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As abrasives, Lingao has quartz sand produced by Changhua and local diatomaceous earth. The latter's sieved and classified diatomite is currently used as abrasives for flat glass, but Lin Hanlong decided to use garnet abrasives. Because in this time and space, garnet abrasive is a commonly used abrasive for optical lenses.
Lin Hanlong asked his apprentice to sift the ground powder through a coarse sieve first, and then gradually use finer and finer sieves to sieve the abrasives. Most of the industrial sieves used were brought from the old time and space. This time and space cannot yet produce high-mesh sieves. of industrial screens. The finally separated garnet powder becomes abrasive graded according to particle size.
At the same time, Lin Hanlong started making special machinery for optical processing. He first used a pack of five Nanhai cigars = the price of the Chuqing limited edition and asked Sun Li, a colleague in the machine shop, to work overtime to make a steel goblet. The term is called a spherical grinding disc. Its inner wall is a very precisely turned ball. type, its radius is calculated in advance. The steel goblet is a key component of the spherical grinding machine and requires high processing precision, so he did not dare to leave it to naturalized migrant workers to make it. He specially invited veteran technicians to make it. At present, there is no one with a higher level than the veteran. Mechanical technician.
The spherical grinding disc should rotate on a plane. The technical content of the transmission system is not high, just make a mechanism like a bicycle and drive it through gears by pedaling. If you are a bit extravagant, you can also use the power shaft transmission. However, the power to install and use the power axis must be applied in advance. Lin Hanlong was too lazy to file a report and apply, so he simply went directly to the human power system, which didn't require much power anyway.
Chuanchuanzhong is now very proficient in making this kind of human-driven things, and there are ready-made equipment in the workshop. The spherical grinder also places the workpiece on a swing arm, allowing the workpiece to rotate while swinging back and forth in the grinding disc. This one also has a ready-made design. The mechanism is a little more complicated, and the power is changed from a motor to a hand crank. It can be used with a makeshift, but the speed is not uniform enough.
Lin Hanlong spent three weeks assembling the components of the spherical grinder. Most of the components are hardwood, with a few steel components. Grinding glass by hand does not require much strength, and the strength of the wooden structure is sufficient.
After working on the machining machinery... we also need a way to secure the glass accurately. For this purpose, Lin Hanlong spent another three days processing a series of molds and fixtures by himself. After everything was ready, Lin Hanlong disassembled the glass cylinder into individual glass pieces, wiped off the excess adhesive with alcohol cotton, and then placed it on the iron plate to slowly heat it. When the glass is hot, take the prepared fire paint and put it on the glass. The fire paint slowly melts under the heat... forming a smooth surface on top of the glass. Lin Hanlong checked it and closed the stove door to let the iron plate cool down. After a while the paint cooled down and the shape was completely fixed. Lin Hanlong took out a hemispherical mold, with a flat surface already carved out of the top of the mold. Heat the mold slowly, then take a piece of glass and place the painted side on top of the mold. As soon as the fire paint melts, quickly water the mold to let the fire paint solidify immediately. This fixes the workpiece to the mold.
The next work is similar to ordinary machining. Fix the mold on the chuck of the swing arm, and then guide the swing arm into the grinding plate. The coarse abrasive mixed with water has been added. He and his apprentice started the machine, one riding a bicycle and the other hand cranking. After grinding for a while, I raised the swing arm to inspect the workpiece...to see the grinding effect and put it back again. After a while, the two people exchanged positions. After more than an hour of tossing, the originally flat glass had been ground into a spherical surface. Lin Hanlong measured it with a ruler for a long time and was convinced that the accuracy of the spherical surface was tolerable, so he took off the workpiece and announced that he was off work.
Another day later, Lin Hanlong painted the polished side of the workpiece and installed the mold, but this time he replaced it with a mold with a concave top. In half a night, the other side of the glass was polished.
