Today, the open space in front of the Intramuros of Manila was crowded with Han people watching.
There are so many Chinese in the Philippines that today, one in four people in the country has Chinese ancestry. With about 22 million people, they are the largest ethnic group in the country. 98.7% of the Chinese population comes from Fujian, China (75% in Quanzhou, 23% in Zhangzhou, and 2% in Xiamen). 75% of them speak Hokkien.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were approximately 340,000 to 500,000 Chinese on Luzon Island.
After five days of arrest and trial, the Ming Dynasty King Master. Today the criminals of the massacre twenty-six years ago will be publicly sentenced in the wilderness south of the city. Moreover, all criminals who have violated the interests of the Chinese within the past thirty years must be investigated.
The Han people, who had been oppressed for more than a hundred years, were boiling. Finally someone decided for them.
The main reason why the Han people were not favored by the Spaniards was because of the pirate Lin Feng. Lin Feng was born in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong. His pirate fleet is very large and is the most powerful pirate fleet in the waters of Guangdong and Guangdong.
He owns nearly a hundred ships of various sizes and has tens of thousands of members. Lin Feng's hometown is in the Nan'ao Islands. While fighting Japanese pirates on the southeast coast, they were defeated by Qi Jiguang. He led his troops to escape to Taiwan to recuperate.
But it is too close to Penghu, and the Ming army can chase and kill it at any time. Lin Feng came up with the idea of the Philippines. They secretly followed Spanish movements in the Philippines. Taking advantage of the main Spanish force leaving Manila, they launched a massive attack.
Although Lin Feng's pirate gang has a large number of people, its equipment is very crude. He selected hundreds of death squads, armed with spears, machetes, and daggers, and blended into Manila. But they had less than 20 matchlocks.
On the way to the Governor's Palace, he was discovered by the defenders. The Spanish's hundreds of matchlocks and dozens of heavy artillery gave them a devastating blow.
These pirates who fight at sea all year round are also very fierce. Fight to the death with the Spaniards. But the Spanish garrison quickly fell back on the defense, and even though they killed the garrison general, the Spaniards thwarted their move.
Under the attack of more than a dozen armed merchant ships, Lin Feng's fleet suffered heavy losses. Went back to Pangasinan Island and were trapped for 4 months. In the end, Lin Feng succeeded in breaking out of the siege at night and disappeared from sight. There is no more news about Lin Feng in the history books.
After Lin Feng failed in his attempt to seize Manila, the Spanish colonists became increasingly wary of the Han people. They were afraid that the local Han Chinese and Ming pirates would cooperate with each other and try to capture Manila again.
In 1591, the Spanish governor used "trade monopoly" as an excuse to restrict the sales of Chinese silk and cotton. And gradually expanded to various commodities such as tea, ceramics, grain and oil. And restricting Chinese people from owning land and freedom of movement. These discriminatory policies have made life increasingly difficult for Han people in the Philippines.
In 1603, the eunuch Zhang Cai came to the Philippines to search for gold mines. Let the Spaniards think that this time the Ming Dynasty will also come to seek Manila. So they acted first and massacred the Han people, the largest ethnic group in the area. Directly leading to the deaths of more than 30,000 people.
Zhang Cai, a dead eunuch, has done many bad things. He is stupid and loves to cause trouble. When I was a mine supervisor in Fujian, I almost didn't attract the Dutch's first-class battleship, which led to the occupation of Penghu.
Fortunately, the old general Shen Yourong handled it well. Used diplomatic means to force the Dutch back.
But this time, his reckless behavior directly led to the murder of 30,000 Han people.
Yang Fan doesn't know who is right and who is wrong. Luzon was originally composed of small countries that paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty. It is clear that Ming Dynasty is the suzerain state. Even according to European practice, it makes sense.
The Thirty Years' War was not over yet. International law has not yet entered the stage of history. We have to wait until 1648 for this tragic war to end.
This year, hundreds of European emperors, kings, grand dukes, and religious leaders gathered in Westphalia, a small town on the Rhine River, and jointly signed the "Peace of Westphalia". The peace treaty stipulated that from now on , no emperor, king, prince, or religious leader in Europe may use religion as an excuse to launch a war. This peace treaty reshaped the pattern of Europe and the relations between countries. It is also generally considered to be the beginning of modern international law.
The Thirty Years' War refers to the period from the Bohemian Rebellion of 1618 to 1648
The 30 years between the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia. In this war, the German people died together, with almost two-thirds of the casualties.
But the essence of this war was to solve the religious problems that had plagued the German region for a century. That is whether ordinary people can communicate with God on their own. It is still necessary to communicate with God through the medium of the Roman Catholic Church.
This involves an issue that everyone in Europe is concerned about, that is, how to atone for the crimes committed in life.
What the Pope says is, you pay the Catholic Church to buy indulgences. When the gold coins clink into the money box, your souls are saved. Your sins will be wiped out. The soul automatically ascends from hell to heaven.
But Martin Luther and his supporters believed that everyone had the right to communicate with God, and it was not necessary to go through the Catholic Church. Everyone can pray to God on their own and ask for forgiveness of their sins. Thus saving money for the Roman Church.
In the final analysis, it is still a question of paid atonement and free atonement.
Prior to this time, the Bible was monopolized by the Roman Church. Ninety-nine percent of the general public at that time were illiterate and did not know Latin at all. Nor could they see the book of the Bible. Don't know what is written on it.
Therefore, we can only let the people of the Pope say whatever they say.
Martin Lutherans used printing technology introduced from China to translate the Bible into English, German, etc. Then print it in large quantities. Make it accessible for everyone to read. They read the Bible and discovered that they had been fooled for hundreds of years. They can read and understand the scriptures on their own.
This made Rome furious. In the past, reading the Bible privately was punishable. Only the Holy See can read the Bible. Others only have the right to listen. The right of interpretation also belongs to the Holy See.
Spain and France are the protectorate of the Catholic Church. Here in Manila, Catholicism is naturally practiced. Most Chinese people have one characteristic. In the past five thousand years, although there has been freedom of belief, there has never been a national obsession with one religion. Chinese people believe in pragmatism.
In the eyes of the Han people, they believe in whatever is useful. Therefore, it is very difficult to promote the conversion of Han people to Catholicism. Han people obviously worship their ancestors more. According to Spanish conduct, heretics must be brutally suppressed. Therefore, the Han people lived a very hard life in Luzon.
Today, the Earl of Ming Dynasty is here. Came with fleet and army.
All the superior Spaniards went to prison, and the natives who bullied them were all captured by the cavalry. The island is so big that there is nowhere to run, and the cavalry catches people very quickly.
More than 200,000 Han people arrived overnight, and Wuyangyang was crowded with people. They all came to see the execution of criminals. They looked at more than 300 Spaniards and more than 500 natives who were tightly tied and kneeling in rows. I was so excited that I wanted to go up and kill these beasts.
Almost everyone was oppressed by these Spaniards and natives.
A guillotine was erected in the square. This is a temporary imitation of the French guillotine made by Yang Fan, the military judge and the ship's carpenters. There are many people who want to behead their heads today, and this cannot be done without efficient equipment. It would be too slow to let the executioner chop one by one.
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