"Although the official administration was refreshed when the country was founded, and there were provincial examinations to replace officials as officials, how many capable officials will there be after the imperial examination?"
After getting on the carriage going back, Zhu Jing closed her eyes to rest and began to think in her heart.
When the emperor was in Xi'an, he adopted many children. At the same time, he was also followed by three descendants of the clan, Zhu Jing, Zhu Meng, and Zhu Mou.
But Zhu Jing had been with the emperor for more than ten years, and he had arranged all her marriages, so she was naturally the most affected.
The idea of governing the country by the people and putting the people first is deeply engraved in my mind.
In addition, he was originally from a poor background and felt the same way, so he naturally recognized this and his words and deeds were consistent.
Although he had been away from Beijing for several years, he had a deep understanding of the Ming Dynasty.
In his view, 70% of these officials who had passed the imperial examination and had lived in poverty for ten years were mediocre officials, 25% were faint-hearted officials, and only half were cadres.
As for why there are no corrupt officials, it is because in the eyes of the court, it is okay if you are greedy for money. The most important thing as an official is to watch over the people and let them pay taxes safely.
But if it causes trouble, it can only be the death of the official.
A mediocre official, following the rules and regulations, getting along harmoniously with the gentry in the county, and even having the upper hand, carried out the decrees issued by the court at will.
Never take the initiative to do things.
For example, building water conservancy projects, smoothing roads, and educating the people were basically done by the gentry.
Faint officials are confused and have no independent opinions. They are manipulated by their masters or subordinates and become a tool for others' profit and a real seal.
As for officials, there is nothing better than suppressing the gentry, appeasing the people, and having the courage to do their jobs.
Like Hai Rui, he dredged the Wusong River and the Baimao River so that they could flow into the sea. The people on both sides of the strait benefited from their business and coerced the powerful gentry to return the land they had seized, benefiting tens of thousands of people.
Of course, the central pavilion elders are also among them.
"It is rare to find an official, and it is difficult to save a weak official. Only a mediocre official can try to save him."
"Nowadays, the emperor's duties are light and his taxes are low, and the world is at peace. Only the rule of law lacks improvement."
Zhu Jing murmured: "Tongxuan is in charge of local judicial power. Since ancient times, unsolved cases have been the most hated by people. If we train many people like Song Ci, no, one tenth, it will be enough to bring order to the world."
"The rule of law starts with me, Zhu Shisan!"
Holding this ancient record of clearing grievances in her hand, Zhu Jing made up her mind.
However, his first task was to go to the palace and report to the emperor.
"Come here and tell me, our Detective Zhu has shown his majesty today."
The emperor wore a red fox cloak outside, which was particularly eye-catching on the snowy day. Inside he wore a yellow cotton coat and a pair of warm and swollen cotton shoes. The whole person looked particularly kind.
"I don't dare to specialize in merit——"
Zhu Jing knew that she could not hide this from the emperor who knew everything about her, and she did not want to hide it, so she spoke out.
After listening for a while, Zhu Yixi suddenly realized: "A small fraud can solve this difficult case. If it weren't for him, you would have had no choice but to sentence him to absconding in fear of crime."
"But why is the record of clearing wrongs so familiar?"
After traveling for more than twenty years, some of the impressions of later generations became increasingly blurred, but he could always recall something when he came into contact with it.
"This is it." Zhu Jing presented it.
"Song Ci? Is the Song Dynasty a criminal?"
Zhu Yixi finally understood when she saw the name.
This man is known as the ancestor of forensic medicine. There were several versions of Hong Kong dramas in later generations, and there was also a Song Dynasty criminal judge in the mainland.
But at that time, it was not famous in the world and was only famous among some specific groups of people.
After flipping through it, I found that there are indeed some cases and judgments about corpses, traces, etc., which are concise and clear.
His emphasis on evidence is very rare these days.
In this feudal era, the process of judging a case was usually based on witness, and then relied on subjugation or public opinion.
As for litigants, they are the standard for wealthy people. Those with a status of scholar or above can write complaints, be familiar with the Ming Dynasty laws, and defend themselves with officials to achieve their demands.
As we all know, scholars are basically all four books and five classics, and they don't know anything about the laws of the Ming Dynasty, so the powerful officials are led by the nose. After all, it is impossible to let the master come to the lobby, right?
