When later history enthusiasts study the official system of the Da Qi Empire, a common mistake they often make is to say that the Da Qi system is the Qi Chengming system.
On the surface, the official system of Qi is quite similar to that of the previous Ming Dynasty. However, there are still some differences when compared carefully.
At the center, the cabinet was replaced by the prime minister, and the six ministries (Lihu, Lihu, Punishment, Engineers, and Soldiers) were directly responsible to the emperor.
The prime minister conferred bachelor's degrees (bachelor of Huagaidian, bachelor of Jianjidian, bachelor of Wenyuange, etc.), the second grade.
There is a general manager of the inner court, with Dongfang Zhu as the first general manager. The general manager ranks first among the twelve supervisors and the twenty-four yamen. Together with the prime minister, he has the power to criticize people.
The difference from the Ming system is that Emperor Wu Ding attached great importance to the influence of his relatives and nobles, and established the title of Duke of the State, which was held by his relatives and nobles. Like the prime minister and the general manager, he also had the right to approve memorials.
Since then, the top level of Daqi has formed a situation of separation of four powers: prime minister power, eunuch power (general manager), imperial power, and relatives and nobles.
The prime minister is responsible for voting on national affairs (putting forward opinions on how to deal with them), and the general manager and nobles are responsible for voting and approving (approving opinions and acting on behalf of the emperor). The final edict must be submitted to the emperor for review before it is issued.
Under the general manager, there is one eunuch holding the seal, and several eunuchs holding the pen. The eunuch holding the seal is in charge of the ceremonial department, and the chief eunuch holding the pen is in charge of the East Factory and the Town Fusi (coir raincoat guards).
There are six departments in the center of Qi (the palace and the royal palace each have their own teams, one real and one empty), and each of the six departments has a department of cleaning officials, including the Ministry of Husbandry and the Department of Punishment, each with thirteen departments of cleaning officials.
The Procuratorate and Youai Temple were ordered to be established. The Metropolitan Procuratorate developed from the Metropolitan Procuratorate of the previous Ming Dynasty and was responsible for supervision, impeachment and recommendations. The hearing of prison cases in charge of Youai Temple was developed from Dali Temple in the pre-Ming Dynasty. Youai Temple, the Procuratorate, and the Ministry of Punishment are collectively called the Three Central Bureaus because they are in charge of judicial affairs.
In addition, Da Qi abolished the six sections of the official system of the Ming Dynasty and assigned them to Shizhong (i.e., Yanguan), and abolished the attendants. The original responsibilities of admonishment, repair, retrieval, review, sealing and refutation of edicts, etc., were handled by the training officer, and the censor was also abolition.
At the local level, Daqi continued the provincial system that had been implemented since the Yuan Dynasty. It was still divided into three levels: province, prefecture, and county. The chief officials at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels were directly appointed and removed by the emperor. Below the county level were townships and villages, and all villages were farmers. Associations and chambers of commerce elect representatives for direct management.
The long-term plan of Daqi's administrative organization is to cover eighty-one provinces in three capitals (including the provinces of Annan, Korea, and Japan). The three capitals are Zhongjing (Tianxin City), Tokyo (Pyongyang), and Nanjing (Jakarta).
In addition to the thirty-six provinces within the pass, the eighty-one provinces include four provinces in Liaodong, five provinces in Mongolia, three provinces in Korea, ten provinces in Japan, six provinces in Annan, three provinces in Chenla (now Cambodia), and Siam (now Thailand). Six provinces, three provinces of Champa State (today's southern Vietnam), two provinces of Sumatra (today's Pasai, Sumatra Island), three provinces of Java State (today's Java Island), two provinces of Waiheng State (today's Malay Peninsula), and three provinces. The three provinces of Phu Chi (now Palembang, Sumatra) and the two provinces of Bo Ni (now Brunei)...
Among them, the Zhili Prefectures in Junzhou (Shuntian Prefecture) are collectively called Zhili.
The highest chief executive of each province is the governor, and under him are the Department of Proclamation and Administrative Affairs, the Department of Punishment and Prosecution, and the Department of Command and Control (together known as the three local departments).
The military differences between Da Qi and the former Ming Dynasty will be introduced in detail later and will not be mentioned here for the time being.
~~~~
In March of the third year of Taichu, Emperor Wuding issued an edict, appointing Ge Yewen, the former minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as governor of Henan, and Lu Zhenfei, a demoted official in Nanming, as governor of Hubei. After the two thanked him in Luoyang, they immediately went to Kaifeng and Xiangyang to take office.
In order to strengthen the rule over the newly occupied areas and avoid backyard fires during the army's Eastern Expedition to Korea, officials in all prefectures and counties were replaced by old people from the Kaiyuan family. A large number of instructors and chamber of commerce apprentices who graduated from schools entered the yamen of Fuzhou and counties.
