Zhenyi guerrilla Tang Mingshi discovered that God seemed to be playing a joke on him.
His army took the risk of being shelled and walked forty steps in front of the enemy. He thought he could defeat the enemy with a large number of light artillery, but the enemy actually lifted out densely packed eagle muskets from behind the mound?
If I had known he would not come!
The technology tree of individual muskets in the Ming Dynasty has a clear main line, starting from the earliest Huomen gun, to the bird gun copied from the Wanli year in the Jiajing year, to the eagle gun copied and directly installed in the Chongzhen year.
The development of Huomen gun is relatively long, and multiple short-barreled Huomen three-eye blunderbuss and fast guns with bayonets have been invented.
The prototype of the bird gun is the Portuguese light matchlock gun, and it was imitated along with the Franco gun. On this basis, Qi Jiguang and Zhao Shizhen, as representatives, innovated the multi-long-barreled thunder gun, the Franco gun, and the The Ottoman-style matchlock gun Rumi was introduced.
Here, Qi Jiguang's role was to improve granular gunpowder and promote it on a large scale, increasing the power of gunpowder.
After Qi Jiguang, the burning rate of granular gunpowder was slower and more controllable. With the same powder charge, the barrel pressure endured by the barrel at the same time was smaller than that of powder gunpowder, creating a basis for higher charges and stronger power. possible.
At the same time, the musket charges in Western countries were one-half or one-third of the weight of the ammunition. The musket charges in the Ming Dynasty were the same weight as the ammunition.
On this basis, the Lumi blunderbuss, which is more finely crafted, has the title of being the farthest and most poisonous, because it is more finely crafted, but its shape and caliber are no different from those of bird blunderbuss. The only difference is that its barrel is longer. , so it can hit farther and more powerfully.
The price is that the price of a bird gun is seven to one tael of silver, and the price of a Lumi gun is even higher, one or two taels of silver.
The above is the technological progress of muskets up to the Wanli period.
The turtle dove gun or the eagle gun is a new thing for the Ming army. The biggest difference is that its caliber has changed. This is the name for the Spanish heavy musket. It was a new thing that was only started to be equipped at the end of the Apocalypse and the early years of Chongzhen.
Tang Mingshi's understanding of heavy muskets came from the fact that he led troops into the Wei Dynasty in the third year of Chongzhen. At that time, he was catching up with the governor Sun Yuanhua to equip the new army. Following the red barbarians, he transferred 200 imitation Spanish heavy muskets from Guangdong.
Turtle dove and eagle gun are two names for the same gun. Eagle gun is derived from the literal translation of Xu Guangqi, and turtle dove gun is derived from the free translation of sparrow hawk by Wang Zunde, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Soldiers or officials who do not understand Western languages are commonly known as large bird guns.
There was also Xiong Wencan, the governor of Fujian who recruited Zheng Zhilong. He called this the Turtle Dove Foot Gun, because the turtle dove's claws have three toes, and the middle claw is particularly long, like the fork of a Spanish heavy musket.
In short, these terms refer to heavy muskets based on Spanish heavy muskets, which are mainly different from smaller caliber muskets.
At that time, the turtle dove gun had been imitated regularly in the capital. As a supplement to the individual firepower of the newly trained army, the army was equipped with the bird gun at a ratio of one to five. The imperial court hoped to use this thing to restore the Liao Dynasty.
Although he thought at the time that this type of large-caliber musket might not be very useful against the Mongols, the main opponents in the northwest defense zone, watching soldiers practice with turtle dove guns and the huge power brought by their large caliber and large charge still made the turtle dove guns a valuable weapon for Tang Mingshi. Very impressed.
At that time, Tang Mingshi thought in his heart that if this thing was effective against Hou Jin, then by the time he took office in Jiliao, the army would have been equipped on a large scale.
It's a pity that the Turtle Dove Guns had a bad start in the Ming Dynasty. The new army that Sun Yuanhua had worked so hard to train became a rebel because of a chicken in Wuqiao, Jingzhou, Hejian Prefecture. The fortress of Western learning in the east border that he created was beaten to a pulp in the war. In the end, the first large number of troops equipped with turtledove muskets were almost annihilated by our own army, leaving only ten thousand remnants of defeated troops who crossed the sea and invested money.
Due to these origins, in Tang Mingshi's subconscious mind, Eagle Gun and Shandong Rebels were equated.
He never expected that he would see organized rebels using heavy guns in Gansu. The equipment rate of these heavy guns seemed to be much higher than that of the rebels!
However, on the front line that was 70 to 80 paces wide, on the earthen ramparts half a man high, there were nearly 200 heavy muskets set up in the front, and there were clearly two rows of soldiers waiting for rounds behind them. Tang Mingshi had no time to distinguish between the heavy muskets and the heavy muskets. The people holding the guns together made my intestines turn green with regret.
In fact, he was not the most panicked person on the battlefield. The commander-in-chief of the left wing of the Zhenyi Ranger Battalion, named Cao Yingxuan, was also a general who had seen eagles and muskets. He was leading the left wing to push the commander forward when he suddenly saw the marshal's heavy muskets. He immediately He urged his horse to run towards the central army.