Therefore, what officials hate most are litigants.
The common people also hate it, because only the rich can hire a lawyer, and the poor cannot afford it. It is not fake that the plaintiff becomes the defendant.
That's why litigators are called litigators.
So lawyers, etc., were born for rich people from the beginning, not poor people.
justice? Come on, lawyers need to eat too.
"This person is extremely famous among the writings, and it is said that he was also famous throughout the Southern Song Dynasty, but there are few deeds in the history of the Song Dynasty..."
Zhu Jing said curiously.
"The history of the Song Dynasty, the history of the Liao Dynasty, and the history of the Jin Dynasty were compiled in just two or three years. How many famous people were left behind?"
Zhu Yixi was not surprised.
The History of the Song Dynasty was urgently compiled at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and it was compiled in three volumes at the same time. Time was tight, so it was just a matter of copying and pasting and listing the time.
Coupled with the tendency of literati, many people have never been included in the network.
For example, Liu Yong is represented by Wanyue Ci Pai, and Bi Sheng is represented by movable type printing. These are all at the bottom of the stream.
But sticking to Diaoyu City, allowing Meng Gehan to die, and Wang Jian, the general who extended the life of the Southern Song Dynasty for decades, was also omitted, which is a departure from the big picture.
Poets, craftsmen, and generals were all omitted.
An upright official like Song Ci who works at the bottom and solves crimes for the common people every day is simply not in his eyes.
After all, the Southern Song Dynasty had been just trying to survive since its establishment, and had no time to care about other things.
"Your Majesty, the Apprehension Division under the General Patrol Office is responsible for arresting important criminals. It is not very good at solving cases like this."
Zhu Jing whispered, lacking confidence.
"It's hard for you too."
Zhu Yixi chuckled and said, "It would be appropriate for you to catch some thieves, but it would be difficult to solve the case."
The General Patrol Office, which was born out of the Wucheng Military and Horse Division, is a semi-military organization and can only play the role of armed police. It is too much to let them serve as police officers.
Fire protection, sanitation, public security, plus applying for household registration, temporary residence permit, market management, pursuit and arrest, etc., do not require much brainpower.
To solve a crime, you need brains.
These are completely different things.
"I am very happy to serve your Majesty."
Zhu Jing said in a deep voice: "It's just that there is a lot of blame for the prison matters in the capital. Although there is supervision from Dali Temple, there are so many things to deal with every day, including reviewing the death penalty. I am afraid that I will be overwhelmed."
"It is my wish to set up another division under the General Patrol Office, which will be responsible for solving crimes."
In the criminal and prison system, the characteristic of the Ming Dynasty is that each province has an inspector who is responsible for redressing unjust cases and supervising the prison system. However, in the two capitals, there is no inspector.
At the same time, the Ming and Qing Dynasties reversed course with the previous dynasties. Dali Temple was responsible for reviewing death sentences, and the Ministry of Punishment became a court, specializing in hearing some important and serious cases.
The serious cases here generally involve politics, not ordinary people.
As a result, some serious murder cases in the capital were judged by Shuntian Fuyin, now Shuntian Tong.
Under normal circumstances, in civil cases and flogging or caning cases, state and county officials will make the judgment effective (conclude the trial), and the judicial files will be kept for reference.
For cases involving imprisonment or above, the state and county officials have no power and can only report the case to the prefectural city; if the prefect (general sentencing) has no problem, they can then report it to the prosecutor.
The prosecutor can try the case and close the case, but the death penalty must be reported to the governor, who will then report it to the Ministry of Punishment for review.
The three levels of yamen have different powers.
Therefore, the most annoying thing in official circles is reporting to higher levels, because this destroys the power base.
The Shuntian Prefecture did not carry out the investigation, so the Ministry of Punishment would review the case of a prison sentence or more, which would be equivalent to the Supreme Court in later generations trying private affairs cases.
That's quite outrageous.
Therefore, the capital city can also be said to be the most virtuous place in the world. Senior officials from the Ministry of Punishment review it every day. Who dares to mess with this?
"Do you want to install an inspector for Shuntian Mansion?"
Zhu Yixi narrowed her eyes and looked at Zhu Jing.