This time Lin Hanlong's fiddling aroused everyone's interest, and several people stayed to watch the process of grinding the glass pieces. The next morning Zhong Lishi ran out of the laboratory where he had not been out for several weeks to find Lin Hanlong. He first looked at the ground blank, admired it, and then asked: "After this thing is made, shall the first sample be handed over to the general office for preservation? It is very commemorative. In the future, you will build an industrial exhibition hall. It’s the No. 1 collection of the Optical Museum.”
Lin Hanlong shook his head: "It doesn't matter whether you have a collection or not. I just plan to make a pair of reading glasses for people to try."
Is Zhong Lishi a bit old-fashioned? "
"A native. My apprentice's father. A very good craftsman... It's too old to do fine work... It's a pity."
"Then why don't you go to the trouble of applying for one from the Planning Institute? There are plenty of them in the warehouse." Dr. Zhong disagreed.
"How many can there be? Presbyopia is still very common among naturalized people and indigenous people...the demand is huge."
"Oh. These reading glasses can also be sold for money in the future." Dr. Zhong suddenly came up with a business idea. Although Dr. Zhong is rich in knowledge and has a five-car style, he knows very little about optics.
"Someone has to try it. If it's not done well, it's not anyone's fault if it makes people dizzy."
"Well. That's it. Can you make an extra piece for me, and I'll make a gift for you."
"Gift?" Lin Hanlong felt bored for a while. He hated this kind of formalism and said hesitantly, "Why do you want to give a gift out of season?"
Dr. Zhong smiled: "It's very useful."
"That's okay."
After the conversation, Lin Hanlong was officially assigned the task of trial-producing optical lenses, so he no longer had to do it himself during off-duty hours. This was obviously because Commissioner Zhong wanted him to come up with the product as a "gift" as soon as possible. Lin Hanlong and his apprentice continued to work overtime, and within two days all eight pieces of raw material were ground into blanks.
After coarse grinding, fine grinding is performed using finer abrasives. The original abrasive paste powder has been cleaned up by the apprentice, and new abrasives have been added. Lin Hanlong was even more careful. Each batch of abrasives was sifted repeatedly by his apprentice to ensure that there were no too coarse particles mixed in. After grinding for a while, he would stop working, take out the workpiece and put it on the ruler to measure it. Sometimes he would just do it directly, using rough felt dipped in abrasive to modify the uneven areas by hand.
It took a week to polish the eight blanks to the limit measured by the ruler. Dr. Zhong came to visit again, and this time he also brought Zhan Wuya. Zhan Wuya was full of praise for his product. Seeing how serious he was, he advised him: They are just reading glasses. In the old time and space, mass production can be directly cast, so why is it so precise? Lin Hanlong replied that it was to accumulate experience in making better optical instruments in the future. Zhan Wuya shook his head and said nothing more.
The finely ground workpiece only had one process left to polish, but Lin Hanlong was worried. The polishing powder commonly used in the optical industry is a metal oxide with very fine particles. The only metal material that Lingao can produce is iron. The metallurgical department says they can make iron oxide...but into powder they can't. The machinery factory has manufactured several billiard ball mills, which are used in cement, ceramics and other industries. But the sizes are relatively large. Lin Hanlong had to send the raw iron oxide to Xiao Bailang for grinding, but the iron oxide particles that came out were not very fine enough. In desperation, he had to use a coarse felt with a limited amount of iron oxide powder. polishing.
A few days later, Dr. Zhong came again. This time he saw several pieces of smooth glass on Lin Hanlong's workbench shining in the sun.
"Old Lin, did you do a good job?"
Lin Hanlong shook his head. "It's terrible," he said, taking out a box from the drawer: "Optical Inspection Tools" was printed on the lid. Opening the box... Lin Hanlong picked up a pair of clean cotton gloves and put them on. He took out another piece of flannel and placed it, placed a convex lens on the flannel, and then placed a piece of flat glass on the convex lens.
"Look, Lao Zhan, how good this interference ring is."
Zhong Lishi got closer and could vaguely see the shadows of layers of concentric rings on the plate glass in the sunlight. He knew that this was the interference phenomenon of light, but he had no idea how to judge whether it was good or bad.
