"The three treasures of princes: land, people, and political affairs - "Mencius: Wholeheartedness""
~~~
The second day of the first lunar month of the second year of Guangde.
After long and full preparations, Liu Kan, who had been silent for a long time, issued an edict to the whole country in the name of the emperor:
End the debate between the north and south of Daqi, scholars, farmers, industry and commerce over the implementation of several circles of doctrine in Jiangnan.
Citing the floods that occurred in Jiangsu and Zhejiang last year, the emperor thought it inappropriate to immediately equalize land rights in the two provinces and abolish private property.
This reason can be described as far-fetched and perfunctory, but it is still a reason.
On the third day of the first lunar month, Emperor Guangde issued the second edict:
Starting from the first day of February in the second year of Guangde, we have cleared land for ten acres in Zhejiang and Jiangsu.
The purge of the father-in-law was based on Zhang Juzheng's reform in the sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and was appropriately modified based on the actual conditions of the two provinces.
The boots finally hit the ground.
For the wealthy right-wingers in the two provinces who have been in constant panic, they can finally breathe a sigh of relief.
Although the Qing father-in-law system is harsh, there is still room for operation. Compared with the "Qi Dynasty Land Acquisition System", it is nothing more than an edict to avoid death.
In the second year of Guangde, the parents-in-law were cleared. The specific measures were as follows:
1. The premise of clearing the land and grain is whether there is any leakage of taxes and grains. If there is any missing tax or arrears, the land will be cleared. If there are no deficiencies, there is no need to clear the land;
2. The work of cleaning up the emperor was under the general charge of the Chief Secretary of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, and was divided into garrison and military roads. Fuzhou and counties were in charge of their own territory. The Imperial Guard, Ouchi, Enyiwei, and the Capital University sent personnel to supervise the work.
3. Distinguish between official land, civilian land, farmland, etc., and the tax and grain rules for the above, middle and lower taxes should be investigated and clarified one by one during the Qing Dynasty. It is not allowed to pass off inferior goods as good ones, or to deceive and deceive.
4. In the Qing Dynasty, those who are willing to turn themselves in over the past years (from the 25th year of Hongwu) and have not reported the land reclamation will be exempted from crime; those who report false acres of land will be imprisoned and sent to Sakhalin to be exiled; those who have occupied land in hiding will be punished. Destroy three tribes.
5. Set the period for clearing the father-in-law, from February of the second year of Guangde to February of the third year of Guangde, with a period of one year.
6. In the method of measurement and calculation, all measurement standards are based on the weights and measures newly promulgated by Daqi, which makes unified regulations for grain containers: "Every ten kilograms is a dou, ten dou is a stone, and one stone is a load (i.e. one hundred kilograms). Calculated by kilograms), people must check according to the calculation, and do not rely on the weight of the local variegated 'dou', 'luo', 'barrel', and 'jiuli' dendrobium. The unit of land area is: dan, mu.
7. The cost of supplying documents and papers: shall be borne by the wealthy gentry and wealthy households in the two provinces.
It is for measuring seven items.
As soon as this order was issued, there was an uproar in the north and south.
The Qi officials south of the Yangtze River almost unanimously supported Emperor Guangde, and they all went to court to agree with him, praising the young emperor for being wise and wise, and for avoiding the "Qi Dynasty Land Acquisition System", which was really a blessing to the country.
Northern officials reacted coldly, apparently dissatisfied with this policy of discrimination and differential treatment between the north and the south.
On the sixth day of the first lunar month, Tan Shitong, the civil affairs official of Weishi County, Henan, wrote in blood to the Ministry of Rites, blaming the cabinet for eating vegetarian meals, and complained of injustice. He sued Zhang Pu, the Minister of Rites, and Qiao Yiqi, the Minister of Hubu, for favoring southerners. He also accused the new emperor of being stupid and incompetent and treating him differently. The scholars and people in the north and south really chilled the people in the north. Before the memorial arrived in Nanjing, they drank bullets and committed suicide while talking about the world.
On the same day, on the streets of Nanjing, several Beijing officials from the north complained of injustice and stopped Lu Xiangsheng's official sedan to enter the palace to complain.
On the tenth day of the first lunar month, two generals from Liaodong in Handan Prefecture secretly planned to organize new soldiers to launch a military revolt. The action was discovered in time by the Capricorn Guards and was quickly put down.
The opposition between the north and the south has become more and more intense.
At this time, the refugees in Yunyang, which had suffered from drought for three consecutive years, rioted again.
On the third day of the first lunar month, Tian Jiu, a blacksmith from Yunyang, lied that "the emperor was kidnapped by the Nanmanzi, and we will go to Jiangnan to rescue the emperor." Lead the refugees to revolt.
The bandits moved to Zhuxi and Yun counties, built strongholds in Ma Mian Mountain, made weapons, and prepared to fight against the enemy. Forced by the harsh government, people from all over came to hear the news.
On the eighth day of the first lunar month, Tian Jiu was annihilated by Yunyang Fu Zhenfu soldiers (more than thirty people).
