On the winter solstice of the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji issued an edict officially changing the country's name from "Jin" to "Qing"
At the same time, the name of the Eight Banners tribe was changed to "Manchuria". The previous Jurchen, Jianzhou and Zhushen were all abandoned.
The dotted New Manchu script was determined to be the national script and used as the official language. At the same time, Shenyang was renamed Fengtian, and earth was piled as an altar outside the south city, and the table was burned to worship heaven.
After the sacrifice to heaven was completed that day, Huang Taiji announced in Chongzheng Hall that he would follow the example of the Ming Dynasty and establish six ministries and a supervisory council. The Hanlin Academy, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Thirteen Yamen were established. Distinguishing costumes of Manchu and Han officials. Each has its own system, is managed separately, and each is responsible to the Khan. From now on, officials in each ministry will hold the same position, with one Manchu and one Han official. Manchu and Han people lived in cities in separate streets. Live in rural sub-villages.
One after another political orders, like thunder, came out from Chongzheng Hall. It shocked Liaodong and Ming Dynasty.
Chongzhen overturned the table in the Qianqing Palace and was completely furious. From now on, Jiannu will be on an equal footing with him.
In particular, the meaning of Huang Taiji's text is of great significance. This means that the chaos in Liaodong has officially transformed from a group of bandits to a dispute between the two countries. Just like the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, he reorganized the Knights and established the Kingdom of Prussia. The Hohenzollern family officially transformed into a royal family in Europe.
In the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1599), Nurhachi ordered his ministers Erdeni and Gagai to create Manchu script based on Uighur-style Mongolian script, which was called "Old Manchu script" or "Uncirculated Manchu script".
Historically, many problems have arisen in the use of old Manchu script. So in the first year of Houjin Tiancong (1632 AD), Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty Huang Taiji ordered minister Dahai to improve Manchu. This was the "New Manchu".
The characteristic of the new Manchu script is the addition of circles next to letters. Used to distinguish different pronunciations of the same glyph. Therefore, the improved Manchu is also called "dotted Manchu". Manchu script was created with reference to Mongolian script and is a pinyin script. Perhaps, this also reveals the close relationship between their family and the Mongols from an angle.
There are 40 letters in Manchu, including 6 vowels, 24 consonants, and 10 letters specifically used to spell borrowed words. According to the different positions at the beginning, middle and end of the word, Manchu letters also have three different writing forms.
But now, this time has been advanced.
The next day, he responded to Huang Taiji's call. The armies of various Eastern Mongolian tribes that had arrived long ago gathered outside Fengtian City.
Huang Taiji officially announced his move south. The plan is to visit the hometown of Haraqin in Mongolia and enter the jurisdiction of Shuntian Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty from various passes outside the Great Wall in Ji Town of the Ming Dynasty.
At this time, the five Inner Khalkha tribes had been completely dismembered and dispersed in the tug-of-war between Lin Dan Khan and Huang Taiji last year. Part of it was annexed by Lin Danhan, and part of it was taken over by Huang Taiji.
The ministers of Aruhorqin, Darai Chuhuer, the four sub-tribes Taiji Erzabu Mergentaiji, the Aruisut tribe Taiji Qi Sandarhan, and Karma Yildeng all led their departments successively. He surrendered to Houjin. Huang Taiji intended to use the four of them as banner masters and adapted them into the Four Zhengse Banners of the Eight Banners of Mongolia.
The Nen Horqin and Alu Horqin armies were die-hard supporters of establishing slaves. There were frequent marriages between the two parties. This time, they all mobilized to respond to Huang Taiji's southern invasion plan. They are the most active among the Mongolians.
The remnants of Haraqin and Duoyan fled to Liaodong under the leadership of Su Budi. Placed in Liaoze area. That is, the wetlands on both sides of the Liao River. Medium tribes such as Aohan tribe and Naiman tribe (Naiman tribe), Jarut and Balin, Onniut and Asut also defected to Jiannu. Huang Taiji deliberately adapted them into the Four Bordered Banners among the Eight Banners of Mongolia.