"Look at what I did again." Dr. Zhong spent a lot of effort this time to see some messy shadows. "The overall deformation and distortion of the interference pattern shows that there are too many local deviations. It can be said that the proper rings do not exist. .”
"This is my first time doing it...it's inevitable to have no experience." Zhong Lishi said, picking up a piece of glass and focusing it in the sunlight.
"Look at how small the spot is. I think it's done well."
"The accuracy still needs to be improved."
"What level of accuracy do you plan to improve to?"
"According to optical industry standards, within a quarter of a bō length."
Zhong Lishi almost fell into the table game: "Are you mistaken? Light bōbō length is calculated in nanometers!"
"Yes. That's the standard."
"This is the 17th century! Can you please follow the standards of the 17th century? According to modern standards, what does everyone do? Is it a waste? It's not as good as a waste, right?"
Lin Hanlong was silent.
"Can this thing be used as a telescope? Can a standard telescope from the 17th century be used?"
"That's definitely a lot more than that."
"That's enough. I think you did a good job." Zhong Lizhi patted Lin Hanlong on the shoulder... "Let's wrap up these and present gifts to the Senate."
Lin Hanlong was appointed as chief engineer of optics on the same day, responsible for the research, development and manufacturing of various optical products. This title means that he has a formal scope of authority, rather than being an ordinary veteran engineering technician in the past. The establishment of the optical factory was also on the agenda of the executive committee. For Lin Hanlong, the biggest change at the moment was that there was an older skilled worker in the workshop. It was Cai Shengjie, the father of his apprentice Cai Junjie. This father and son It was he who got both of their names. Originally they were called Cai Da and Cai Sanshi respectively.
Lin Hanlong was embarrassed to let Cai Shengjie, who was much older than himself, call him master... so he just let him be a worker in the optical workshop. Cai Shengjie is a very skilled coppersmith - among traditional craftsmen, a coppersmith is roughly the role of a benchworker... he does hardware processing and repair work. Therefore, when the work of fitter was first introduced to China, it was called "foreign coppersmith".
Cai Shengjie lost his ability to work due to old eyesight and could only work as an ordinary laborer. Now with reading glasses made by Lin Hanlong... I can return to frontline work again.
Of course, being a skilled worker earns much more than an unskilled laborer, and his skills are highly appreciated by Lin Hanlong, so Cai Shengjie is very motivated to work. He worked with Lin Hanlong until late at night every day without taking it seriously. He went to the workshop to work again at around six o'clock the next morning.
Bairen Industrial Zone at around four o'clock in the afternoon. It was still early before the day shift workers got off work, so there were not many people on the street. After the Chengmai victory, the Fubo soldiers who were patrolling with guns and live ammunition have disappeared, leaving only the "worker picket team" carrying sticks on their backs, wearing work caps and "picket" armbands, walking past the workers' picket team in groups of five It is a security organization mainly composed of on-the-job worker militia, which patrols the industrial zone in shifts every morning and evening. Their authority is limited to patrols and inspections in industrial areas. With the booming development of industrial areas, theft cases in industrial areas have also begun to increase.
Although the laws in Lingao are very strict, anyone caught stealing even the smallest amount will be sent to a labor camp for six months. The most important thing is to send Sanya Mining. However, the large number of products and production raw materials in the industrial zone attracted a large number of people hoping to make a fortune: after the Qiongzhou Raiders ended, a large number of people from other counties began to flow into Lingao in search of more lucrative job opportunities, which of course included many A "loafer" who is not doing his job. This caught off guard the orderly society that was previously tightly controlled in Lingao, and security incidents increased significantly. For this reason... Ran Yao, while strengthening the police force, began to restore the day and night patrol system of workers' pickets adopted during the preparations for the war.
