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Chapter 125 Acids and Bases 1
After a second thought, he understood: "You need to use radiation for disinfection."
"Both alcohol disinfection and moist heat methods have disadvantages. It would be better if they could be sterilized by radiation."
"This won't work. I can't make the decision, and the Planning Commission will definitely not agree. The optical machine still has radiation shielding problems, so forget it." Shi Niaoren said, "If you really need it, just transport it to the hospital for radiation." room to do it.”
Ji Sixui looked at the chemical industrial zone that was beginning to take shape in front of him, with towers and pipelines crisscrossing it, and he felt a great sense of satisfaction for a moment. The most critical facility for this traversal group has finally taken shape. Although the chemical industrial zone in Bopu has been under construction since the mass production of soil, cement and bricks began, due to the lack of various manpower and material resources, the entire project has been maintained at a slow pace. During the period, it encountered The countless equipment installation problems really drove the person in charge of the chemical industry crazy - he had worked in a chemical plant, but there is a big difference between working in a chemical plant and installing a chemical plant.
Looking at the various towers that were finally erected in front of me: comprehensive tower, ammonia evaporation tower, ethanol distillation tower, ammonia washing tower, absorption tower, decarbonization tower, benzene removal tower, distillation tower, synthetic ammonia carbonization comprehensive tower, synthetic ammonia The saturated hot water tower, shift gas desulfurization tower, and saturated hot water tower, all large and small towers and the pipes connecting them, add up to more than 300 tons. Just unload them, transport them here, and install them one by one. It can be called a miracle - it took countless manpower, racked one's brains, and cost several lives and several injuries. In the end, even the Egyptian artificial pyramids restored in the documentary and the various methods used by the Celtics to build the Giant Array were all destroyed. Used it. Fortunately, there are many capable people in various fields who have experience in chemical plant construction and construction, otherwise he would definitely go crazy if he had to rely on himself.
Of course, this set of equipment is nothing in the 21st century: 800 tons of synthetic ammonia and combined alkali production system and a coal coking chemical system. When customizing and purchasing the equipment, the manufacturers found it strange. In terms of output, the current small chemical plant in the county town is They all produce more. Their power lies in their strong joint product manufacturing capabilities. The simplest example: In addition to producing ammonia and then nitric acid, the synthetic ammonia industry can also use ammonia as a raw material to react with salt to produce soda ash, as well as many by-products. It can be said that with the ammonia synthesis industry, time travelers have permanently occupied the top level of the food chain in this time and space. No one can stand up to the ruling group that controls high explosives and high-efficiency fertilizers.
Ji Sixui's heart was filled with excitement when he saw it, and finally he sighed: There's a shortage of coal.
Coal is not only the raw material for production of these two systems, but also necessary for supporting facilities. The large amounts of steam, hot water, and electricity required for production are all provided by coal. It seems unreliable that the large boiler of the Bopu Thermal Power Plant under construction will continue to use firewood to burn steam like a pot machine.
The curse of lack of coal has been lingering on his head. Once operational, the entire chemical industry zone will require far more coal than can currently be shipped from Guangdong. And these coals have to bear the growing appetite of steel plants, cement plants and an increasing number of boilers - huge productivity is limited by transportation bottlenecks.
Once chemical industry enterprises start production, they generally do not stop operations unless there are special circumstances such as maintenance. With the current coal shortage situation, once it starts running, it will be embarrassing to wait for the rice to be cooked without raw materials.
The rumbling sounds of machinery from the shipyard not far away and the constant loud rolling sounds of steel from the steel plant soothed his uneasiness a little. An epoch-making ship was being built. This was the first ship designed and manufactured by Chuang Chuangzhong. A wooden hull ship with iron ribs - the complexity of the process of building a sailboat with an all-timber structure made people in the mechanical department lose confidence. The shortage of large-scale timber used to make keels and ribs; the cumbersome processing of wood; Heavy, weak in strength, payload ratio too low. This made Wen Desi determined to try to build a hybrid large-scale iron-ribbed wooden hull ship earlier than planned to carry the urgently needed bulk cargo.
The ship began laying the keel after the expedition team returned from the island's voyage. In order to meet the demand for ship material production, the steel plant was manufacturing and installing a steam forging hammer. This is the largest industrial equipment ever built by the Cross Group. All the elite soldiers and generals of the Works Energy Commission sleep in the factory and work 24 hours a day.
