Diesel is divided into two categories: light diesel (boiling point range is about 180-370c) and heavy diesel (boiling point range is about 350-410c).
Yang Fan controlled the temperature and collected the two types of diesel into different containers. Diesel oil accounts for approximately 14.5% of the weight of crude oil.
"Diesel can be used as fuel for diesel engines. Of course, we can't build internal combustion engines now. The diesel can be stored for later use." Yang Fan explained.
Seeing this, Zhang Shize asked: "Is it okay to continue heating it?"
"Yes, if you continue to heat it, fuel oil will come out. This oil is suitable for burning boilers, and is especially suitable for fueling steam engines on ships. This thing has a high combustion value, and the same combustion value is much smaller than coal. It can allow the ship to add fuel at once. The distance is further."
Lin Yueru said: "Master, this kind of fuel has a wide range of uses. Our steam engines have begun to be widely used in factories and ships, and there will be a large demand for this thing."
Yang Fan nodded and said: "Yes, the things refined from Menghuo Oil are all good things and have great uses."
This time after heating. What flows out is heavy fuel oil. More this time. About 30%. In this way, a total of about 58.6% of the oil was produced.
Seeing that Yang Fan ordered the fire to be withdrawn, everyone knew that the distillation was over.
Zhang Shize said curiously: "What is the remaining half of it?"
Yang Fan explained: "The rest is called asphalt, and our technology can only extract it up to this point. Asphalt can be used to pave roads, which is very convenient for driving."
Xiao Niangpi said: "Master, I think this Menghuo oil is really a good thing, but the raw materials are too few. If we mass-produce the raw materials, we won't be able to supply them. After all, northern Shaanxi is too far away from here."
"Actually, there are quite a few. There are many of these in Tianjin. There are also large oil fields east of Binzhou, Shandong."
In the Ming Dynasty, drilling wells to extract oil became common in Sichuan. He Yudu's "Yi Bu Tan Zi" records that "oil wells are located in Jiazhou, Meizhou, Qingshen, Jingyan, Hongya, and Qianwei counties."
In this era, there was technology for drilling wells and producing oil. Although it cannot be drilled too deep, the output of this era is enough to meet the usage.
After all, it’s not making fuel or paving roads, so it won’t use much.
There is relatively little oil in the North. But Yang Fan knew that Dagang Oilfield was in Tianjin. It's not too far from here, and there are canals for water transportation. Shengli Oilfield is not far from Dagang Oilfield.
Crude oil from Shengli Oilfield can distill 7% of gasoline, and the output is even higher.
As for mining, it is not a big problem. You can drill a lot of small holes in the steel pipe, and then drill it into the ground with a drill driven by manpower to extract the crude oil.
Yang Fan can now smelt open-hearth steel on a large scale, and steel pipes have been mass-produced. A set of modern antique steel rolling equipment was used.
Can be powered by water power and steam engines. Cooperate with Yang Fan's existing power production.
Now, after the open-hearth steel comes out, it can be directly processed into plates, wires, and pipes.
That is to say, the drill bit is a bit difficult, but it is not insurmountable. There are many ways.
Steel also wears out quickly, even in soft rock formations. Therefore, the drill bit should always be equipped with tungsten carbide teeth or the entire outer layer of tungsten carbide should be covered.
This type of tungsten carbide material is more brittle than steel but has greater resistance to erosion. After the American Hughes Company first invented the rolling cone drill bit in 1909, people made some major developments in hard surface welding, which resulted in the service life of open bearing drill bits being greatly extended.
Then in 1951, the first generation of "o" ring and grease-sealed bearing tungsten carbide insert drill bits appeared, and later, sliding bearing drill bits appeared. During this period, roller cone bits were the must-have tool in the drilling industry.
Simply buying some obsolete drill bit teeth from modern times doesn’t cost much gold. If it doesn't work, you can use diamond instead. Diamond drill bits have been used for 120 years, and the technology is mature and stable.
Diamonds were not very expensive in this era. After all, ancient Chinese people did not like diamond jewelry very much. It can be used as a drill bit for Yang Fan.
Yang Fan has modern information and knows the precise locations of many super shallow wells, and there is one in Ordos. The vertical depth of the oil layer is only 278 meters, making it the first ultra-shallow horizontal well in the Yanchang Oilfield. This depth can be mined even by slowly drilling bit by bit with a rotating drill rig pulled by oxen.
Shengli Oilfield also has oil wells with a vertical well depth of 225 meters. There is also an oil reservoir buried 500 meters deep. As long as you don't rush and slowly drill down the steel pipes one by one, this depth is not technically difficult. Besides, Yang Fan also has a steam engine to power the drill.
The oil wells in this era were all first-exploitation wells. They were all self-effluent wells and did not require pumping. Even if it needs to be pumped, the steam engine can also drive the kowtow machine to pump oil.
After harvesting to a certain extent, you can harvest a lot more by pouring water into it. There is nothing too difficult about this.
Yang Fan thought about it, looking at it, it was really feasible to build a petrochemical plant.
Use gasoline to make incendiary bombs. Napalm is made of gasoline and rubber. Yang Fan has a large number of old tires collected by idiots.
After being transferred over, they are usually refurbished by hand and then used to make wheels for the caravan. The scraps of rubber cut off were enough to make napalm bombs.
Kerosene is sold as lamp oil. Put into tinplate bucket. Also easy to transport.
Yang Fan found that he was really wise to start the tinplate production line in advance.
Nowadays, not only are they widely used in the food industry, but they are also very useful for storing kerosene. Yang Fan's artillery is even used to hold fixed propellant bags and fixed shotshells. This thing has good moisture-proof properties, but the price is a bit expensive.
The money earned from kerosene can basically recover the cost, and there is still a lot of profit. Gasoline is free. Fuel oil can also be sold for money. If there is excess asphalt, it will be used to build roads in new cities.
In the late Qing Dynasty, kerosene began to be used as lamp oil. The market then expanded dramatically. In 1871, China imported just over 7,000 gallons of kerosene.
In the following 20 years, the import volume of kerosene once climbed, even surpassing that of opium, which was a disaster to the country and the people at that time. Kerosene, opium, original color cloth and tin were called the four major imported commodities at that time.
Kerosene was one of the bulk foreign goods imported by Hangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. From the 22nd year of Guangxu to the 26th year of the Republic of China, the total import volume reached 128,651,908 gallons, worth 20,297,481 Guanpingliang of silver.
This is only the import volume in Hangzhou. It can be seen that Yang Fan is very successful by selling lamp oil.
"Master, this asphalt seems to be waterproof." Lin Yueru stirred the last remaining asphalt with a wooden stick.
"Clever, this thing can be used to coat the bottoms of sea and river boats. Not only is it waterproof, it can also prevent shipworms and reduce the attachment of shellfish to the bottom of the boat." Yang Fan said.
Indeed, as Lin Yueru said, these asphalts are also widely used. Can be used as waterproof material linoleum paper. You can make a waterproof layer for the bathroom of the house. It can also be used for ship waterproofing.
The more Zhang Shize listened, the happier he became. He couldn't help but say, "This is a good deal with huge profits. Why don't we work together? I'll get the raw materials for you, and we'll make five of the money we get. How about half for one family."
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