The peasant associations, which grew up during the Great Purge, relied on the support of force to firmly control power below the county level, replacing the original "rural sage" governance system that relied on patriarchal clans and patriarchs to rule the countryside.
Under the powerful offensive of the peasant associations, the old rural system was completely crushed.
In the spring of the third year of Taichu, Emperor Wu Ding drew several circles in the Central Plains and Jingxiang, and brand-new Tunpu schools were built one after another.
The refugees in Jingxiang gradually moved out of the mountains and into the Tunpu farmlands; children from all prefectures and counties began to attend school.
According to the Daqi education decree, the imperial children, regardless of Han, Miao, Mongolian or Jurchen, regardless of gender, over six years old and under twelve years old, must enter the school to learn literacy, learn natural science, military, geography, and other subjects. Of course, It is also indispensable to learn from the gratitude to the Emperor of Daqi and the army of Daqi.
From the children's song "Thank you because you warm the four seasons" to "Without Emperor Wuding, there would be no new China", Emperor Wuding could ride a horse at the age of three, kill enemies at the age of five, and command an army in battle at the age of ten...
Under the diligent guidance of representatives of the soldiers, representatives of the Chamber of Commerce, instructors, and teachers of various subjects, "truths" such as this are firmly engraved in the minds of all students.
The instructor Senti said proudly: "They (students) may forget who they are, but they will never forget who saved them from starvation and gave them new life!"
Liu Zhaosun neither opposed nor supported this fanatical move to create gods.
Let everything take its course.
All tuition fees for children will be borne by the Hanlin Academy.
In doing so, the power of interpreting knowledge can be taken back from the hands of Confucian scholars who account for less than 2% of the population.
Whoever can control the literate people can control public opinion, and whoever can control history.
After children complete their studies, they can choose to join a workshop as an apprentice, go to the army or auxiliary force, or join an expedition team to explore distant places.
~~~~In April of the third year of Taichu, on the eve of Emperor Wu Ding's return to Liaodong, he sent the honorable minister Jin Dajiu, Duke of Chengguo, to disobey the orders of Marquis Zhu Youxiao and lead Luoyang officials and craftsmen from Henan to Junzhou. Support the construction of a new capital in Junzhou.
On the eighth day of April, the Supreme Emperor led a group of retinues to leave Henan and march towards Liaodong.
During the construction of the capital, two supernatural things happened, to be precise, they were both auspicious.
At that time, most of the wood used to build the new capital was cut down in Sichuan. The rafts were first placed on the Yangtze River and flown down the river. When they arrived at Hankou, the rafts were intercepted and then transported along the Han River to Wudang Mountain.
There was a piece of wood that was very strange. When we arrived at Hankou, it was not floating sideways on the water like other pieces of wood, but standing straight on the water.
Jin Dajiu sent official Sima Ping to look underwater and found that the wood was still several feet high and had not reached the bottom. He thought it was strange and said that God had left this wood for palace construction in Tianxin City. Finally, Junzhou soldiers and civilians tied the timber with ropes and dragged it to the construction site. It was used as the main beam of the Huangji Palace. In the later "Capital Ruiying Picture", there are many scenes of boats pulling timber passing by the Yellow Crane Tower.
The second piece of auspiciousness is this. At that time, craftsmen from various places to Junzhou mostly took the waterway.
Because the wages offered by the Qi State were very high, people were not afraid of the Nanming Emperor's repeated orders not to allow handovers with the Qi State, and people continued to rush to Junzhou to seek refuge.
There was a man named Liu Zhong in Xiangtan, Hunan. He took several boats and set out from the Xiangtan area to Guanghua County. When they were approaching Junzhou, they encountered a heavy storm at a place called Sheepskin Beach. On the shore, they suddenly saw a dark thing swimming downstream, and they used a long bamboo pole to push it to the shore. At first glance, they saw a big bell with a diameter of more than two meters. They all suspected that it was a palace bell, so they dedicated it to Duke Cheng.
Jin Dajiu was overjoyed and thought it was auspicious, so he enshrined the bell in the newly built bell tower and hurriedly reported the matter to the Supreme Emperor.
This is the auspicious "water gushing bell".
The Supreme Emperor, who was on his way back to Liaodong, did not show any joy when he heard about this and said coldly:
"Tell Cheng Guogong, don't give random auspiciousness in the future. I sent him to Junzhou to supervise the work, not to do all these chores every day! If you dare to teach uncle and brother these heresy, I will Just kill whoever you want!"
~~~~~
The entire journey was silent.
