No matter what kind of tatting machine it is, simple or complex, its basic structure is approximate. The difference is that more complex looms can produce more complex fabric patterns, while simple waist looms can only produce fabrics with single colors or simple patterns.
The main structure of the loom is the corresponding mechanism for completing the five basic movements of weaving. Including: shedding mechanism, weft insertion mechanism, beating mechanism, coiling mechanism and let-off mechanism.
The shedding mechanism is responsible for dividing the warp into upper and lower layers to form the shed. There are several types of shedding mechanisms: pedal shedding mechanism, dobby shedding mechanism and jacquard shedding mechanism.
The pedal opening mechanism uses a cam to control the lifting and lowering of the heald frame and its sequence. Generally, heald frames with 2 to 8 pages are used, which are suitable for producing various plain weave, twill weave, satin weave and other fabrics.
The multi-arm shedding mechanism is controlled by the broach, hook and heddle lifting rod to lift the heald frame, and the flower tube and pattern plate, pattern nails, heavy tail rod, etc. are used to control the lifting and lowering sequence of the heald frame. In order to weave various small pattern fabrics, 16 to 32-page heald frames can be used.
The jacquard opening mechanism is controlled by lifting knives, vertical hooks (or straight needles), healds, etc. to lift the warp yarns. Each warp yarn can be raised and lowered independently. The lifting sequence of the warp yarns is controlled by the flower tube, pattern plate, horizontal needle, etc. This kind of opening mechanism can weave large pattern fabrics, such as jacquard towels, jacquard blankets, jacquard brocades, landscapes and other fabrics. Looms equipped with a jacquard shedding mechanism are generally called jacquard looms.
The weft insertion mechanism is a mechanism that introduces the weft yarn into the shed. On shuttle looms, the weft yarn is struck by the shuttle mechanism, causing the shuttle to fly and be introduced into the shed. The shuttle picking mechanism is divided into three types: upper shuttle picking, middle shuttle picking and lower shuttle picking.
Due to the violent impact of this kind of shuttle picking mechanism, the vibration and noise of the loom are large, the machine and materials are consumed a lot, and it is not safe enough. Sometimes accidents involving shuttle injuries may occur. On a shuttleless loom, the weft yarn is introduced into the shed by a weft inserter. This kind of loom without a shuttle eliminates the disadvantages of shuttle picking.
The beating-up mechanism is responsible for pushing the weft introduced into the shed to the cloth fell. There are two main types: one uses a crank and connecting rod to drive the reed on the reed seat, and moves forward and backward to beat up, which is called a connecting rod beating-up mechanism; the other uses a conjugate cam to drive the reed on the reed seat. It moves forward and backward to beat up the weft, which is called the conjugate cam beat-up mechanism.
The cam can be designed as needed to control the rest time of the reed seat at the rear, which is suitable for weft insertion and beat-up of wide-width looms.
The winding mechanism can make the fabric form a specified weft density, lead it away from the work area and roll it onto the cloth roller. The fabric is usually rolled up using a gear-driven round roller covered with a layer of friction material. The winding mechanism can change the weft density of the fabric by changing the gear.
The warp let-off mechanism is a mechanism that sends out warp yarns according to weaving needs. It usually consists of two parts: a warp yarn sending device on the weaving beam and a warp yarn tension adjustment device. During the weaving process, the warp yarn tension on the machine is required to be appropriate and the warp yarn tension should be kept from fluctuating up and down with changes in the diameter of the weaving beam.
In addition, there are various auxiliary devices on the loom, such as weft yarn breakage automatic stopping device, warp yarn breakage automatic stopping device, warp protection device, flying shuttle protection device, etc.
The original waist machine already has these five major mechanisms. It has three main movements: opening the cloth fell up and down, threading the weft yarn left and right, and tightening the weft yarn front and back. It has the most basic textile weaving function, demonstrating the basic principles of fabric construction and weaving technology. Comparison is a big leap.
According to the nearly lost textile technology of the Big-headed Ant survivors studied by the protagonist, the ants naturally do not have the ability to process and make complex looms. However, they use the principle and structure similar to the waist loom, and through the cooperation of a large number of worker ants and simple machinery, Textile production was realized.
For example, the winding mechanism, the waist machine is an ordinary round wooden stick, which is responsible for rolling the finished fabric part onto the wooden stick to facilitate continued weaving. The remains of the big-headed ants also use the same simple round wooden stick. The two sections of the round wooden stick have support poles standing on the ground. The worker ants can push the rollers at both ends of the round wooden stick to drive the coiling mechanism to rotate.
One end of the warp yarn is connected to the winding mechanism and arranged in a fixed order and at a certain density. The other end of the warp yarn is fixed on another log stick, which continuously provides warp length as weaving progresses. This round wooden stick is the warp let-off mechanism, which can also be transferred to straighten the warp yarns.
The opening mechanism of the waist machine is a warp dividing rod and a heddle rod. The warp dividing rod separates the warp wires into upper and lower layers to form a natural shed. The bamboo heddle rod is then used to pass the thread vertically through the upper layer of warp wires. The warp yarns pull up the lower warp yarns one by one, so that by lifting the stick with your hand, the positions of the upper and lower layers can be reversed to form a new weaving fell. Many upper and lower warp yarns are tied to one heddle, so the word "comprehensive" comes from this.
The big-headed ants use a large number of well-trained and cooperative worker ants to replace the mechanical opening mechanism. Each warp yarn is assigned a worker ant. They hold the warp yarn in their jaws. There is a high platform next to them. When the odd-numbered rows of worker ants stand on the high platform, the even-numbered rows of worker ants remain motionless, forming a weaving ant. mouth. In turn, the even-numbered rows of worker ants stand on the high platform, and the odd-numbered rows remain motionless, forming another opposite weaving mouth.
The weft insertion mechanism of the waist machine is a simple shuttle, and the ants are several worker ants that take on this work together, responsible for holding the weft yarn in their mouths and pulling the weft yarn through the fabric opening. Since the weft-inserting worker ants need to move for a long time, there are still spare players for easy replacement.
The beating mechanism of the waist machine is a beating knife, usually a wooden chopper. The ants do not have specialized machinery. Instead, the worker ants responsible for opening the opening temporarily put down the warp yarns after the weft insertion is completed, and work together to push the weft yarns forward so that the warp and weft yarns are tightly combined.
In this way, through the cooperation between hard-working worker ants and extremely simple machinery, the survivors of the big-headed ants were able to complete the complete weaving process: shedding, weft insertion, beating-up, coiling, and warp let-off.
Its close cooperation, graceful movement, and simplicity of principle left the protagonist stunned. In the graceful dance-like work of these worker ants, a piece of cloth that is as wide as the body length of more than ten male ants and as long as the body length of hundreds of male ants is produced. In terms of the big-headed ant's eyesight, if the cloth is spread flat on the ground and a worker ant stands on one end, she will not even be able to see clearly what is on the other end of the cloth.
This combination of biology and machinery is so perfect that the protagonist cannot find room for improvement for a while.
It can only be said that these ants have indeed become spirits. This is the first time the protagonist has seen the superb mechanical technology mastered by the ants after adapting to the technology of countless primitive and crude ant races on both sides of the river!
——I am the dividing line——
The update has been completed this week. As usual, we have two weekends off. We will update again next Monday! Happy weekend to all new and old book friends!
