Huang Xiyin did not expect Zhang Xiao, an outsider, to be so clear about the situation of local water conservancy facilities in Jiujiang. The reason why he mentioned this matter was probably because he wanted to praise the achievements of the Song people, so he flattered him: "After the completion of this enclosure, there will be no trace of Xiqiao Chao Tian." In this bad year, Guangzhou has also become the largest rice market in China. There is a large amount of surplus grain to support Fujian and Zhejiang, and it is known as Guangmi. This is indeed a contribution to the contemporary era and a benefit to the future."
Zhang Xiao is not embarrassed by Huang Xiyin's flattery. Sangyuanwei is indeed the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people. It protects the Nanhai and Shunde Fourteenth Forts. It has thousands of hectares of fertile land and a large population. It is the most important embankment in Guangzhou Prefecture. one of the important tax sources.
Zhang Xiao continued: "There is a section of dike in Sangyuanwei. Although it is only a few hundred meters, it is very important to Sangyuanwei."
"Chief, I wonder which section it is?" Zhang Jiayu was intrigued and asked.
"The Hengji of Jizan Village should have been built in the Yuan Dynasty." Zhang Xiao said: "This foundation is located at the foot of Xiqiao Mountain, and the Daluxia Jiji will cause the river to rush into the plain on the back of the mountain from here. After the Jizan Hengji was built, the Mulberry Garden Within the perimeter, water trucks can be used to drain the swamps to develop cultivated land and residential areas. Villages can be moved from the foothills to the lowland plains. Sluices can be set up around the embankments to control the inflow and outflow of tides. One-time rice can be transformed into double-cropping rice. However, By the Ming Dynasty, the river bed outside the outlet of Niuliu Port was highly stagnant. Whenever the floods surged, not only the accumulated water within the enclosure could not be discharged, but the floods from the Xijiang River would flow back in, flooding the houses and rice fields, and the damage would become increasingly severe. Ming Hongwu 29 In 1999, Jiujiang's Chen Bowen, Guan, Cen and other surnames built a blockade in the Niuliu Port and used boats to sink stones into the river to block the water mouth of the Niuliu Port. In addition to this, the four counties of Nanhai, Xinhui, Sanshui and Shunde have jurisdiction over several districts. Ten miles of dikes and dikes blocked the backflow of the tide."
Zhao Hening, who was looking around on the big boat before, was also attracted by the discussion of Zhang Xiao and others, and asked: "Chief, since the mulberry garden fence has such a huge effect and blocks the tide, why do I see that there are ponds everywhere but no rice fields?" Woolen cloth?"
Zhang Xiao said with a smile: "Little girl, everything is a unity of opposites. Whenever there is an advantage, there is also a disadvantage. It is nothing more than choosing the lesser of two evils. After the mulberry garden was surrounded, although it blocked the intrusion of the tide, it caused Sangyuan is facing a flood prevention situation. In order to prevent floods, villagers in Jiujiang, Longshan, Longjiang and other places dug low-lying fields that were easily flooded into ponds. The ponds have the functions of water storage and fish farming. Digging deep The pond stores water, and the excavated soil is piled around the pond. The field beside the pond is called the base, which is also the variation of the 'base' surrounding the embankment."
Zhao Hening looked at Zhang Xiao with a look of reverence and said, "I didn't expect 'Jitang' to come from this way."
"Yes, Jitang first developed from Jiujiang, Longjiang, Longshan and other places with the lowest terrain. This was a major change in the farming system of Sangyuanwei in the early Ming Dynasty."
Li Yao'er saw the scenery along the way and felt that everything must be done at the right time, right place, right place and right people. There are tens of thousands of acres of fish ponds here. Why did he have to go to Xiangshan to dig again? The strange thing is that bandits were rampant in the countryside before, so I never found a chance to investigate, so I went directly to the place where there is textile handicraft industry in Xiangshan.
