Early the next morning, Ge Xinxin came to the laboratory. [Read the latest chapter] She took off the dried glass plate and brought it back to the office, comparing it with the photos stored in the back one by one.
"This one, um, is too dark. Oh, it's really inverse and looks really troublesome. Forget it, let's deal with it."
She took out her Mabsp;Pro, inverted the color of the photo in the memory card in Photoshop, and then compared the dark and bright details with the original. After repeated comparisons, it was found that the exposure of the negative plate obtained by the 1/25 shutter speed was closest to the exposure obtained by the digital negative film of 1/100 shutter speed, and the exposure of the negative plate obtained by the 1/12 shutter speed was closest to the 1/50 digital negative film.
"Very good, 12, that's it for this batch." Recording the number in the small book at hand, Ge Xinxin closed the computer and locked it.
Ge Xinxin has been busy outside for several days. I specifically visited the Machinery Factory directly under the industrial port several times. Although there was approval from the Planning Institute, the hydrogen-oxygen welding machine she applied for was not immediately available - from the successful trial production to now, only a few units have been manufactured, and the industrial department itself was arguing over how to distribute it, and wanted to get one immediately. It is obviously impossible to give it to the laboratory. The machine factory's answer to her was to queue up to get her number.
"What number do I have to wait in line for?"
"Number 13." Zhan Wuya, who was covered in oil and stains, picked up one of the piles of wooden folders scattered on the table and looked at it.
"That's so unlucky." Ge Xinxin said, "Can you make it one day earlier?"
"Then let's take the 14th." Zhan Wuya smiled slightly, "The 14th is also unlucky. If it's auspicious, come on the 16th. The 18th will also work."
"No, no, I'll stick to number 13." Ge Xinxin smiled a little regretfully. "How many days will it take?"
Zhan Wuya looked at the "Production Plan Summary" on the wall and said, "Let's be optimistic about another six months."
"Six months!"
"Almost six months." Zhan Wuya said, "This thing requires direct current. We can't make a qualified transformer at the moment, so we can only install a generator for every place where a hydrogen-oxygen welding machine is going to be used. machine……"
"Okay, but you have to deliver it to my door."
"Of course, I don't dare to let you use it directly, otherwise it will burn down the laboratory. You have to come to me for two seasons. Delivery and installation are included..." Zhan Wuya casually wrote a numbering list and stuffed it into Asked Ge Xinxin, "I will send someone to install it when it is ready. Do you know how to use this thing?"
"will use--"
"I dare say that you won't be able to use it when we build it - the overcoming difficulty version. Never use the standards of the old time and space to treat the equipment of this time and space. Safety first." Zhan Wuya felt a little worried.
Ge Xinxin returned home defeated. However, experiments wait for no one. Since the oxyhydrogen welding machine will not be able to solve the problem for a while, the oxyhydrogen flame will be useless. I had to settle for the next best thing and use the Bunsen burner first. Anyway, this was what Bunsen used when he first observed the spectrum.
Ge Xinxin spent a long time to get the project. I just want to develop aes: atomic emission spectroscopy at the industrial level that the Senate is currently and will be able to achieve.
The so-called atomic emission spectrum is to use the atomic or ion emission characteristic spectrum of each element under thermal or electrical excitation to determine the composition of the substance and conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements. It can analyze about 70 metallic and non-metallic elements. This method can be effectively used to measure elements in high, medium and low concentrations. It is of extremely important significance to metallurgy, chemical industry and materials science. It can be said that once this technology is mastered, there will be a qualitative leap for the Lingao industrial system.
The purpose of establishing various heavy industry central laboratories is to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis services for raw materials, melt samples and finished products in the metallurgy, cement, chemical and other industries in the Lingao heavy industry system. The means mainly use chemical and physical analysis.
The analysis results that such analysis methods can provide are also relatively simple. Ge Xinxin’s intention is to conduct micro and semi-micro quantitative analysis in batches through this project. Whether it is optical glass materials or metallurgy, there is no need to rely on constant analysis to detect a certain component but to directly measure the component. It plays a vital role in some of the most critical industries in the current Senate industrial system that need breakthroughs: alloy materials, special steel, and optical glass.
Currently, the Ministry of Science and Technology has a batch of CCD spectrometers, including small equipment such as fiber optic spectrometers produced by Ocean Optics. Some are not much bigger than a mobile phone and come with specialized suites for rock ore and metallurgical analysis.
Although the performance of these professional equipment brought on D-Day can be called "artifacts". But Ge Xinxin decided to rebuild this system entirely by her own means, otherwise once the equipment is damaged, this link may be "lost" for a long time. This would be a huge loss to the Senate's industrial system, which needed to make up for many links, and the amount of equipment it brought was limited. The Senate's industrial scale was constantly expanding, and it was impossible to equip these rare and valuable equipment everywhere.