The ship is expected to have a payload of 1,200 tons, far exceeding all current ships. Its huge hull and powerful hybrid power allow it to escape most maritime threats.
But the demand for three acids and two alkalis is already very urgent, and we can’t wait for the large quantities of coal to arrive. The finished products brought from another time and space are about to be used up, and the small amount of sulfuric acid distilled from raw materials such as soap alum is too little - it can't even be filled between the teeth. There were more and more places where sulfuric acid and caustic soda were needed, so Ji Situi had no choice but to settle for the next best thing and decided to build two sets of simple chemical equipment before the coal supply was unstable. Fortunately, neither process required raw materials. Using coal, the equipment requirements are also easier.
One set is for producing caustic soda through home-made electrolysis of table salt, and the other is for producing sulfuric acid through pyrite contact method. These are backward processes that should be eliminated, resulting in huge waste and serious pollution. Fortunately, the level of construction requirements is extremely low, and reckless and brutal production can also be done. This small factory can also be used as a supplement after the United Chemical Plant is put into operation in the future. Moreover, the expedition fleet transported almost 20 tons of pyrite back from Wanning. Making enough sulfuric acid will last for quite some time.
The contact-method sulfuric acid plant manufactured by Ji Situi is located downwind at the edge of the industrial zone, far away from residential areas and farmland. The complete set of design drawings and construction techniques were obtained from the Grand Library. The horror of its simplicity and disregard for safety made Ji Sixui take a breath of cold air - he only knew that there were local methods of making sulfuric acid in the world, but he didn't expect that it could be done in such a terrifying place. No wonder the teeth of the Eighth Route Army military and industrial soldiers back then were damaged by acid.
The overall construction is not difficult, it can even be said to be simple. The acid tower is made from a large glazed ceramic water jar. The instructions in the book say to use a ceramic jar. Travelers are now able to manufacture this thing in batches. Because it is versatile and corrosion-resistant, it is ordered in large quantities. Xiao Bailang has accumulated enough experience from countless failures. He is not only proficient in making water tanks but also very efficient - he uses a mechanized demoulding method to make the tank blanks, and his firing level also impresses the local workers. Don't give up - the time traveler has industrial thermometers and combustion control methods. As long as the temperature at each stage of production is understood, the temperature rise and fall of the kiln can be accurately controlled. This quantitative ability is far more accurate than workers’ personal feelings of seeing with their eyes and feeling the temperature of their skin.
However, Ji Sidui didn't plan to order a water tank. The water tank was a helpless substitute. Since it is necessary to substitute, it is better to substitute with a higher technical content. Why bother to knock off the bottom of the water tank and find something to seal the interface between the tank and the tank to prevent the acid mist from leaking? Since he didn't have any particularly useful acid-resistant sealing materials, the local method of sealing would definitely work. Something leaked out - he wanted to continue eating with his own teeth for the rest of his life. So what he asked Xiao Bailang to make was a complete ceramic reaction cylinder with a diameter of 700 meters and a height of 365 meters. This almost drove Xiao Bailang crazy - it was too difficult. Very large ceramic items are difficult to fire.
After Xiao Bailang and others struggled for several days, they finally came up with a compromise product. The entire reaction cylinder was composed of two parts. However, in order to enhance the sealing, the connecting part was sleeved, and the sealing effect was pretty good. . It would be fine to use some acid-resistant material to seal it and make a big change.
Then he ordered a batch of cast iron pipes from the metallurgical department. The lump ore furnace for burning pyrite is built with refractory bricks. There are four combustion furnaces inside, each with a hearth of 0.3 square meters. The grate bars and doors are made of cast iron to seal easily and prevent leakage. A cyclone dust collector is built with refractory materials above the furnace. In order to meet the needs of combustion and dust removal of the entire furnace, Ji Situi bought a 2-horsepower small blower. This amount of electricity is not a problem in the Bopu Industrial Zone.
The pyrite is first crushed into fine particles in a special ore crusher, and then put into a lump ore furnace for roasting. The outgoing furnace gas passes through the refractory brick cyclone dust collector and then enters the first converter. The gas in the first converter is cooled by the cast iron pipe and then sent to the second converter to continue the reaction.