What Zhang Xiao and his party saw along the way were that there were still many rice fields distributed in higher-lying areas, but the food produced in the Sangyuan area was no longer self-sufficient as early as the Wanli period. The closer you get to the low-lying areas of Jiujiang Lianglong, the more foundation ponds are spread out like a checkerboard. There are shrub-like plants planted on the pond base, which have been cut off from the roots and have just sprouted new branches and buds. There are also quite a few pond bases planted with longan, lychee, citrus and other fruit trees.
"Chief, they say Jiujiang is the birthplace of mulberry fish ponds. Why are there no mulberry trees?" Zhao Hening was born in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The mulberry trees he saw were mainly Jing mulberry and Lu mulberry. He had never seen one while driving along the Jiujiang River. She was familiar with the mulberry tree and couldn't help but ask Li Yaoer. Jing mulberry and Lu mulberry are both general names for a type of mulberry tree, which is a deciduous tree. There are many mulberry trees in Jing mulberry, with small leaves and serrated edges. There are very few mulberry trees, with thick branches and large and thick leaves.
Li Yaoer was not surprised either. Zhao Hening had lived a normal life since he returned to Lingao from Hangzhou. The agricultural knowledge he received from Class 1 was a little less than the children trained by the Agricultural Committee, so he pointed to the pond foundation. Those newly sprouted branches said: "Isn't that right? The mulberry tree species here are very different from those in the north. They are called Guangdong mulberry, which is a shrub."
"Oh, that's it." Zhao Hening scratched his head in embarrassment, a blush appearing on his delicate face.
Zhang Xiao couldn't help but laugh, "Hey, why is He Ning not working hard and not distinguishing the grains?"
"Teacher Zhang, you're laughing at me too! I'm better at raising silkworms than you! Humph!" Zhao Hening said pretending to be angry, holding his hands together in front of his chest.
Zhang Jiayu has been following Zhang Xiao for a while. He has met many "chiefs" and found that Australians do not seem to have such a strict sense of hierarchy towards subordinates, but he was still surprised by Zhao Hening's behavior. Zhao Hening was said to be the "adopted daughter" of Chief Zhao. From the perspective of Ming Dynasty people, the so-called adopted son and adopted daughter was just a way to circumvent the court's prohibition on ordinary families keeping slaves. However, Zhao Hening looked like a unruly princess. A little bit of slave consciousness. While Zhang Jiayu was thinking, he kept staring at her unconsciously.
Zhao Hening naturally didn't know. He only felt that there was a pair of eyes behind her that seemed to be staring at her joke. He turned around and was about to teach her a lesson, but his eyes met with Zhang Jiayu's. Being spotted by such a handsome young man, Zhao Hening's heartbeat suddenly accelerated and his face turned red. In order to cover up his embarrassment, he could only say coquettishly: "Humph, you are all bullying me! Ignore you!" After saying that, he ran to the stern of the boat to watch the water splashed by the propeller.
At the moment when they looked at each other, Zhang Jiayu was aroused by the clear eyes. Then she realized that she had lost her composure. She wanted to follow up and apologize, but she also felt that men and women were not close to each other, and her legs were like big trees with roots. As if he couldn't move even half a step, he was stuck in a dilemma, and said in his heart: "Don't look at anything inappropriate, don't look at anything inappropriate, Zhang Jiayu, you are really a beast!"
Zhang Xiao and Li Yaoer looked at each other and smiled, shaking their heads and shrugging.
"Where is that place?" Zhang Xiao suddenly asked Huang Xiyin, pointing in the distance where there seemed to be a large area of land planted with Guangdong mulberry trees.
"Going back to the chief, that's Datong over there. There's a market nearby called Datong Market, which is within the territory of Jiujiang Fort." Huang Xiyin replied.
"Lie to Kangxi"
In this way, unknowingly, the fleet slowly approached the Jiujiang Market. Along the way, no one dared to attack the two black-smoking steamships. The bayonet reminded the traveling merchants and shipowners that they were a group of Australians.