Two days later, two soldiers from the security battalion sent her a small wooden box marked "Confidential, personally sealed." She opened the box and inside was a Bunsen burner
Bunsen burners use gas fuel that is already very mature in the Lingao industrial system. The Central Laboratory of Heavy Industry is specially equipped with a gas station, which supplies gas to the entire experimental building through pipelines, which is very convenient to use.
Bunsen burners are not difficult to make, so machinery factories have long produced this kind of heating tool that can produce high temperatures and is commonly used in laboratories. In addition to the appearance, the products manufactured by Lingao are similar to the general Bunsen burners used in laboratories. The lights make no difference. It can reach the high temperature of 900C in the outer flame.
However, the ready-made Bunsen burner cannot be used directly. When Bunsen originally tested the spectrum, he mainly used metal salt compounds. He dipped a platinum wire into it and burned it directly with a flame for observation. This method is relatively primitive, and Ge Xinxin wants to use the atomization method - such observation results are more accurate.
The atomization method is to connect the sample solution digested with nitric acid or aqua regia to the hydrogen-oxygen flame nozzle through a thin tube, and use the negative pressure of the air flow to inhale and atomize it. The atomized sample is stimulated to emit light in the flame. Now that she doesn't have a hydrogen-oxygen welding machine, she first modified a Bunsen burner as a substitute. The Bunsen burner in a wooden box was sent to the machinery factory a few days ago for modification: a thin tube was connected to the nozzle. , used to draw sample solution into the nozzle.
Ge Xinxin carefully took out some equipment from the laboratory's vault. These are controlled materials obtained from the Planning Institute's warehouse. She put on pure cotton knitted gloves and carefully installed the equipment on the equipment rack that she had ordered from the machinery factory a few days ago.
There is a convex lens and two boxes of gratings: one box of diffraction gratings and one box of reflection gratings. This fragile item cannot be made by Lingao for a long time and must be used with care.
However, as long as it is carefully maintained and used carefully, it will not be a problem for decades.
The detection light path she designed is Bunsen burner - convex lens - slit - grating - slit - cassette - plate.
Before that, she had done a series of preparatory work. First, she took the recrystallized and purified sodium ferrocyanide and sodium chloride, and crushed the complete and flawless crystals to prepare a solution with a concentration of 0.1m-10^-8m. solution.
The so-called sodium ferrocyanide is sodium ferrocyanide, also known as yellow sodium salt and yellow sodium. It is a light yellow crystal. She was going to use this as a basic reagent. This compound was chosen because it is currently available in bulk from the Senate Chemical Industry. It is produced by heating the waste oxides obtained from the gas plant with lime to produce a calcium ferrocyanide solution, adding boiled salt solution, heating it with a sodium carbonate solution, and concentrating and crystallizing it.
After lighting the Bunsen burner, extend the thin tube attached to the lamp into pure water. The pure water used in the laboratory is laboratory secondary water prepared by multiple distillations using quartz vessels in the reagent room. You can make do with it.
Ge Xinxin then opened the 1st, 4th, and 7th slits and exposed them for 10 minutes to capture the spectrum of the blank solution.
Then she changed the solution to 0.1 mol/l sodium ferrocyanide, opened the 2nd, 5th, and 8th slits, and exposed for 5 minutes to capture the spectrum excited by the sodium ferrocyanide solution. Change to pure water and rinse the straw with pure water for 2 minutes.
Then change the solution to 0.1mol/l sodium chloride, open the 3rd, 6th, and 9th slits, and expose for 5 minutes to capture the sodium chloride spectrum. Change to pure water and rinse the straw with pure water for 2 minutes.
Shake the plate upward 2cm and take a spectrum of 10^-2mol/l sodium chloride. In the same way, 10^-8mol/l and an unknown concentration (~10^-3mol/l) of nacl are taken.
After the filming was completed, Ge Xinxin packed up the experimental equipment - she did not dare to leave things like gratings to the trainee experimenters to play with. She removed the film box, closed the curtains, lit the red paper flashlight, took out the developing equipment, developer and fixer prepared a few days ago to develop and fix the glass bottom plate.
After obtaining the raster photo, it is projected on an enlarger and overlapped with the standard ferrogram printed in advance.
By comparing the na spectrum and the standard iron spectrum, each wavelength of the standard iron spectrum is located. And subtract the corresponding background of pure water and sodium chloride. Then search the relevant tables and compare the gray scale of the seventh to ninth levels of NAA spectral lines at each concentration to obtain the linear range of the glass plate. and estimate the concentration of a solution of unknown concentration.
Use agno3 to titrate cl-, determine nacl concentration, and compare with semi-quantitative estimation by aes. You can use it if you find that there is not much difference.
After completing the entire set of experiments, Ge Xinxin was quite satisfied with the results. Next, she plans to use a CCD spectrometer to compare and calibrate today's experimental results. However, generally speaking, the development of spectrophotometric atomic emission spectroscopy can be considered successful. This 17th century black technology is half the battle. (To be continued...)
