Queen Liu in order to protect his life in the Later Tang Dynasty, we have also analyzed it in the previous article. This is really not Zhang Quanyi's initiative to get close to Queen Liu's influence, but Queen Liu's desperate request to recognize him as his godfather to prove that he is not selling fake medicine. The daughter of Liu Sou, Zhang Quanyi repeatedly declined at that time, but Li Cunxu came forward, "Zhuang Zong pressed repeatedly, but when he didn't get it, he accepted the worship of Empress Liu." Therefore, the "Old History of the Five Dynasties" said, "If it is not what you want, a gentleman will not think it wrong." .
Generally speaking, Zhang Quanyi's historical evaluation is quite high, which fully affirms his construction of the Heyang area and his outstanding political achievements. But - history is written by the victors. Who is the winner? Li Siyuan. Who helped Li Siyuan a lot? Zhang Quanyi.
"History of the Five Dynasties" puts forward different views on Zhang Quanyi:
First of all, I think Zhang Quanyi is a capricious villain. "Benchu Chao Thief", Huang Chao attached himself to Zhuge Shuang after his failure. After Zhuge Shuang's death, he and Li Hanzhi assisted the young master Zhuge Zhongfang. Soon after, he conspired with Li Hanzhi to expel the young master and become independent, and then expelled Li Hanzhi to monopolize it. Heyang.
The reason why he left people with the impression of being "loyal to the Lord" was because he finally had the insight and joined Zhu Wen. He is loyal to his master, is Zhuge Zhongfang his master? Where is Li Hanzhi?
Secondly, it completely denies Zhang Quanyi's behavior of encouraging farmers to teach and develop the economy, believing that this is his "acquisition of people and thieves to consolidate favor."
After surrendering to Zhu Wen, Zhang Quanyi spent all his money and supplies to supply Bianzhou forces, providing a solid material foundation for Zhu Wen's southern and northern campaigns. Therefore, the "History of the Five Dynasties" says that he helped Zhou to do evil and helped Zhu Wen usurp the Tang Dynasty.
It was also said that Zhang Quanyi was supposed to be exterminated together with Jingxiang, Li Zhen and others. The reason why he was not killed and was treated with courtesy was that he bribed the person in power (Queen Liu) with a lot of money and also took the initiative to contribute to the expenses of living in the suburbs. Where does the countless money come from? Isn’t it just the wealth of the people?
Therefore, "History of the Five Dynasties" says that he "stripped it off and offered it to me".
Third, accuse Zhang Quanyi of being helpless. While Zhang Quanyi was still alive, his sons had internal strife, and his son Zhang Jiye exposed and reported his adopted son Zhang Jisun.
In June of the second year of Tongguang (924), Zhang Jiye wrote in a letter: "My younger brother Zhang Jisun, whose surname is Guo, has a mother who is still alive, and is the adopted son of my father. It is now discovered that he secretly hides weapons and armor, recruits warriors, intends to plot evil, and engages in sexual misconduct in private. It is offensive to moral standards... I am determined to kill my relatives so as not to harm my family."
Therefore, Li Cunxu demoted the system, praised Zhang Jiye for his righteousness in annihilating relatives, severely criticized Zhang Jisun, demoted him from Ruzhou defense envoy to Fangzhou Sihu, joined the army and Tongzheng, ordered him to return to his original surname, committed suicide in search of a gift, and confiscated all his property. . What Li Cunxu, who was crazy about poverty, liked most was "confiscating all the family property."
His biological son Zhang Jizuo was also killed for rebellion during the Later Jin Dynasty. "History of the Five Dynasties" commented on this, saying that this is a typical sin committed by the ancestors, and the retribution will be on the descendants.
I really disagree with the views of "The History of the Five Dynasties".
First of all, it is a bit unreasonable to say that Zhang Quanyi is "capricious".
In that era, how many people stayed the same? Being in the arena, you can't help yourself. This book is based on a pragmatic attitude and is judged based on whether it treats the people well and whether it has a positive role in promoting the historical process. Therefore, the book believes that the "healing master" Zhang Quanyi should be regarded as a positive figure.
The Luoyang area was ravaged by war in the later stages of the Huangchao Rebellion. In particular, the great bandit Sun Ru carried out organized and systematic destruction of Luoyang during his retreat based on the principle of "what I can't get, the enemy can't get." Such as arson and massacre. Under Zhang Quanyi's governance, Luoyang met the conditions to become the capital of the empire in just a few years. Compared with those warlords of the same period, Zhang Quanyi was really a breath of fresh air.
Secondly, it is said that Zhang Quanyi developed the economy for the purpose of exploiting and amassing wealth and bribing powerful people... This is simply a ridiculous accusation and a fallacy that I am too lazy to refute.
Finally, it was said that Zhang Quanyi's family was helpless. Maybe, the internal strife between the biological son and the godson over the inheritance was a unique product of that era. Not only Zhang Quanyi, but also Zhu Wen, Wang Chongying, Li Siyuan... there were many emperors and generals who encountered this.
However, it would be a bit sarcastic to say that Zhang Jizuo's rebellion and execution were the "remaining disaster" of Zhang Quanyi.
Zhang Quanyi supported Li Siyuan in taking command, which enabled Li Siyuan to finally escape from the tiger's mouth in Luoyang, and he soon became the leader of the Ninth Five-Year Plan because of this command. For Li Siyuan, old Comrade Zhang Quanyi was definitely the "founding hero of the country." It is reasonable to say that it is whitewashed and beautified.
"History of the Five Dynasties" believes that historians deliberately concealed some historical facts for some "you know" reasons. For example, Zhang Quanyi was obviously beautified, "especially false beauty", and it was determined that Zhang Quanyi could not be called a "famous minister" at all. . He also accused those who praised Zhang Quanyi as a famous official as "unscrupulous and ignorant people", and there were also trolls among ancient historians.
A hundred schools of thought contend, and this is the charm of history. It is said that there are a thousand Hamlets in the hearts of a thousand readers.