"It's so lively here!" This was the first time Zhang Xiao saw such a bustling countryside scene. Compared with Lingao at the beginning of D-Day, the scene in this rural area was as different as clouds and mud.
According to historical records, from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there were two markets and fifteen markets in the Sangyuanwei area. Almost every fort had a market, with a flat distribution. The market is rich in commodities, mainly rice agricultural products. Thanks to the monopoly trade of fish and flowers and the development of the silk weaving industry, Jiujiang Township has formed a high-density market distribution that is different from other regions.
Due to the needs of agricultural production, most of the several intermediate markets in the area are located at the intersection of water networks, becoming a transfer station for the entire Sangyuanwei to communicate with the outside world. However, there is not much complementarity between the intermediate markets, and each is relatively independent. Covering its surrounding grassroots markets only needs to meet the market demand of a larger area.
Before the Jiajing period, common people were prohibited from setting up family temples to worship their ancestors. Only officials and officials were allowed to build family temples to worship their ancestors. After the Jiajing period, the emperor allowed people to build ancestral temples to worship their ancestors. Since then, family temples and ancestral halls have appeared in the Pearl River Delta. As the saying goes: "Shunde ancestral hall and Nanhai Temple (family temple)." The construction of the market is dominated by clans, so it forms a system of ancestral halls and temples. As the center, the shops are arranged around the ancestral hall. In the late Ming Dynasty, the market boundary within Sangyuanwei was closed, and gate posts were set up at the entrances and exits. Many entrances and exits led to neighboring villages or rivers.
In the first year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, the people of Jiujiang Township took advantage of water transportation to build the Tianfei Temple Market and Kaibian Market along Shimayong and Caspian Sea (Jiujiang River). At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the three ruins of Lihai, Liangcun and Yuewan were formed, with more than a hundred ruins and pavilions built for commercial activities. Huang Chong, the Shaoqing of Taichang Temple, Chen Wanyan, the censor, Huang Yingxiu, Zhu Rang, Guan Jiyi, the prefects, etc. The squires of all generations participated in the construction of the market. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the three markets were collectively known as the Jiujiang Market. During the Republic of China, it was a separate city with eight other regions including Foshan and Jiangmen. It was known as "Little Guangzhou", which shows its prosperity.
The development of Jiujiang Dashu is similar to that of Foshan. They both gradually prospered due to the development of local handicrafts, and were not towns established by the government. Jiujiang Daxu Zhi Street is built along both sides of the Jiujiang River. Shops are built on both sides of the river. The shops on both sides of the street are called "Gashang Houses". The rest of the streets and alleys are distributed along the river in a "non" shape. There are rice shops, banks, silk and satin cloth shops. Everything is available, but because the streets are narrow, only more than two meters wide, every Wednesday, Saturday, and Ninth Market Day, there are really huge crowds of people, and the water can't flow through. From morning to night on the market day, there are crowds of people and it is a lively scene.
After taking office, Zhang Xiao studied the policies of the Ming Dynasty and the Senate on rural trade. Since ancient times, imperial power has not been sent to the countryside. The Ming Dynasty court basically kept this kind of rural market in a free-range state. It neither encouraged trade nor interfered with it. If trade The scale is small, and there are basically no officials to collect taxes. These small rural trades will not be directly affected by the imperial court's commercial tax policy. However, the county level is not completely ignored. Since the Yuan Dynasty, there has been an inspection department under the county-level yamen. Inspection departments are set up in key places in towns, cities and passes, under the jurisdiction of the county magistrate. Inspection inspections are usually of the Zhengjiu rank. The inspection department is not a purely civilian function. Although the purpose of setting up the inspection department is mainly for public security and focuses on military functions. , but after a long time, it gradually became divided into civil and military inspections, with the functions of county dispatched agencies.
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