The parliamentary system is actually a very ancient discussion model in human history. The prototype of parliament has been in existence since ancient Greece. The Senate of ancient Rome was actually a political system with a parliamentary nature.
Parliament, Parliament! Using discussion and debate to determine the direction of policy has been a very effective way to fight against dictatorship in human history.
Because a person's IQ and energy are limited after all, and dictators often only consider their own interests, which conflicts with the interests of more people.
In order to avoid such drawbacks, human beings have chosen to discuss national affairs among the people, use collective wisdom to make up for individual shortcomings, and use the power of the group to counteract the shortcomings of dictatorship.
Parliament is a political tool that embodies democracy. It is not a political system in itself. The British constitutional monarchy has a parliament, the United States of America also has a parliament, and the French republic also has a parliament... Even the Bonaparte family has a parliament. In both empires, parliaments also briefly appeared.
Even Tsarist Russia, known for its dictatorship, also had an aristocratic Duma system, which was actually a variant of the parliamentary system.
It can be said that the parliamentary system has accompanied the entire human civilization. Except for the feudal dictatorship era in the Middle Ages, when it was banned, in the rest of human history, all countries have a parliamentary system for discussing state affairs.
However, in the 19th century, France was the only country where the parliamentary system had the most profound and widespread influence, and it was only here that the rights of parliament were most respected by the people.
The origin began with the Great Revolution. The vigorous development of the bourgeoisie, the heavy oppression of feudal emperors and decadent priests, and finally the outbreak of the Great Revolution that shocked the world.
The idea of natural human rights was the first to spread in France!
The idea of dictatorship was completely eradicated. Looking at the king's head rolling in the dirt, all French people knew that the era of dictatorship was gone forever.
Even the theocratic power could not even think of suppressing the thoughts of the awakened people. During the Great Revolution, there was a period of violence throughout France in which priests were massacred.
The awakening of civil rights naturally greatly curbed the emergence of dictators, and the most effective system for embodying civil rights at that time was parliament.
France is divided into more than 500 constituencies. Basically, each province has two constituencies. You must know that French provinces are completely different from Chinese provinces, with much smaller area and population.
The actual area of a province is sometimes equivalent to two or three counties!
Members elected from each constituency can enter the National Assembly, commonly known as the House of Representatives. During the Republic, the House of Representatives was the highest authority in France. They had the power to veto bills, amend laws, and impeach national leaders.
However, the power of the House of Representatives also needs to be restricted, and governing the country also requires the knowledge and experience of many professionals. Members of the House of Representatives are elected by local popular elections.
This is a problem. Local universal suffrage sometimes selects moral models or people with great local prestige, but such people are not necessarily outstanding professionals in governance.
Therefore, in order to balance the rights, in addition to the House of Representatives, there is also a smaller Senate. Although the Senate has smaller powers than the House of Representatives, it is more often the Senate that proposes bills because the politicians here are more professional.
To put it more simply, the House of Representatives elects members by popular vote, and uneducated farmers can also vote for members of their constituencies.
In the Senate, political parties elect members. To put it bluntly, politicians elect politicians. The politicians elected in this way are definitely more professional and have a greater reputation.
What Thiers is desperately trying to save now is the most powerful member of the Senate!
Because the Parliament was jointly elected by the entire French people, they naturally became the most prestigious institution besides the emperor.
France is currently in a state of anarchy and a precarious state of war. At this juncture, who will the people choose to believe?
Of course, they choose to believe in the power of habit. The French are already accustomed to the parliamentary system, and countless French people have sacrificed their lives to defend this system!
One can imagine the importance of the Parliament in the minds of the people!
Therefore, at this juncture, all politicians will try their best to fight for control of the Parliament, because behind the Parliament is the support of the entire French people.
You Blanqui can speak well among the working class in Paris, but how can you go to the countryside of the Pyrenees to speak? See if anyone else is listening?
The same government documents, the two-part decree signed by the Parliament and signed by you Blanqui, are all sent to the local governor. Who do you think he will listen to?
If the parliament does not listen to the people's choice, should it still listen to you, Blanqui?
In other words, with the support of the Parliament, you are equivalent to getting the support of all France, and you can integrate the power of all France for my use.
Blanqui only received the support of the working class. Except for those representative cities with developed industries, the authority of Blanqui and others in other areas was very weak.
One can integrate the power of all France, and the other can only integrate the power of millions of the working class... Under such comparison, the chaos will naturally become clear.
"So! The first battle in this conflict must be the Bourbon Palace and the French Grand Council!"
"Blanqui is a smart man, how could he ignore the power of Parliament..."
Xiang Ying is not stupid, he is an excellent talent who knows everything. He just puts most of his energy into naval affairs and somewhat neglects political studies.
Today, the master gave him such a detailed analysis, and his mind suddenly became enlightened!
"Oh... I really ignored the power of habit, the unique history and people's sentiments of France... Just as the master analyzed, France is in a national crisis at the moment. In the chaos, people can only choose to believe in familiar voices and the power of habit. !”
"Perhaps the parliament is full of fat fools, but these fools have the aura of blessings from the members... When the emperor, the biggest force of habit, disappears, they will naturally ascend to the top and become the number one force trusted by the people! "
"Hahaha... I've realized it, I've realized it!"
"But master, I still think that Blanqui should prepare with both hands. While desperately trying to seize control of the parliament, he should also control more force..."
"If it were me, I would immediately kidnap the commander of France's highest city defense and control those generals within the range of a pistol!"
"Three hundred thousand National Guardsmen, plus 180,000 regular troops... Only then can we be sure!"
The ferry had already touched the river bank. Xiao Letian threw the map into Xiang Ying's hand and said with a smile, "Any guesses we have are useless. What we have to do now is to hurry up and see with our own eyes..."
"Maybe the situation is exactly as you guessed! Or maybe the situation is more intense than you guessed... Maybe Paris has already begun to bleed at this moment!"
"Speed up the march! We must reach Paris within 24 hours!"
:. :