This time, the Mongols gathered a hundred thousand troops. A dozen tribes of Jurchens in the East China Sea and a dozen tribes of Sauron in the south also gathered 10,000 people.
In addition to the 20,000 infantry and cavalry he led personally, Li Yongfang, the leader of the Han army flag, also recruited 20,000 local Han people in Liaodong. Form an army of Han banners.
At this time, the Eight Banners dispatched 60,000 cavalry to control the 110,000 Mongolian army and 40,000 Han army, totaling 210,000 people. Join forces and go south to formally attack the Ming Dynasty.
Huang Taiji's purpose was mainly to plunder people and materials.
Nurhachi's perverse behavior in his later years has already caused Liaodong's economy to collapse. Six years after Huang Taiji Tianqi succeeded to the throne, he still failed to reverse the situation in four years.
favorable situation. As the drought continues, winter temperatures are getting colder year by year.
In fact, the establishment of slavery could no longer be sustained.
So this time, if we can't recapture a large amount of food, materials and people by going south. They are not far from collapsing on their own. Prices in Liaodong are now soaring, and various materials are in short supply. Large numbers of people starve to death every day.
Behind Huang Taiji were Amin and Daishan, who walked onto the general stage. Now the four statues have become three. However, the situation of kings discussing politics has not been broken.
Huang Taiji stood on the stage and gestured. The edict was opened with a pen post. Started to recite in Manchu.
This was the first time that an edict was officially announced to the military and civilians of foreign vassals and the Eight Banners. What was announced today was the "Golden Edict."
Huang Taiji sent someone on the stage to recite in Manchu:
"By the fate of heaven, the Great Khan summoned us. Our country was originally called Daiqing Manchuria, with four tribes: Hada, Ula, Yehe, and Huifa. The ignorant people called them Zhushen. Fu Zhushen is the Mo'er in the far north. The name of Gen (Sauron). What does it have to do with us? From now on, everyone must call our country by its original name, Manchuria. If you call Zhushen again, you will definitely be guilty of it. I appreciate this."
At this time, the audience burst into cheers.
From then on, the clan name of the Eight Banners was officially designated as Manchuria. The country's name, Dajin, was changed to Daqing.
Huang Taiji made it very clear in the "Golden Edict" that the origin of the name was verified by Huang Taiji. The original name of his family tribe in the Mudanjiang River Basin was called Daiqing Manzhou.
Therefore, the country name is Daqing (transliterated by Dai Qing), and the clan name is Manzhou.
There are several different explanations for the name of the country Qing Dynasty.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin State also attacked Bianliang City, and the Jingkang Disgrace occurred. Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were both captured. The Han people regarded it as a shame, and Yue Fei was widely respected as a national hero. The name of the country, Dajin, will arouse the hostility of the Han people. In order to reduce the resistance to conquering the Han Dynasty, Dajin was changed to Daqing, and it was said that the two words had the same meaning in Manchu.
In fact, this statement is wrong. After careful study of Manchu, Daqing and Dajin simply have different pronunciations and do not agree with each other. Even the rhymes are different. So it's all conjecture.
Another argument is that according to the theory of the Five Elements. The Ming Dynasty gained the virtue of fire and conquered the world. The Qing Dynasty belongs to water, and the water virtue restrains the fire virtue, so you will get a good fortune. Just like Zhu Chongba changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang, which is homophonic to Zhu Yuanzhang (Yazhang, an ancient military talisman.)
In fact, it is impossible for Huang Taiji to think about this. One is that he doesn't understand these things. Even if civil servants propose it, he may not agree with it. As a conqueror, he would not consider the thoughts of his conquered subjects. Therefore, the greatest possibility is just as he said in "The Golden Edict". Our tribe’s original name was Daiqing Manzhou.
Therefore, Daiqing was taken from the original clan name and became the country name. Translated from Chinese, it means Qing Dynasty. Manchuria gave their clan names.
After the "Golden Edict" was issued, from this day on, a new nation, Manchuria, was officially formed.
