Xu He continued: "But if we strictly follow the evidence theory, on the issue of whether Yu State sent troops, the views in the three books are all isolated evidence. In fact, no one can fully accept it. What can be determined is that the Jin State borrowed the The State of Yu destroyed Guo, and the State of Yu acted conveniently, and then the State of Yu was also destroyed by the State of Jin, and that’s it.”
Xu He paused and continued: "Therefore, I feel that the three legends cannot be used as evidence to prove whether Yu State sent troops. Historical data must corroborate each other. But even if mutual corroboration is established, it would be more direct if there are no cultural relics from the time. We still cannot claim that what we have obtained is the fact, and we can only believe the strongest part of the evidence."
The so-called "cultural relics of that time" refer to unearthed cultural relics.
Just like the "Book of Sage Family" mentioned before, historically it was believed that this book was written by a later generation under the pretense of Confucius' name.
But after archaeological discovery, this book actually came from Confucius's time.
Therefore, this book excludes the pretense of later generations, but it is not really what Confucius said, and there is a lack of direct evidence. Unless some cultural relics name the book and say that this book was narrated by Confucius himself, then it can be used as qualitative evidence. .
In the same way, if you characterize the false Tao Fugu Guo because of the time when the book was written or the nature of the book, this is also a hooliganism.
At this time, someone said: "If there is a question like this in the provincial examination, we must use one of the three biographies as the standard for answering it! Then which book should we use?"
Xu He shook his head: "The people who can write the examination papers are all well-educated people. When they write the papers, they will definitely avoid such controversial questions."
"To take a step back, even if they ask the question "The False Dao Defeats Guo", the texts recorded in the three biographies are not the same. As long as you memorize the three biographies, you will use the viewpoints of which book the examiner uses to answer the question. Can!"
Been educated.
The junior students and senior students who originally wanted to educate the new students fell into deep thought after listening to Xu He's words.
Indeed, there are often discrepancies in classics and history. The Spring and Autumn Annals are fine, but the Shangshu is the hardest hit area.
Many statements are often found to be doubtful in later generations.
But in this era, everyone's research on the classics and history subsets is not as abnormal as it was during the Exegetical School of the Qing Dynasty, so people often don't know how to solve the problems that arise in the classics and history subsets.
Although Xu He's method did not completely solve the problem, it also provided an exam idea.
Don't tell me, it's quite a coincidence.
This question not only made the scholars who took "Spring and Autumn" as their classic classics deep in thought, but other people also began to think about the problems that appeared in their own classics.
However, these people are just a minority among the people on the scene, and most people are completely confused after listening to it.
They could write every word Xu He just said, but when it was put together into a sentence, they couldn't understand what Xu He was talking about.
This is a sign that the Confucian classics have not yet been mastered.
Affected by the TV series, many people in later generations believed that it was a very simple matter to study to become a Jinshi, and you would become a Jinshi at every turn.
Sorry, in real history, these talented people in the field are the smartest people in the world.
But even this group of people may not be able to read through the Thirteen Classics, and even if they read through it, they may not be able to fully understand it. Even if they understand it, whether they can interpret it is still a question.
Therefore, being able to become a scholar is just the starting point for another level of reading.
Xu He's answer perfectly tells everyone that you are still a long way from passing the exam and becoming a Jinshi, so don't slack off.
At this time, Director Jiao Xun, who had been standing on the steps, also became interested and said: "I didn't expect Liang Sheng to be involved in "Spring and Autumn", so I will also ask a question for you to answer!"
Xu He already knew that this was Jiao Ze, Jiao Keji, the instructor of Yuyingzhai, his future class teacher, so he quickly said humbly: "I don't dare to say [dabble], I just read it!"
Jiao Ze was very satisfied with Xu He's modesty and said with a smile: "Nothing, just chatting!"
After that, he asked: "It is said that governing history requires [according to facts], what do you think of this?"
When Xu He heard his question, he suddenly felt bad.
This question is no longer separated from the classic meaning, but tests Xu He's principles of governing history.
In the development of Chinese historiography, there have always been two concepts of historical management: "taking away praise and criticism" and "writing directly based on the facts."
The so-called wresting praise and blame means taking history as a mirror and using certain narrative principles to criticize, praise or criticize history.
For example, Mencius said: "When the world is in decline, evil doctrines and atrocities are committed, ministers will kill their kings, sons will kill their fathers, Confucius is afraid, and writes "Spring and Autumn"."
From this we can see that the purpose of Confucius writing "Spring and Autumn" was to let the world learn from history.
But by the Han Dynasty, the dominant concept of governing history became direct writing based on facts.
For example, Sima Qian's "Historical Records" and Ban Gu's "Hanshu" clearly reflect the concept of writing directly based on the facts. Liu Zhiji, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, put forward two standards for writing historical books. First, the writing method must be "accurate". Solicit different opinions and pick up the opinions of the group, and then you can become a family and spread it to immortality."
The second is the attitude towards writing history, praising the spirit of having the courage to write directly and opposing the obscurity of writing.
But in the Wei Dynasty, Xu He could no longer answer this question casually.
Because of the prevalence of Confucianism, Ercheng of the Northern Song Dynasty explicitly warned his disciple Xie Liangzuo that scholars who did not read history under the guidance of Confucian principles would become careless, and reading history without clarifying Confucian principles would be like playing with things and losing one's ambition.
If Xu He dares to praise or criticize this on the spot, big trouble will happen.
But Jiao Ze obviously wanted to hear his opinion on this matter. If the answer was too formal, Jiao Ze would obviously not be satisfied.
"What should I do?" Xu He had a headache.
Seeing this, Jiao Ze guessed Xu He's worries, so he smiled and said, "It's okay, we just have a casual chat today, don't be stressed!"
Can you believe it if the head teacher says we can chat casually?
Xu He thought for a moment and decided to use [curve to save the country] just in case.
After a moment, Xu He said: "This senior fellow Ouyang just mentioned "Spring and Autumn", then I will use an incident in "Zuo Zhuan" as an example for my attitude towards [According to Shi Zhishu]. Afterwards, everyone, a benevolent person sees benevolence and a wise person sees wisdom! What do you think?"
Jiao Ze almost laughed out loud when he heard this, and said to himself: "This kid is quite cautious."
Xu He said at this time: "In the second year of Xuangong's reign in Zuozhuan, the Taishi Book says: 'Zhao Dun killed his king'. To show it to the court. Xuanzi said: 'No.' He replied: 'Zi is right. Sir, if you don’t go beyond the end, you won’t seek out thieves. Who else is it but your son?”
After memorizing the text, Xu He began to ask questions: "Do you think this passage in "Zuo Zhuan" is based on the facts?"
Ouyang Jun laughed out loud when he heard this: "[Zhao Dun killed his king], of course this is based on the facts! Do you need to say this?"
