Two Hundred and One Technical Issues
No one knows whether ironwood is the so-called ironwood mentioned by Meng De. As for the ironwood in the lumber yard, no one can see the reason after looking at it. [No pop-up novel website] Finally decided to consult Fa Shilu from the Ministry of Agriculture - he is considered the most professional botanist in the Senate.
"It should be the same thing." Fashilu said, "This is a tropical and subtropical tree species. It is a common tree species in the mountains of Yunnan and Guangxi, and also found in Guangdong. It is often used in Guangdong furniture in this time and space. It is not special. Expensive."
"Lin Xianming said this is the best wood for shipbuilding, and there is not much left now."
"From the perspective of the demand for shipbuilding, of course there is not much ironwood, but for the purpose of making furniture, there is a lot of ironwood. Even in the Qing Dynasty and now, it is not particularly valuable." Fashilu said He shouted to an indigenous experimenter wearing a gray coat, "Get a sample of ironwood!"
A few minutes later, the experimenter brought a specimen box, and Fa Shilu opened it and showed it to everyone:
"This is a sample of the trunk of Ironwood. How do you like it? It feels a little shiny, right? The oil content of Ironwood is very high, and the seed oil content is 79%. It can almost be used as an oil crop. And its wood fibers are particularly long. , very difficult to cut off. Its strength is among the best among trees. Not only can it be used to build ships, it can also be used to make some mechanical accessories. Many of the mounts, frames and wheels of our towed artillery are also made of this. Although It’s a little tricky to process, but it’s very strong.”
Fashilu talked to the shipbuilding staff in a class-like tone.
"After all, can iron wood be used as a ship bearing?" Jiang Ye asked cautiously after he finished his talk.
"This is no longer my specialty." Fashilu said, "When it comes to machinery, isn't it your specialty?"
Everyone who came for consultation almost vomited blood. Doesn’t this mean that nothing was asked?
On the way away from the farm, a group of people argued about whether to use iron wood as a paddle shaft based on Meng's moral "listen to what others say". This is a large ship with thousands of tons. Once it was launched into the water for sea trials, the propeller shaft was destroyed and had to be re-entered the dock to repair it. Not only was it embarrassing, but it also affected the strategic goals of the entire crossing group.
"Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. I think we should take the most direct approach and do experiments first." Jiang Ye suggested that one or two of the current steam boats be modified to see the effect.
Steam boats are equipped with 12-horsepower steam engines and are ready-made power ships. However, its propulsion method is quite special. It uses a so-called retractable propeller, which is equivalent to a kind of outboard propeller propulsion - the shipyard relied on this to avoid the problem of propeller installation. The trade-off, of course, is that the transmission of the power unit becomes quite complex.
"If the steam boat can be converted into a propeller, it will be of great significance for us to install the propeller modified from the 854. At least we can accumulate experience."
"Yes, we will try every possible solution we can think of," Zhou Billy said.
After the coordination of the Planning Institute, the Navy "generously" provided five steam boats - this generosity was conditional. The six boats were all large boats that broke down frequently and were in poor condition during the Pearl River Battle. The Navy said that as long as they can be repaired, everyone in the Ministry of Machinery Industry will do whatever they want. Subsequently, at Zhou Billy's suggestion, an "854 Reform Engineering Technology Group" was set up in the shipyard, and a number of veteran technicians with certain attainments in shipbuilding, machining and other aspects were mobilized to participate in the project, specifically to be stationed at the factory to solve various technical problems on site. question. As the project leader of the entire shipbuilding plan - the "First Shipbuilding Maintenance Plan".
Zhou Ke from the Ministry of Machinery Industry was appointed as the project leader. Others in the project team were unable to work full-time in the shipyard, so he was appointed as a regular staff member. Zhou Ke graduated with a bachelor's degree in mechanics, and his second major was thermal energy engineering, which is considered to be related to shipbuilding. It had something to do with it. He had a good foundation in fitter and lathe skills, and he also liked making ship models, so he became the most suitable person in charge of the shipbuilding project team among the veterans.