The original plan for the first converter and the second converter was to use water cylinders, but Ji Situi decided to use iron sheet oil drums instead. Both the converter and the dust collector needed to be insulated. Ji Situi had no ready-made insulation materials available, so he built an outer frame with bricks around the three objects, and then filled the surrounding gaps with plant ash. Iron catalysts are placed in each of these two converters for catalysis.
After the gas comes out of the converter, it is cooled through cast iron pipes and then sent to the absorption tower with a hand pump to extract acid. After cooling and recovery, the finished acid is obtained. Concentration 98.
The acid tower is Xiao Bailang's three-stage combined ceramic cylinder. Xiao Bailang has a good grasp of the tolerances, and it is easy to assemble it in place after lifting it. The inside of the acid tower is filled with broken earthenware pieces stacked on top of each other. The external sealing material is made of water glass mixed with porcelain powder - for this purpose many porcelains were smashed and ground into powder. Fortunately, there is only one place that needs to be sealed, so just pile more. A characteristic of this material is that it hardens and increases in strength when exposed to acid. A relatively easy-to-use acid-resistant sealing material.
The coastal winds here in Lingao are strong, and there are one or two typhoons every year. The entire acid tower is fixed on all sides with brick pillars.
After the core equipment is completed, other water cooling and recovery devices can be easily completed. Most of the transmission pipelines use ceramic pipes, and some use cast iron pipes. Only the valves last Jisitui did not make simple changes, but used real valves specially designed for the chemical industry. He inspected every seal personally. After the inspection was correct, Ji Sidui ordered preparations to be started for production.
Ji Sixui selected several cautious people from among the laborers to serve as operators. First, I took a three-day production safety class. However, in the first few days of production, Ji Situi decided to just take the time travelers and do it by himself, while the indigenous operators watched and learned - he was not worried about these farmers who had only put down their hoes for a few days. If there was a serious casualty accident, the chemical The tragedy of burns will cast a huge shadow on future workers.
For this era-changing industrial development, Ji Sixui led a group of chemical enthusiasts and his workers to work for a whole day. A large amount of dry firewood was collected and a lot of coal was allocated from the Planning Commission. The quality of the Wanning pyrite unloaded from the ship is quite good. After testing, the average sulfur content is above 50. These ores are first sent to a concentrator to be beneficiated and then crushed into small pieces. Loaders use human booms to move baskets of ore onto a long line of flatbed cars on tracks. Then two workers climbed onto the diesel tractor in front. The driver paid attention to a tall tower a few hundred meters away. When the red flag turned into a yellow flag, a worker started the diesel engine. When the green flag came up, the whole train started moving, slowly heading towards the sulfuric acid plant.
While Ji Situi organized manpower to build the sulfuric acid plant, the rail transportation built under the leadership of Lingao Construction Company soon extended here. Now, the various factories, warehouses and docks in the two industrial zones of Bairen and Bobu have been connected by rails - flatbed trucks, driven by diesel-powered tractors, are fully loaded with various raw materials. Running around with the finished product, a muffled trumpet sound was made from time to time.
After the last train of pyrite ore arrived, several hills had been piled up after Ji Si retreated. Firewood, coal, pyrite and lots of lime.
He asked the indigenous workers to light firewood at the ash outlets of the four furnaces of the lump ore furnace and start the furnace heating process. The whole process lasted almost 48 hours, so Ji Situi took the time to go to Xiao Bailang's place - this The first time he ordered a sulfuric acid tank.
"The jars have been made." Xiao Bailang pointed at a row of jars on the open space. These jars are all hung with pea green glaze, have ears on both sides, and are similar in shape to small wine jars, but the jar body is very straight. .
"According to your request, each has a capacity of 25 liters. It also has threads and a screw-threaded lid. It's really rare." Xiao Bailang smacked his lips, "Ceramic jars have threaded lids."
"This is a tank containing concentrated sulfuric acid. It won't work unless it is sealed tightly."
These pottery jars specially used for storing concentrated sulfuric acid can be tightened with threaded lids - in fact, this alone cannot guarantee sealing. According to the traditional method, asbestos rope is dipped in water glass and wrapped around the mouth of the jar and then tightened with the lid. , but the time traveler has not much asbestos rope, not even water glass. Water glass can still be manufactured in the future, but asbestos may not be produced without trade. Fortunately, nature has another natural corrosion-resistant material: raw lacquer. ,.