After a month and a half of long journey, at the end of April, the Emperor's Xingluan approached Shanhaiguan. Zheng Yishi, the commander of the 10th Corps, received the news early and went ten miles out of Shanhaiguan to greet the emperor.
Liu Zhaosun attaches great importance to the defense of Shanhaiguan. This place is an important road connecting the inside and outside of the pass, which can be said to affect the whole body. In the original history, Li Zicheng failed in the end and had nothing to do with Shanhaiguan.
"The general has followed the teachings of the Holy Spirit and strengthened the training of the 10th Corps. At the same time, he has urged farmers' associations, chambers of commerce, and farmers to farm. Last year, 30,000 acres of newly reclaimed land in western Liaoning was enough to support..."
Zheng Yishi was wearing fine armor, and his black cloak covered his gradually bulging belly. He walked in front with two soldiers. Emperor Wu Ding followed him up the Shanhaiguan city wall, followed by Lin Yu, Wu Xiao and Li Zicheng. Finally, he looked around with vigilance.
Liu Zhaosun listened carefully to Zheng Yishi's report, and then inspected the shops in the pass under the leadership of his old subordinate. He was quite satisfied with Zheng Yishi's performance during this period.
In early May, we returned to Liaodong.
The nearly two-year southern patrol operation has come to a successful conclusion.
On May 7, the Emperor's Xingluan entered the city through Guangji Gate in Shenyang, followed Chaoyang Street, and entered the palace through the Meridian Gate.
Ministers such as Qian Qianyi and Zhou Yongchun took the place of the young emperor and went out to greet him at the Meridian Gate. Queen Mother Yang Qing'er, Jin Yuji and Princess Chen Yuanyuan were also among the crowd.
Liu Zhaosun exchanged pleasantries with his ministers and concubines, and then returned to the palace that day.
The next day, the Supreme Emperor summoned the Young Emperor and asked about Liu Kan's homework and studies.
"Disciples' rules and sages' instructions.
The first is filial piety, the second is trust.
Love everyone and be kind.
If you have enough energy to spare, then...
Liu Zhaosun took out his ruler and looked at his son eagerly.
"Then what?"
Liu Kan, who was four years and three months old, looked at his father with wide eyes and an innocent look on his face.
"Reach out!"
After two consecutive blows, the Supreme Emperor said angrily: "If you memorize it well, if you can't carry it out, you can't play with bamboo dragonflies today!"
Liu Kan suppressed his sadness, tears welling up in his eyes.
Jin Yuji and Yang Qing'er couldn't stand it anymore and waved away Dongfang Zhu. The two women began to accuse him of being too harsh. After hearing this, Liu Zhaosun immediately retorted:
"I started reading when I was three years old and am familiar with Taoist classics. I can do it, why can't he? You have spoiled him! He only knows how to play every day!"
Jin Yuji scolded: "What kind of book are you reading? You're just following a few Wudang Taoist priests to draw talismans and beat the dead (note 1)..."
Liu Zhaosun's face was red and his ears were red, and he was speechless.
~~~
In a blink of an eye, the young emperor reached the age of giving lectures. Emperor Wuding appointed Qian Qianyi, Zhou Yongchun, Tang Ruowang, and Wang Shimin as the emperor's teachers.
Qian Qianyi is the leader of the Donglin Party, and Zhou Yongchun is the leader of the Qi Party. The two are like fire and water. They are responsible for teaching the little emperor Confucian doctrines, historical classics, and domineering kingship;
Tang Ruowang was the most knowledgeable among the missionaries who came to China, and was responsible for teaching the little emperor natural science knowledge;
Wang Shimin was the grandson of Wang Xijue, the chief minister of Wanli Dynasty. He was a native of Taicang, Suzhou Prefecture, South Zhili. He was good at calligraphy and painting and was responsible for teaching calligraphy and painting to the young emperor;
Liu Zhaosun went into battle in person and took Liu Kan to squat on horseback every day to practice the basic moves of Bajiquan and horse arching and horseback riding.
Under the supervision of Emperor Wu Ding, the second emperor of the empire, he developed comprehensively in literature, art, science, geography, history, sports and psychology from the age of four, laying a solid foundation for later becoming an emperor through the ages.
Note:
1. Beating and waiting for the corpse: In urban and rural areas of Junzhou, the funeral customs are basically the same. There is a custom of "beating and waiting for the corpse" for the deceased, and singing "Song of Waiting for the Corpse" to express mourning for the deceased. Legend has it that it originated from Qu Yuan of Chu State. "War". "Song of Waiting for the Corpse" consists of three parts: "Qigu", "Zhengqiang" and "Shagu". There is a fixed routine when singing. "It mainly sings about people who live to be a hundred years old and will eventually die, as well as myths and legends. The atmosphere is solemn and solemn.
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