Zhou Ke is a stout man with a round face. He is said to be the project leader, but he actually doesn’t know much about shipbuilding. Like Zhou Bili and others, as a veteran engineer of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, he takes turns to serve as a project manager in various industrial enterprises. As a factory supervisor, I have worked in all factories. He became a typical so-called "generalist" who "can do everything".
The first thing he did after taking office was to solve the problems of the drive shaft and propeller.
The engineering team first pulled a large boat onto the slipway - although the large boat had only been operating in Guangdong for two months, there were already a lot of barnacles on the bottom of the boat. The boatmen first carried out the work of clearing the bottom of the boat. Subsequently, Sun Li led people to dismantle the steam engine and boiler on the large boat for overhaul.
The propeller is relatively easy to solve. Although they do not have the actual propeller, they do have a complete set of CAD drawings of various propellers. Jiang Ye meant to directly use the machining center to make one, then use it to make molds and manufacture them in batches. Zhou Ke felt that this was a bit overkill.
"Don't we have the motor boat on the Fengcheng ship? There is a propeller in the spare parts. We can use that as a mold for sand casting."
Xiao Bailang first made a clay mold of the propeller, then turned it into a hard mold, and finally cast the first propeller for a small boat out of cast iron.
Zhou Ke first used a computer to determine the center of gravity and center point. After obtaining the data, he drilled holes in the hull to install the bushings and shafts. He installed iron wood propellers on the No. 1 test boat. The results proved that iron wood propellers were used. Limu is feasible. During the trial voyage, a small amount of water did enter the shaft sleeve at the beginning, but it stopped before it reached the point where water needed to be scooped out.
However, after all, the large boat is a small boat with only a few dozen tons and 12 horsepower. The 854 has a displacement of more than 1200 tons and a steam engine with 500 horsepower. No one in the entire project team dares to guarantee whether it is reliable to use a wooden shaft for such a ship.
Then they tried various shaft sealing methods. In fact, all the dynamic sealing methods given by everyone are feasible. However, there are more or less various problems, some processing methods are not up to standard, and some materials are not good enough. Roughly speaking, design ideas far exceed processing capabilities and material levels.
Packing seal is the simplest of all sealing methods, and the effect is pretty good - the water does not enter very quickly. If the ship is equipped with a churning machine, this water intrusion is not a big problem. What's more, if there is a steam engine, the water will be churned. Not a burden. However, there has never been a good solution to the heat dissipation problem. With 5oo horsepower and hundreds of revolutions per minute, the heat generated by friction is very powerful, which is almost equivalent to a small electric furnace with one or two kilowatts. If there is no heat dissipation method at all, Reaching a red-hot state is common.
Finally, Zhou Ke decided to use a liquid oil seal with circulating cooling. The sealed oil tank is located above the propeller drive shaft and slowly injects oil into the shaft box through gravity. The oil has a certain pressure and will slowly leak outward through the shaft sleeve to resist the penetration of seawater. The oil itself can cool the drive shaft. Most of the oil is recovered through the pump, and then re-injected into the oil tank after external cooling for recycling.
The structure of this oil seal is relatively simple. What is slightly more complicated is the pipeline and power for oil recovery. And the oil used can be castor oil or coconut oil - both of which can be supplied by the Planning Institute.
"Are you sure this plan is feasible?" Zhan Wuya looked at the model Zhou Ke brought to his office.
"It's feasible." Zhou Ke opened the model - a very simple model but with a large scale - in order to fully display the details, "We conducted a shipping test on the No. 5 test boat, and also conducted six-site operation tests and In the water platform test, combined with the choux machine, the leakage of the shaft function using the oil seal is completely within the controllable range. I just don’t know whether coconut oil or castor oil can be fully supplied. After all, it is not 100% recycled and there is a certain loss. The sealing oil must be Long-term supply.”