The whole country was in a state of turmoil, and all provinces pointed their finger at the wealthy Jiangnan gentry. There were rumors that the Huguang garrison would go to Taicang, Suzhou and other places to impose martial law and "kill traitors for the country."
····
On the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Supreme Emperor issued an edict to exempt and exempt the provinces of Henan, Shandong, and Liaodong from taxes for one year. He ordered the troops stationed in each corps to be on strict alert and not to allow bad guys to take advantage of the opportunity to cause trouble. At the same time, he sent Senti and more than 300 instructors to the north. In each province, Jiangnan New Deal was preached to appease people's hearts.
After a series of ups and downs, the vigorous movement to clear the parents-in-law has finally begun!
Farmers and landowners in the two provinces have a ten-day deadline to declare the number of acres of land on their own. After the first day of February, the supervisor will conduct random checks on the measurement situation.
The dynasties of all dynasties have always strived to save manpower and financial resources on surveying and drawing. The dynasties were concerned about taxation rather than precise land figures.
However, Daqi spared no expense and made sure to clearly check the number of acres in the two provinces.
Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces carried out inventory tasks based on the general principle of "seven measurements" and combined with local specific conditions.
The supervisory team said: "Because it is difficult to distinguish the boundaries of military fields and tuntians, the walls of the Dongqing Banpo section are easy to mix, and there are no old areas in the rice fields, there is no basis for measurement. If there is no inspection first, there is a risk of fraud and fraud, which will lead to abuses. Then he ordered the commissioned officials to preliminarily map out the land that should be ten feet long and those that were not ten feet long in the province, according to the original boundary address, and draw a map of the area, and then convert the original plan and calculation into the number, and measure them one by one with the original acres. Copy them step by step. The bow is used to prevent it from changing; the bamboo rope is added to prevent it from being moved; the benchmark is set up to distinguish the boundaries and can be registered; the superintendent uses the sign to prohibit harassment and deter obstruction. The old situation must not be carried out. But the cleverness and falsehood have nothing to sell, and the traitor hides..."
To put it simply, farmers and landowners first self-declare the amount and address of their fields, and then the official compares it with the amount held by the government, and demarcates the areas that should be paid and exempted. On this basis, measurements and spot checks will be carried out, and local measurement units will be gradually implemented. Transition to official levy unit.
On the 20th of the first month of the second year of Guangde, the cabinet recommended the appointment of Kang Guangxu, the censor of Zhejiang, Zhang Yunxiu (the fifth son of Zhang Juzheng), the head of the Ministry of Punishment, Zhang Bao, the eunuch of the Bureau of Ceremonies, Li Zicheng, the commander of the Coil Guards, and the lecturer of the Capital University Hall. Five people from Dai Li (Note 1), together with Suzhou Prefecture and Prefecture officials, formed the Zhejiang and Su Qingzhang inspection teams. Huang Delun led the First Battalion of the First Corps to escort a total of 3,000 soldiers and stationed in Taicang Fucheng.
The five-member group is headed by Zhang Yunxiu, who is the general manager of Qingzhang of Zhejiang and Suzhou.
Zhang Yunxiu was the fifth son of Zhang Juzheng. According to original history, Zhang Yunxiu was first Yin Shangbaocheng (the fifth rank). In April of the twelfth year of Wanli, an order was issued to seize Zhang Juzheng's family property and seize Zhang Yunxiu's official position. In the third year of Chongzhen's reign, Zhang Yun was reinstated as an official. Fourteen years later, Zhang Xianzhong captured Jingzhou, and Zhang Yunxiu died on a hunger strike.
However, the descendants of Zhang Juzheng in this plane are not so miserable.
When Zhang Yunxiu was young, he witnessed Emperor Wanli's revenge on the Zhang family and the corruption of the Ming court. He regarded himself as Ji Shao. After Da Qi replaced the Ming Dynasty, his friend Fu Zuozhou persuaded him to become an official. In the first year of Taichu, Zhang Yunxiu, who was over forty years old, finally decided to He participated in the Daqi imperial examination and passed the imperial examination that year, but he was promoted unusually.
In just five years, he was promoted from a mere minister of Jingzhou to the head of the Ministry of Punishment.
Zhang Yunxiu knew that Qing's father-in-law was full of dangers, but he decided to follow the example of Ji Kang's son Ji Shao and defend Daqi with passion.
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On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month, the Yamen of Taicang Prefecture City.
Two rows of Qi soldiers wearing black military uniforms and carrying Mini rifles guarded the area around the Yamen.
Zhang Jinglue, dressed in a black robe, sat high in the lobby, while Dai Li, Li Zicheng, Zhang Bao, Kang Guangxu and others sat on the left and right.
Zhang Yunxiu glanced sharply at all the local officials.
Although it was the first month of the year, Huang Shanyan, the magistrate of Taicang, kept wiping the sweat on his forehead as if it was very hot.
2k
Snapped!
Huang Shanyan trembled subconsciously.
Every time the gavel exploded, Huang Zhizhou was scared to death.
In the lower position of Huang Zhizhou, there are Yang Tongzhi of the state, He Tongpian, and other subordinate officials such as recommendation officer, experience officer, Zhaomo officer, school inspector, and prison officer.
