The steel rolling mill has two cold-drawn steel pipe machines and two cold-rolled steel pipe machines for drawing seamless steel pipes - of course, even if there are not these machines brought from another time and space, considering the high industrial level, several self-made cold-rolled steel pipe machines There are not many problems with the steel pipe pulling machine. 【Read full text】
The steel rolling mill already has sufficient experience in manufacturing cold-drawn seamless steel pipes - so far, the barrels of all Lingao-produced guns are cold-drawn seamless pipes. With enough production experience, it can produce another specification. The steel pipe is no longer a problem.
The new boilers still use riveting technology, and all materials are made of low carbon steel. The equipment on the ship is no better than that of 6 places. Once something goes wrong, the consequences will be much more serious. There was no explosion in the early marine boilers that did not lead to a major accident. Safety is the first priority. one.
Sun Li and Zhou Bili had the previous experience of building Lancashire boilers, consulted a lot of information, compared the advantages and disadvantages of various boilers, and then assisted in computer design and selection, and finally designed and manufactured a "Zhurong Type 2" The overall structural strength of the fire tube boiler is far superior to their early imitation of the Lancashire boiler.
The resulting boiler easily reached the expected output pressure during pilot fire operation. Such a large output value was already twice that of the boiler used by the Great Eastern in the 1850s. The Great Eastern still uses an old-fashioned box boiler with an output pressure of less than 1.8kg/cm2. In order to provide power for the 48oo horsepower marine engine, six such large box boilers had to be used.
The only thing that worried Sun Li was that there was something wrong with the pressure gauge on the boiler. He was worried that one day the pressure indication would be wrong and cause a tragedy.
With such a high-pressure boiler, it can not only save cabin space, but also lay the foundation for the future development of three-expansion or even four-expansion steam engines.
According to the rated output power of the steam engine of 500 horsepower, only one such boiler can meet the needs of the steam engine. However, there are still many places where steam is used on the ship. The excess steam can be used for cooking and providing distilled water for the crew... It was finally decided to install two such boilers in the 854 modified hull.
The 854 modification engineering team still made a prudent decision to only use the relatively simple 5oo horsepower steam engine as power. Marine steam engines have special requirements for size and operation, so the various standard steam engines currently widely used by Lingao Industry cannot be directly shipped. A specialized marine steam engine had to be reinvented. Zhan Wuya's opinion is that this steam engine should be used as a standardized equipment. If there are no special requirements, it will be universally installed on all ships that require 5oo horsepower.
In the end, Sun Li, who was responsible for the development of the steam engine, and others decided to use the reciprocating inverted vertical steam engine that was widely used in the mid-to-late 19th century and had mature technology. It occupies the smallest area in the ship. If necessary, two machines can be installed in the ship for future use. Twin propellers lay the foundation. The steam engine manufactured by Sun Li was of the compound-expansion type, which was more efficient than in the past, and could be improved to three-expansion or four-expansion in the future. The manufacturing director decided to start with the compound expansion model and gradually improve it.
In addition to the 5oo-horsepower main engine, two existing 12-horsepower small steam engines will be installed to provide power for auxiliary operations, including raising and lowering sails, driving artillery operations, and retracting and retracting small boats.
After the power solution is solved, the biggest technical bottleneck of the 854 modification ship project will no longer exist. The last major technical problem was the paint used on the hull. Although the bottom of the ship is covered with copper and no longer requires special bottom paint, the entire hull also requires paint as a protective material.
There was no modern paint in this time and space, and various botanical substitutes such as raw lacquer, soybean oil, and ** oil were all in insufficient quantity. The final coating of the ship was asphalt paint extracted from coal tar. Asphalt paint has a strong anti-corrosion effect and was the most widely used marine coating in the European shipbuilding industry before the large-scale use of paint. The foul-smelling substance coated the hull of the ship, giving it an unsightly light black color. So much so that the first batch of modern ships that were about to become highly productive were called "black ships."
Of course, in order to actually build a ship and put it into operation, it is not just about building a hull and installing a motive. Every time the 854 modification project progresses, countless new problems will arise in the Manufacturing Directorate and the Planning Institute that need to be solved. Some require the planning institute to find new raw materials from various channels. Some require the industrial sector to manufacture new equipment. The more common problem is that they only have technical data but no professionals who really know the industry. Everything depends on the travelers themselves to explore, understand and experiment.