"It's not a big problem. As long as you can ensure that most of the oil can be recycled - people in the chemical industry can use any oil anyway, and the sealing oil that is replaced is mostly used to make fé. Wuya knows that whether it is castor oil or coconut oil, in planning There is still a certain amount of stock in the hospital's inventory. Especially coconut oil, the supply has been quite stable since the establishment of the Sanya base. As for castor oil, the Central Government Administration has, through the Ministry of Education, mobilized students to use fragmented land to plant it extensively at home and in school. This plant, before mineral oil was available, castor oil was considered a good industrial oil.
Zhou Ke said excitedly: "That's great! Next we have to solve the problem of large propellers."
"One more thing." Zhan Wuya picked up a thick document bag on the table, "This is from Qian Shuiting, and it's about sailing."
"Sail rig? Aren't you sure to use a horizontal sail?"
"According to Qian Shuiting, full-height sail rigging has high requirements for sailors..."
"We have decided to use a power machine." According to him, it is impossible to achieve a fully mechanized sail with a full horizontal sail, and a considerable workload still has to be solved by sailors climbing the mast. He suggested using the so-called simpler operation..." Zhan Wuya couldn't think of this term for a while - barquentine style - "Forget it, you know it anyway, he has written it very clearly here. , and drawings. "
"Understood. I'll inform the sail-making workshop when I get back."
Zhan Wuya said: "Also, you have to submit a report to me: about applying for the manufacture of steel wire ropes and thin iron chains with the following specifications." He gave him a document, "Huang Tianyu told me yesterday that both of these are Things that must be used in power sail auxiliary equipment, but the Ministry of Industry has never produced these, it is equivalent to 'special manufacturing', and you, the project leader, have to make a proposal."
"Okay. I really haven't thought about mechanization bsp; "According to Mr. Wen, the last and most modern all-steel sailing ship is used to transport bulk cargo such as wheat, struvite and Chilean saltpeter. ——There are only more than 20 sailors. All use mechanized sails. It would be great if we also have a ship like this. "
After Zhou Ke left the office, he went to the "Fire Cellar", as everyone called the department managed by Xiao Bailang. In the industrial system, fire-related industries such as kilns and castings are all under his control, from firing crystal clear bone china and glass to large, thick and thick castings, from industrial equipment to personal hygiene All sanitary ware is under his management. Over the past two years, Xiao Bailang, who is a yù tree facing the wind and racing against the wind, has become dry and black.
Xiao Bailang is currently organizing his workers to make clay molds for the wooden propellers. This wooden propeller has a good origin. It is a "prototype" manufactured by a machining center. There are some reserves of large and medium-sized propellers in the warehouse of the Planning Institute - spare parts prepared for Fengcheng and other modern ships. But Zhou Ke didn't know if it was appropriate. So he asked someone to first select the propeller type based on the 854 modified ship type, then extract the corresponding CAD drawings and make certain optimization modifications, and finally input them into the machining center to create a full-size wooden mold.
Workers used the wooden mold to first make a clay mold, and then sanded the clay mold to make a hard mold. The wooden mold was then properly stored.
The material for making propellers, based on the experience of making propellers for small boats last time, directly used aluminum brass. Although Chuanchuanzhong cannot smelt aluminum for the time being, aluminum has many sources and the smelting technology is not high, so it is relatively easy to produce it yourself. It is much easier to source than other colored metals such as manganese bronze and nickel aluminum bronze.
The newly smelted and cast aluminum brass ingots transported from the workshop of the Metallurgical Department are piled next to the crucible boiler, waiting to be melted and cast.
"It only takes one day to cast, and making the mold is very laborious!" Xiao Bailang exhaled, his face was dark, and a black and oily labor protection mask hung around his neck. "I want to tell Zhan Wuya that we need a bigger crucible boiler and use continuous casting." He looked at Zhou Ke, "You won't equip each type of ship with a propeller, right?"
