Lin Yueru said: "There are countless ways to make a living in this world, and every industry is closed. It is difficult for outsiders to enter. People have skills passed down from their ancestors and cherish them for fear that outsiders will learn from them. Every industry has its own jargon. , outsiders can't even understand it, let alone learn to imitate it." Xiao Niangpi said: "Yes, in order to keep the jobs of their children and grandchildren. They have tried their best. Master, every time you create a new career, It is to accumulate merit for the people of the world. They have learned this way of making a living, and their descendants will benefit." Yang Fan said: "I didn't expect that much. I just felt pity for them for a while." From Yang Fan to Ming Dynasty The past two years have brought about too many new technologies and industries.
Now breakfast stalls have appeared in Zunhua, Xincheng and even some nearby cities. It provides breakfast varieties such as fried dough sticks, tofu puffs, Xiaohuan, Xiaolongbaozi, fried liver, fried tofu soup, siomai, and fried cakes.
These people are all trained by the training courses set up by Yang Fan. Xinghe Supermarket also sells a breakfast trolley made of steel rivets.
The cart can be pushed around and sold as you go. There are three small iron stoves for burning briquettes, buckets and many drawers for food.
Three pots, one for fried dough sticks and fried cakes. One for steaming buns and one for cooking noodles.
Yang Fan recruited some workers' family members to push carts to sell breakfast, which could be regarded as increasing their family income.
There is no capital to borrow money, after all, they are the family members of their own workers. Others who want to do this business can also apply, and Yang Fan will arrange for them to do business in nearby towns and traffic intersections.
At the end of the day, the merchants and people coming and going can sell a lot of food. It can be considered that an industry has been added.
In the past two years, mobile food and beverage outlets from Zunhua have appeared in many counties and bustling towns in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and even Henan, as well as at docks and ferries.
It is now estimated that thousands of families have benefited from these.
"Sir, now Beizhili has lost its crops, and refugees are rising again. Alas, when will this world come to an end?" Xiao Niangpi said with a frown on her face.
Originally, through Yang Fan's efforts last year, almost all the refugees were absorbed. Even the worst ones found enough jobs in Hukou in the iron mines of Zunhua and Qianxi.
But this year's disaster has caused a large number of victims. The burden on farmers is too heavy, and the heaviest burden is on the small landowners.
One family after another they went bankrupt and fled. Originally, Yang Fan didn't know why it was the landless farmers who went bankrupt, rather than the landless tenant farmers.
At Yang Fan's house in Xincheng, the gatekeeper is named Hu Bin. His family originally had ten acres of land to support ten people. Although it was tight, they could still make a living.
But the government taxes are too heavy. He simply couldn't afford it. On the surface, the land tax in the Ming Dynasty was very low.
The basis of land tax in the Ming Dynasty was the two-tax system inherited from the two-tax law of the Tang Dynasty. The two taxes are collected twice in summer and autumn. The summer tax must be paid in June and the autumn tax must be paid in November.
According to the ancestral system set by Zhu Yuanzhang, except for the Jiangnan region, the tax burden on farmers in other parts of the country is not heavy. Most tax rates are 5% to 10% of the estimated total harvest.
But that's not the case. The corvées were endless, and peasants were constantly assigned to do various jobs for the government. There was no end.
This is all unpaid labor. If you can't stand it, you have to pay to be exempted from it. This is tantamount to taxing in disguise. Moreover, land tax revenue only accounts for less than 10% of Ming Dynasty's agricultural tax revenue, and more than 50% is poll tax.
It also counts as Fu and oral Fu. All dynasties have promoted light corvee and low taxes as a manifestation of their benevolent governance.
There is never any mention of poll tax reduction. The total land tax accounts for less than 10% of the fiscal revenue. What's the point of reducing the tax from 10 to 30 tax?
The rule of Wenjing has been praised for thousands of years, but it is actually superficial and a way to whitewash peace. There is no decent reduction in the burden on farmers.
The poll tax existed in China before the Qin Dynasty. After the Qin Dynasty, all dynasties levied taxes with the nature of a poll tax.
Why do governments of all dynasties like to pay poll tax? Because it is simple and low cost. How easy it is to go to a farmer's house to count the heads and collect money.
Is there anything simpler than this? In a self-sufficient natural economy, there are two main channels for the government to obtain financial revenue from farmers: one is a tax based on acres, that is, land tax; the other is a tax based on head, that is, head tax.
The poll tax was efficient, but most unfair. The high efficiency mentioned here means that more taxes can be collected with a small tax cost.
Because any country with good household registration management makes the basis for calculating the head tax simpler than any other tax, the tax collection cost can be very low.
The so-called most unfair refers to the fact that the rich with the most income and the poor with almost no income need to pay the same amount of tax.
In the case of a poll tax, the welfare loss of the rich is minimal, while the poor may lose the most necessary resources for life.
Historical dynasties have insisted on this obviously unreasonable tax as the largest form of fiscal revenue. It is obviously to protect the rich and let the poorest people at the bottom, who are the largest in number, bear the main tax responsibility.
In order to survive, people have two choices for children they cannot afford. One is selling sons and daughters, selling children.
No more tax. This is why the human trade was so prosperous in ancient times. Girls were sold to brothels, and boys were sold to wealthy families as domestic slaves.
The other is to give birth to too many children, throw them into a urine bucket and drown them. Zhang Juzheng's whipping method originally had a good idea.
That is to cancel the poll tax, allocate the tax amount to the land, and tax according to the amount of land.
He believes that this can reduce the burden on the lower class people and is conducive to fairness. When he was there, he could force bureaucratic landowners to share the same number of acres as farmers and pay taxes equally.
But he's not here anymore. Bureaucratic landlords stopped paying taxes. All tax burdens fell on farmers with small amounts of land.
In the middle and late Wanli Dynasty, the bureaucratic landlords immediately counterattacked and killed Zhang Juzheng's family almost. Then, officials and officials were quickly restored to tax exemptions.
The yeoman farmers were all crushed at once. It would be better to collect a poll tax at the beginning, so that at least domestic slaves and tenants would also be charged and could share part of the tax.
The result of the reform was that the Ming Dynasty collapsed in less than sixty years. There are ten adult males in Wu Bin's family. The poll tax is added to the land tax, which directly consumes all the output of the land.
Coupled with corvee labor, his family could not survive at all. The farmers had no choice but to sell their land. If it could not be sold, they would give it to others, such as to the homes of wealthy civil servants.
Yang Fan talked with Lao Wu, and Lao Wu settled an account for Yang Fan. If you cultivate ten acres of land by yourself, you won't be able to leave a grain of food, and you may still owe money to the government.
If the land is sold. With money as a deposit, you can rent a hundred acres of land from a civil servant's home. Although you have to pay half of the output to the civil servant, the tenants don't have to pay taxes and can still have a lot left over.
And the corvee also escaped. This is why the registered population in Ming Dynasty is getting smaller and smaller.