The three people turned around from the street corner and strode towards the gate of the factory area. The leader is Lin Hanlong. He was dressed as a Chinese migrant worker in the early 21st century, wearing a dark-colored sweatshirt and a bulging black canvas bag slung over his shoulder. It was also a cheap computer bag commonly seen on the streets in the early 21st century. Protect yourself from the sun with a wide-brimmed wicker hardhat. Two people in blue overalls, an old man and a young man, followed. Both of them were carrying yellow-green satchels that were old and new...the color was already mottled. The old one held a big oil-paper umbrella in his hand, and the younger one also held a bamboo tube.
After a while, the three of them had arrived at the south gate of the factory area. There was originally a gun tower guarding the place. When the situation was tense before the second counter-encirclement and suppression campaign, a second gate was built inside the main gate, which looked like a barbican. People who come to work enter the first gate like going through airport security. They line up along the railings and are searched one by one before they can be let in. There were soldiers with guns on top of the second gate, glaring at the crowd.
Now the second gate is still there, but the soldiers and body search procedures are gone. During rush hours, both doors are open, with only a few guards keeping an eye on the people entering and exiting. It's not off-duty time at this moment, and no one comes in or out at the gate. Lin Hanlong took out his pass... and the two followers behind him also took out their bamboo board workers' cards. The guards did not stop them, they just looked at the time and made a few entries in the entry and exit register.
A track system is laid in the industrial zone to transport workers, equipment and materials. The gas locomotive originally used has been officially replaced by a steam locomotive. The Meteor 2 whirred and pulled the gondola car... traveling on the track at a speed of 10 to 20 kilometers.
The steaming locomotive, the criss-crossing railway tracks, the iron-wood frame pedestrian bridge suspended over the road, and the people wearing blue work clothes on the road and on the carriages create a rough, but specific and subtle microcosm of industrialization. The whistles sounded one after another, and music was played continuously from the loudspeakers in the factory: "We Workers Have Power" and other pieces listed as "hymns" by the Ministry of Culture and Publicity. From time to time, a female announcer's high-pitched but non-standard Mandarin announcement will be heard from the loudspeaker. The content is nothing more than what new achievements a certain workshop has achieved today, which worker has exceeded the production quota... A chaotic but vibrant industrial sound.
Lin Hanlong stopped on platform No. 6 at the entrance of the factory... He looked at the stop sign out of habit: The Ministry of Science and Technology is the last stop...
The commuter train runs every fifteen minutes. In addition to pulling people in, it also loads cargo. The small gondola that carries passengers is very simple...just add guardrails around the gondola and install two rows of wooden benches with backrests. Sitting on it, you can fully enjoy the noise of the factory and the soot-smelling air.
Lin Hanlong, like many veterans who work in industrial areas, usually takes the small train in the factory area or simply walks or rides a bicycle. This is not to deliberately express "people-friendly", but is just a habit they brought from the old time and space.
After getting off the bus at the Ministry of Science and Technology Station, Lin Hanlong walked for almost ten minutes before arriving at a factory. A black-and-white sign at the door of the factory said "Optical Experimental Factory of the Ministry of Science and Technology." This is the location of the new optical industry approved by the Executive Committee, and the person in charge is Lin Hanlong. It is said to be an optical factory, but it is actually just a workshop.
The Ministry of Science and Technology originally had several vacant workshops. Lin Hanlong picked one with a suitable area and first asked a construction company to "decorate" the interior. In fact, it meant dividing the internal space and installing some special equipment. Then he installed the mechanical equipment manufactured for him by the machinery factory one by one.
It is small and large-scale.
There are not many people in the workshop. Light falls from rows of windows near the roof. It looks pretty bright. The workshop is very quiet; the optical factory is not officially in operation yet, and basically operates according to Lin Hanlong's schedule. Lin Hanlong attended several meetings of the Industrial Energy Commission this morning to discuss technical routes, and went to the machinery factory in the afternoon to help solve some problems. It didn't end until almost three o'clock. Then he turned his attention to work in the optical factory.
When he walked into the workshop, he noticed that the gas light valve was closed. Two days ago, a night shift worker in a workshop did not turn off the gas light valve when he got off work in the morning. The result became a typical example in the "Safety Bulletin". Safety education really needs to be carried out frequently. To be continued. ! .
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