"No problem, I'm going to use this propeller at the next stage. It should be no problem to use the same propeller for a 1200-ton ship and a 500-ton ship. No matter how big the ship is, it will be propelled by twin propellers."
"Well," Xiao Bailang sat down on the stool. Immediately, a young girl in blue at work brought him a large cup of bubbling salt soda and asked him to drink it in one gulp. Zhou Ke saw that this girl had refreshing short ears and a pretty face, but her breasts were unusually plump - she had a childish face. I couldn't help but wonder in my heart: When buying a life secretary, when did you buy such a top-notch product?
"Hmph, are you jealous?" Xiao Bailang glanced at him sideways.
"This girl is pretty good. Why haven't I seen it before? Could it be that she gave you a vagina?"
"This is an S-level one. You're just messing around with a dark-skinned girl." Xiao Bailang said proudly, "I didn't leave the queen, I got it by lottery."
"I don't believe you are so lucky! It must be the people on the executive committee who set you up!"
"What's the word 'give me a back door'!" Xiao Bailang got angry in embarrassment, "Don't blame the executive committee for your suffering." As he said that, he tilted his chin towards the young lady, "Come on, sing for me! I'm so angry with you guys. Help 1oser.”
The young girl didn't dare to neglect, and quickly sang a Cantonese tune that she didn't know the so-called. Each of the workers stood in awe, an unexpected place three feet away from Xiao Bailang, listening to the tune - Xiao's concubine sang the tune well, and everyone loved to listen to it, and everyone was very fond of Xiao Bailang. I sincerely admire the heroic spirit of a woman working in a factory.
The girl's voice was delicate and soft, which made Zhou Ke's heart shudder. I couldn't help but secretly feel jealous. I wonder if the executive committee really did something about the distribution of servants? Although considering Xiao Bailang's work situation, it is appropriate to have an S-class servant, but such secret operations should be resolutely put an end to it! He was already dissatisfied with the direction of the Executive Committee, but now he became increasingly suspicious.
As for the large drive shafts, connecting rods and cranks used to drive the propellers, they are manufactured by Bobu's arsenal. They have large forging machines, which were originally installed for forging cannons and were also used to forge some large workpieces. These forging machines are simpler than the forging equipment brought by the time travelers from the old time and space, but they are far superior to the equipment brought in terms of machine size and forging capabilities. The forging workshop of the arsenal is also the busiest workshop in the manufacturing director's department. Forging is carried out day and night. Part of the iron keel and ribs for building new ships are also forged here.
In the arsenal, steam engines for ships are still being manufactured. Since the finished products of steam engines and boilers are relatively heavy, in order to facilitate transportation and installation, during the industrial layout, the manufacturing workshops for both were arranged to be manufactured in the arsenal. , some standardized parts are provided by Bairen's industrial zone.
All steam engines used by the travelers so far have used Lancashire boilers to supply steam - this type of boiler has been improved and installed with a surface condenser. It can provide distilled water to the boiler, ensuring that the boiler can be used continuously.
Lancashire boilers can also provide steam for marine steam engines, but their efficiency is relatively poor. The same power requires more boilers to supply steam. This is uneconomical for ships with limited space, so Sun Li and others who were responsible for manufacturing steam engines had a brand new task, to open new high-pressure boilers for marine steam engines. Used to provide steam with greater unit pressure. If the new model of boiler is successfully imitated, it will provide the basis for building a steam engine with greater horsepower. After all, the power provided by a 5oo horsepower steam engine is still too low.
After reading the information, everyone decided to follow the old path of technological improvement in history and trial-produce a fire tube style boiler. It uses a cylindrical shell and flue. The unit pressure provided by this boiler is far better than that of the Lancashire boiler, so that The cast iron pipes originally used must be replaced with low carbon steel pipes to ensure safe operation.