But before anyone arrived, the first round of heavy gunfire from the Marshal's Army had already come.
At the moment when the heavy muskets were fired, Tang Mingshi, who was riding a horse in the Chinese army, felt confused... The gunfire and smoke sprayed out were much less than he imagined. Two hundred heavy muskets should not be the only sound.
But he couldn't help but wonder at the next moment. Large lead pellets weighing one to two and a half dollars were sprayed out, making a frightening scream in the air. In an instant, they sprayed in front of the Zhenyi Army formation, causing the sound of large wooden boards shattering.
Shields and armors were vulnerable in front of this thing. In just a moment, Tang Mingshi saw dozens of soldiers falling to the ground. Different from the large wailing and crying after being hit by bird cannons, the soldiers hit by this thing The vast majority are unable to scream at all.
General Qian Cao Yingxuan rushed into the Chinese army. His mount's head was penetrated by a lead bullet. The inertia of the heavy body of the war horse brought him forward a few steps. The moment he fell, General Cao Qian rolled in. Chinese army.
"General, retreat quickly!"
"Get out of here!"
Tang Mingshi said angrily: "If you take a step back, we will die without a burial place!"
He knew best that what the army faced at this time was not the most dangerous situation. The most dangerous situation was that they began to retreat.
He didn't know the parameters of the marshal's heavy gun, but if the eagle gun raised its muzzle slightly, it could hit lead bullets 200 paces away. Although there was no accuracy at that distance, his army would face difficulties during the retreat. It is difficult to maintain formation under the threat of death.
This is a simple calculation problem.
Maintaining the formation, 200 steps is enough for the enemy to finish off the three rows of rounds. They will have to pay close to 200 casualties. Even if the formation is not broken up, the soldiers will not be willing to approach the enemy again and can only retreat.
If the formation cannot be maintained, it will still have to withstand three rows of rounds of fire, suffering more than 150 casualties, losing the protection of the military formation, and being trampled and driven by enemy cavalry. Once the collapse is formed, it will be difficult to gather troops again.
Therefore, Tang Mingshi judged that the best choice at this time was to engage in a firefight with the enemy, rely on the advantage of the rate of fire at close range to suppress the enemy, and try not to let the enemy shoot or affect the enemy's reloading.
They cannot defend against muskets, but they can use offense to weaken enemy attacks.
His sight swept over his own military formation. The Zhenyi Army that had received the first round of shooting was not greatly moved. After he ordered the change of formation, the flags of the three columns were waved. Behind each column, there were hundreds of generals leading the troops, with hundreds of people. Horizontal formations fill the gaps between columns, turning columns into horizontal formations.
Tang Mingshi did the calculation problem very well and got the correct answer under the existing conditions.
The problem was that his known conditions were wrong.
There were 200 muskets in the first row in front of the marshal's formation, but only thirty or forty people were hit by the salvo. Why?
Because Tang Tong leads the standard Thousand Headquarters of the Marshal's Mansion Field Camp, the minimum establishment is not what, but what is the following four three-person teams of first battle and second assistant that are very characteristic of the Lion Battalion.
During the Lion Camp era, most of the auxiliary soldiers who came from the peasant army did not have the physical fitness to play with strong bows. They were often equipped with three-eyed blunderbuss and bird blunderbuss. Only combat soldiers used war bows.
In the field camp era, the Marshal's Mansion had its own arsenal, capable of producing firearms on a large scale, and the auxiliary soldiers also had the ability to fight as soldiers after serving for several years. Nowadays, the auxiliary soldiers use cold weapons and war bows, and the auxiliary soldiers use cold weapons and war bows. Instead, they were large-caliber firearms.
Because the self-made firearms of the Marshal's Mansion have a heavy weight, the blunderbuss weighs fifteen kilograms and the carrying gun weighs thirty kilograms.
Therefore, their firearms equipment rate is only 30%, which means that the entire Thousand Headquarters only has 400 muskets, and each soldier is equipped with a carrying gun and three heavy guns.
Three hundred heavy muskets formed a loose three-row salvo formation, which meant that only a hundred heavy muskets were fired at the same time.
Of the two hundred heavy muskets that Tang Mingshi saw, one hundred of them did not fire immediately because they loaded ammunition too slowly, so they fired in rounds instead of volleys.
After the heavy gunners fired in unison, the heavy gunners in the front row retreated, allowing the second row of gunners to catch up.
It can be seen that the heavy musketry line of the Marshal's Army is standing in a gap, with each heavy musketeer surrounded by a gun bearer.
Because the heavy guns of the Marshal's Mansion are still matchlock guns, it is not safe to form a dense formation, and the guns are carried using flintlock guns. Moreover, there is a tripod mounted on the vehicle, which can provide good separation in the horizontal formation. Fire the rope.
In the process of the heavy gunners changing ranks, the gunmen fired one after another from left to right, and one after another, through the smoke of gunpowder that was still dissipating, they fired the huge muskets into the enemy formation.