"...The construction of the 854 reconstruction project has effectively promoted the matching and systematization of the new industrial system, and enhanced the overall collaboration ability and awareness among industrial departments. The industrial department has built 2 new industrial departments for the project and 297 new equipment ( Sets, including 46 (sets) of large-scale equipment, 2,515 (sets) of manufacturing process equipment and molds, and 349o training technicians and workers..." (Excerpted from "Contemporary Industrial History - Shipbuilding Industry Volume", first edition, internal line, unpublished Not to be quoted without permission
This stumbling progress is full of adventure, waste, frustration, disappointment and surprise. So much so that Zhou Ke once made a gaffe while drunk and said: Judging from the various difficulties he experienced in undertaking the 854 reform project, the hasty launch of the 854 project was an unrealistic "Great Leap Forward".
Compared with the 854 modification project, the construction process of six sail-steam hybrid 500-ton ships is much simpler - basically the technical achievements and experience gained in the construction of the 854 modification project can be applied to these ships immediately Go under construction. Many accessories, tooling and equipment manufactured for the 854 modification can also be used directly on these ships.
According to the provisions of the "First Shipbuilding and Maintenance Registration", the construction of these ships is the 9o1 project. After some design discussions, the final 9o1 project plan was copied from the "9o-day gunboat" in the North during the American Civil War. The ship adi11a started construction in late spring, was launched in mid-August, and entered service at the end of September, hence the name "9o-day". The construction period of this kind of warship is very short, which is deeply appreciated by the people who are in urgent need of new ships.
The final construction indicators of the 9o1 project are a waterline length of 48 meters, a maximum draft of 2.9 meters, a displacement of 69o tons, a load capacity of 5o7 tons, and a two-masted barquentine sail. Install a 5oo horsepower steam engine with a single propeller. Another 12-horsepower auxiliary steam engine is installed. The maximum width is 1o knots. Crew of 114 people. The Admiralty classified it as a Class IV gunboat.
This kind of fourth-level gunboat is positioned to be more responsible for route escort and long-range patrol missions. Also performs cargo duties. Its coal bunker area can be adjusted, and the coal-carrying volume or cargo-carrying volume can be changed flexibly according to different tasks.
The 5oo-horsepower tugboat is named Project 621. The tugboat is not only used to tow barges. Since a large number of large-tonnage ships have been put into construction, the berthing and docking of these ships in and out of the port in the future cannot be solved by small-horsepower steam boats. High-power tugboats are necessary to assist large ships in docking and leaving the dock.
Project 621 uses twin paddle wheels for propulsion - paddle wheel propulsion has the advantage of shallow draft and is suitable for activities along the coast and in ports. If necessary, it can also enter larger inland rivers. Moreover, it is not afraid of the entanglement of fishing nets and aquatic plants that are common in coastal waters and inland rivers. The maneuverability of its double paddle wheels is also relatively good, which is in line with the two roles assigned to it by traversers.
While the shipbuilding project was in full swing, at the request of the Navy, the transformation of various steamboats originally equipped was also put on the agenda. They would be switched to ironwood bearings and newly manufactured cast iron propellers in batches. To improve the combat effectiveness of the boat. Once the transformation is completed, the Navy plans to transport some of the large armed steamboats to Hong Kong and other places for use in various short-distance maritime chores. Together with the Type 2 two-masted patrol boat, it serves as the main force of the Hong Kong and Pearl River Basin detachments.
A large number of shipbuilding and ship repair tasks continued to pour into the shipyard, which forced Zhou Ke to require a 12-hour double-shift working system in the shipyard. Originally they used an 8-hour three-shift working system, but the shortage of workers made it difficult for Zhou Ke to maintain such a labor system. Ask for extended working hours.
"Otherwise, there is no point in working three shifts. With the current scale of shipbuilding, I don't even have enough workers to maintain two shifts." Zhou Ke complained when meeting Wu De, "Not only must I approve my two-shift plan, but also We need to recruit workers—even workers with little training. At least they can work as laborers."
Wu De said: "If you let workers work for 12 hours continuously, can you ensure that there will be no problems for the workers in the long run? If a few skilled workers die due to work-related injuries, the losses will be huge."
"It is said that workers generally worked 12-14 hours in the 19th century. I don't think our 12-hour working system will have a big impact if we maintain it for a few months. Food should be strengthened. I would like to apply for more food subsidies for workers - especially There are free protein rations and candies. In addition, you can also take energy supplements.”
Wu De agreed to his request, and then ordered that the labor force that had recently completed "training" from the quarantine camp should be prioritized by the shipyard. Most of the weekly "learn to work" activities in Fangcaodi have been changed to "learn to work" in shipyards and other industrial sectors related to shipbuilding. Although these students may not necessarily understand technology, they can at least write and do math—the simplest skills that are rare among the workers in Lingao. v! ~!