Taicang Guard Commander Red Ming, Eunuch Cao from the Suzhou Weaving Bureau and Director Cai from the Hushu Chaoguan were sitting opposite the state officials, all with their heads hanging down at the moment, not looking directly at the inspection team.
Zhang Yunxiu's eyes fell on Huang Zhizhou.
Huang Shanyan looked around and saw that no one came out to speak for him, so he had to bite the bullet and said:
"Zhang Jinglue clearly learned that most of our country's reserves are located in the southeast, but Suzhou Prefecture is the most important. The people in Taicang cultivate intensively, which is different from those in the north. Therefore, the yield per mu is quite high, and the taxes are ten times that of the north... In July of the year before last, there were continuous heavy rains. Taihu Lake and Loujiang River flooded, and acres of farmland were submerged..."
"shut up!"
Zhang Yunxiu stood up and said angrily: "I came here today to ask about the number of acres of land in Taicang Prefecture, not to listen to these allusions from the previous dynasty!"
"The day before yesterday, Ben Jinglue and He Tongpan went to the treasury to check the yellow books and fish scale books. He said that there was a fire in the treasury during the Lantern Festival this year, and the account books were burned down! The Lantern Festival just happened, how could such a coincidence happen."
"The Holy One has spoken beforehand. Those who are willing to surrender and have committed unpaid crimes over the years will be exempted from guilt! Huang Zhizhou, you should think twice. One wrong thought will lead to death without a burial place."
Li Zicheng's eyes were like swords, staring at Huang Shanyan who was slumped in the chair. Dai Li, a lecturer from the Capital University, took out a pen and paper and started recording. Kang Guangxu seemed to have nothing to do, playing with the jade ring on his thumb leisurely. The eunuch Zhang Bao always looked gloomy, and all the Taicang officials did not even dare to look up at the eunuch.
Ma Shanyan stammered: "The scriptures are clear and clear. The law of farming in the Ming Dynasty has been out of use for a long time, and it is just in name. The fertile fields are occupied by wealthy officials, the poor soldiers have no land to cultivate, the wives of the common people are cold and exhausted, and people have no life." .”
Kang Guangxu stopped playing with his fingers and looked at Ma Shanyan with bright eyes.
"Although Taicang is a prosperous place in the southeast, Huangcekai actually has less than half of the acres. From the 25th year of Hongwu to the present, for more than 200 years, the population has been huge. The powerful families of the past dynasties have spread their wealth and moved their farmland eastward. Xi, all kinds of methods are used to transfer taxes and servitude to the common people. In the end, it is a bad debt. What's more, now that the yellow books are gone, we can't blame all the misdeeds of the previous dozen governors on the lower officials... ··”
Zhang Yun interrupted: "The bad debt is not a bad debt. We will know it once we check it. Let's not talk about the yellow book today. The treasury was burned during the Lantern Festival. Why didn't your state report it to the Ministry of Household Affairs?"
Ma Shanyan hesitated and said: "Well, after some careful observation, a trip from Taicang to the capital, which is 800 miles away, will take three days. I'm afraid the cabinet memorials are piling up, and these small fire incidents have not yet been approved by the Holy Emperor..."
Zhang Yunxiu raised his head and looked at Zhang Bao. The eunuch and eunuch, the eunuch, stood up immediately and glanced at Ma Shanyan as if he were looking at a dead person.
"Ma Shanyan, the memorials from various places in Daqi are now jointly reviewed by the Supreme Emperor and the Emperor. Our family works under Eunuch Dongfang, and we have never heard of a memorial that was not approved by Zhu on the same day. You can't be lying."
Ma Shanyan opened his mouth wide. Sitting on his left hand, Eunuch Cao's face turned livid. He coughed lightly and was about to speak.
"Eunuch Cao, yesterday our family took the Coin Yiwei brothers to check the money customs account books. I heard that the Wang family in Taicang was having an affair with you guys from the Weaving Bureau. My people found some certificates and asked us to go to your house. Search the house? Or go to Wang Heng’s house to search the house? Or tell me something that our family doesn’t know now.”
Eunuch Cao of the Weaving Bureau looked pale and was sweating profusely.
Zhang Bao took the Shang Fang Sword from Li Zicheng and said with murderous intent: "It is also the mercy of the Supreme Emperor that allows you, the eggless people of the previous dynasty, to continue to make money in the Weaving Bureau. You don't know your allegiance to the new dynasty, but you collude with the local wealthy families. It's really Dark conscience!"
Note:
1. Dai Li (1614 ~ 1682), who was originally famous and given the courtesy name Zezhi, was born in Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province. He was a well-known scholar, knowledgeable and knowledgeable. He studied under Xu Guangqi. In the first year of Guangde, after the Qi soldiers crossed the river, they entered Xiufeng Mountain to serve as Dai Li. monk. Later, he returned to secular life and lived in seclusion in Zhujiagang, Tongli, Wujiang. Taizu forced him to become an official and served as a lecturer in Nanjing University, teaching students. He was familiar with the historical events of the late Ming Dynasty and diligently wrote about them. In the second year of Guangde, he followed Kang Guangxu and others to Taicang to clear the land.
