After talking about language, let’s talk about organizational structure and hierarchy.
The social organization of primitive human society can be divided into several different forms such as primitive groups, blood families, clans, phratry, tribes, and tribal alliances, among which clan is the foundation.
The clan system mainly has the following characteristics:
First, a clan organization is connected by blood ties among its members, not a regional alliance. Each member depends on the clan for survival, and people of the same clan have the obligation to protect, aid, and revenge each other.
The ant society is similar. Ants in the same nest are generally descendants of the same queen, that is, they are all relatives. Ant kingdoms with vast geographical areas, such as the Big-headed Ant Kingdom and the Pavement Ant Barbarian Kingdom, can all be traced back to the ancestors of the same ant nest. All citizens are related and have the need for mutual help and reciprocity at the genetic level.
Second, chiefs, as clan leaders and military leaders, are democratically elected and preside over the daily affairs of the clan and handle disputes; clan members are completely equal and no one has any privileges. This is the so-called primitive "democracy".
The ruling class of ant society, such as male ants and queen ants, as well as the working ants as the ruled class, are determined at birth and cannot break through the barriers of caste throughout their lives.
However, within the ruling class, there is primitive democracy. Some ant races have a simple equal relationship between the ruling classes, while others have certain hierarchical distinctions. However, it is obvious that all ruling classes have more or less political and economic power or privileges.
Third, clan meetings, tribal councils, etc. are important forms of social organization in primitive societies. In primitive societies, there are no violent institutions that force people to obey. The clan meeting is the highest authority of the clan, and all members of the clan have the right to participate. The tribal council composed of chiefs of each clan is responsible for the public affairs of the tribe, including handling the relations between clans or phratry.
In the ant world, the King's Conference and the King's Conference or similar institutions rooted in the internal democracy of the ruling class also exist, and are the de facto highest authority. No individual member of the ruling class can resist the decisions of this supreme authority.
Fourth, the power possessed by clan meetings and tribal councils and the equal relationship between people are not maintained and adjusted by coercive agencies and mandatory norms, but based on various habits passed down from generation to generation and people's respect for clans. Meetings, tribal councils and the respect of the leaders are maintained and adjusted, and everything is done according to traditional customs.
Social organizations including clans, phratry and tribes that developed naturally based on clans were able to manage all public affairs of primitive society and handle all possible conflicts within society.
External conflicts are resolved through war. The outcome of the war is often the extinction of a certain clan or tribe, rather than the losing party becoming the enslavement object of the victor.
The same is true in the ant world, where the only factor that determines the ruling and non-ruling classes is their species, which is determined at birth. Ants have maintained this system for tens of millions of years, and no exploited and oppressed working ants at the bottom think there is anything wrong with this.
In a world lacking the top of the food chain, ants have gradually risen to this position by virtue of their advantages, and with it, the expansion of the ant colony. A single ant nest develops into an ant nation spanning a vast area, but the bond that maintains the nation is still blood, and the basic unit that constitutes this nation is still a single nest, just like numerous clans that form pods, tribes, and tribal alliances.
Wars between different ant kingdoms are very frequent, and this is almost the only way to resolve disputes between the two sides. The conquered were simply destroyed, no prisoners were kept as slaves.
The management of human clan communes is democratic and autonomous. However, as time goes by, private ownership and differentiation between rich and poor appear within the clan. The newly emerged wealthy and dignitaries gradually control the rights of the clan. The original democratic system of clan society diluted to the point of disappearing. At the same time, with the progress of society and the complexity of life, the number of matters that require the use of public power to manage is also increasing, and the division of labor is becoming more and more detailed. The composition of democratic and autonomous management institutions in clan society and the process of functional differentiation and expansion all reflect this trend.
The Council of Chiefs is an institution that has always existed with the clan society. It is composed of the chiefs of each clan. It holds the highest power of the entire tribe and represents the public interests of the entire tribe. However, later on, chiefs gradually became a hereditary official position. After the emergence of the country, the Council of Chiefs also evolved into a powerful legislative and advisory body - the Senate.
The status and role of military commanders in primitive society gradually increased with that of religious leaders. In the early days of primitive society, military commanders were democratically elected by clan members based on their own abilities. Their powers were limited to military, sacrificial and certain judicial matters. They had no administrative powers and their status could not be hereditary. However, with the increasing private property, the frequent occurrence of predatory wars, and the need to explain supernatural forces, the capabilities of military and religious leaders continued to expand.
The People's Assembly has the final say on measures and programs on public affairs drawn up by the Council of Chiefs, but its history is far less ancient than that of the Council of Chiefs.
In the early days of primitive society, there was only one institution that managed public affairs - the Council of Chiefs; in the middle period of primitive society, there were two institutions - the Council of Chiefs and military commanders (sometimes with religious leaders); in the late primitive society, there were two institutions - the Council of Chiefs and military commanders (sometimes with religious leaders). There are three institutions - the People's Assembly, the Military Commander and the Council of Chiefs.
Taking the Big-headed Ant Kingdom as an example, its current power structure is very similar to the structure of primitive human society mentioned above.
Human society has the People's Assembly, and the Big-headed Ant Kingdom has the ruling class - the general assembly within the male ants - the King's Meeting.
However, it is difficult to convene a king's meeting in a large country because there are too many kings, and it is impossible for all the kings from the sub-nests in various places to arrive at the main nest. As an alternative, the Council of Kings emerged, like the Council of Chiefs in human society.
Human society has full-time religious leaders and military leaders. In the Big-headed Ant Kingdom, although the differentiation between the kings is not obvious, each king has the same power and can command any area of the kingdom.
However, these kings will also be mainly responsible for the areas they are good at based on their own experience and abilities. For example, the King of Public Security is basically responsible for military command and has little contact with civil affairs. He is equivalent to the military leader of ant society.
As for the religious leaders, they have been specially divided, just like the Lao Wang line.