This makes it appear that just listening to the sound, the marshal's muskets are firing scatteredly, as if the soldiers' training is poor.
But in fact, this is precisely the result of their extremely high level of training, so that they can combine volley shooting and rotation shooting well.
The Zhenyi Army on the other side, which suffered casualties, did not stand still and took the beating. The three columns quickly expanded into five columns, with a wider width than the Marshal's Army. They also formed three deep columns and fought back with muskets.
It has to be said that their volley momentum is much stronger than that of the Marshal's Army.
The Zhenyi Army deployed long cards to form a basic defensive facility. The gunmen in the front row used three-eye blunderbuss, while the back row used small-caliber bird muskets such as Lumi and Qingdian. The prisoners were bombarded at close range.
Dozens of pellets from the gushing cannon were sprayed in front of the formation, which could always injure or even kill several soldiers even though they were separated by the earth barrier; the three prisoner-killing cannons on the trolley took turns to fire and bombarded non-stop, each one pounding a kilogram. The lead bullets blasted toward the earthen ramparts, easily breaking through the wooden boards and causing the earthen ramparts filled with wet sand to collapse.
In contrast, the eight Lion Cannons sprayed dense amounts of lead pellets and iron bullets at close range at one light gun group after another.
Every once in a while, the cannons of the two invincible generals of the Zhenyi Army sprayed out 500 pellets; the heavy artillery in the marshal's formation also roared, retaliating with 1,300 iron bullets, sweeping the entire artillery group clean.
The huge firepower of both sides covered the middle of the battlefield with smoke that could not be dispersed. After just a few exchanges of fire, no one could aim. People could only mechanically repeat the same actions again and again, shooting into the smoke and being broken through. Smoke and stray bullets hit.
Amidst the continuous roar of guns and artillery, the three hundred horsemen on the right side of the Zhenyi Army tried to launch an attack on the flank of Tang Tong's army to help the Chinese army defeat the enemy. However, they did not expect that more than a hundred soldiers on the flank of the Marshal's Army were armed with spears, spears and strong bows. He prepared his troops carefully, but not only failed to attack the military formation, but also lost an adult.
The cavalry army just wanted to launch an attack, but did not really dare to charge forward. What they were afraid of was not the numerous spears and spears, but the constant firing of guns and artillery fire by their own side.
Those stray bullets almost formed a dense line of gunfire, tightly wrapping the left wing of the marshal's formation, not to mention there was a trench that the horses could not cross.
But the musket line that the Zhenyi cavalry was afraid of seemed to be just that to the soldiers of the Marshal's Army.
After withstanding the first few rounds of shooting, Wai Liangzi suddenly discovered that the Ming army's firepower consisting of three-eyed blunderbuss and bird blunderbuss continued non-stop, but the front line of the military formation was also obscured by gunpowder smoke, and the lead bullets fired at them seemed... It seems to be becoming less and less.
He bravely stood up and looked at the battlefield in front of the two armies. The gunshots coming from the enemy's formation had not weakened, but it seemed that because of the smoke, the Ming army's gunners could only shoot based on feeling.
Of course, there were still a lot of lead bullets fired towards their formation, but there were also a lot of lead bullets that hit the ground, the sky, and the left and right sides of the military formation.
As the firepower of the Marshal's Army continued to be very weak, they almost fired three rounds of volleys, then paused for a while, only sporadic shots were raised, and then three rounds of volleys were fired.
But they shot very accurately, and even the soldiers aimed consciously during the platoon shooting. Except for raising the gunners, the soldiers were almost not too nervous.
After all, during the round firing process, the soldiers actually only need to step forward and fire a gun. It is only dangerous when firing the gun. However, because the gun bearer is always in front of the formation, he is more nervous than an ordinary gunman who uses a heavy gun.
In the constant gunfire, Wai Liangzi noticed that the enemy's gunfire was becoming more and more sporadic, and the number of muskets fired in each salvo seemed to be getting less and less. The two invincible generals also gradually became silent, and he ran back to the center excitedly. The army said to Tang Tongtong: "General, the enemy seems to be out of gunpowder. Charge them and defeat them?"
Unexpectedly, Tang Tong, who was holding a silk shell bag, reacted very calmly.
He shook his head and said, "They lied to you. Keep fighting until they retreat. Don't attack."
Tang Tong was very familiar with this trick. When they charged forward, the two invincible generals of the Ming Army would hit them in the face.
This is a manifestation of finding that the opponent has no advantage in shooting and trying to make a comeback.
As he spoke, Tang Tong spread out the silk medicine bag in his hand on the ground, and sprinkled 1,300 small lead pellets on the plain silk. He pointed at the small lead pellets and said: "Dismantle five cannonballs and give the powder to The blunderbuss hand is sent down, and three blunderbuss are inserted into it each time."
Wai Liangzi said in confusion: "The weight of the bullet is only two or four!"
"It's okay. They are close and will not affect the range." Tang Tong shook his head and grabbed a handful of loose powder and handed it to Wai Liangzi: "Hit a few more people!"
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