"I don't dare." Zhu Jing hurriedly lowered his head: "I just want to set up a criminal department to solve those murder cases and strange cases and bring peace of mind to ordinary people."
He doesn't dare to say that it will be promoted to the world now.
Even though he was dedicated to serving the public good, his thoughts were too much.
"The Criminal Division? Why does it look so much like the Crime Division?"
Zhu Yixi muttered, this is a good thing for the Ministry of Punishment, as it can save a lot of trouble.
Moreover, this criminal prosecutor is more like a police officer who solves crimes.
"Can--"
While Zhu Jing was waiting, a magnetic voice sounded in her ears.
"The criminal prosecution department should be located in the main office and branch offices, and there is no need for branch offices on the streets."
"The other departments, Xiao Gui Cao Sui, are capable of doing things, but the Punishment Department is a new one. You have to take charge of it yourself."
"You can find the manpower in the main office and each branch yourself."
"If it works, I might try to introduce it to the world."
Zhu Jing was overjoyed. The emperor really spoke to his heart.
"But Your Majesty, we are short of manpower!"
Zhu Yi looked helpless.
Zhu Yixi chuckled and said: "Find a few more widowers, and then use the official title to find some smart scholars to study with. Even if you have to deal with corpses all day long, as long as you are an official, there will be people who want to be an official."
"As for future implementation, you can now imitate the military academy and set up a academy to teach people to solve crimes."
“Don’t be afraid of too many people, just be afraid of not having enough people.”
Zhu Yixi was quite excited when she thought that a group of criminal police officers would be everywhere in the country in the future.
This is a milestone in the progress of the entire Ming Dynasty and even China's judiciary.
The transition from muddle-headed handling of cases to well-founded handling is no less than a leap.
The more the emperor thought about it, the more excited he became: "When handling a case, the Criminal Division must pay attention to three points: witness, physical evidence, and oral confession. These three are indispensable. If one of the three is missing, the case will not be admitted and the case will be retried."
"Yes!" Zhu Jing looked embarrassed, but she could only agree.
After he left, Zhu Yixi found a palace maid with long breasts and thighs and tender skin to treat her.
After all, as we all know, too much anger is harmful to the body. For the health of the emperor and the stability of the Ming Dynasty, we can only trouble these women.
The power of the emperor is so fascinating.
After the oral cleaning exercise, Zhu Yixi lay half on the couch, feeling the warmth of the floor heating, and her mind was as sharp as ever.
From the judicial system, he has carried out reforms.
For example, if the judicial power is transferred from the county magistrate (prefect) to the general judge, a dedicated person will be implemented.
Now entering the deep water area, criminal cases are handled exclusively, and less professional general judgments are thrown into civil and unified management.
Make the judicial profession more professional.
And if the judiciary is like this, how can supervision work be relaxed?
In the early years of Shaowu, he merged the government system into the Metropolitan Procuratorate system.
At the same time, the number of censors who advised the emperor was suddenly reduced to six, and the rest could only be poured into the cabinet and eight officials.
But in other words, this group of censors is just like the group of general judges. Although they are dedicated people, they are not professional.
Rumor has it.
Random impeachment makes him fearless, and he seems to be a sharp weapon to flog the ministers.
But facts have proven that, whether in the Song Dynasty or the Ming and Qing Dynasties, supervisory agencies such as the Metropolitan Procuratorate inevitably became a weapon of party struggle.
Anyway, there is no need to take responsibility, just blind impeachment.
If you want to act according to the evidence, this is somewhat unreasonable.
Almost all of its censors are fledgling, have neither professionalism nor connections, and have no evidence at all.
And this is not a judicial matter, but politics.
As we all know, politics does not require evidence.
A suspicion that he has Sima Yi's appearance is enough to cause chaos among the prime ministers and assistants.
Because who can be in the cabinet, who is not sixty or seventy?
Zhu Yixi had a strong control over the imperial court, and at this time she felt that the Inspectorate was a bit awkward and not easy to use.
Naturally, it becomes the disciplinary inspection committee within the officialdom, which needs to pay attention to evidence to arrest people.
The censors lacked energy and experience and immediately sat down.
"So, let the censors carry out professional reforms."
Zhu Yixi closed her eyes and started thinking.
Somehow, he suddenly thought of the prosecutor system in South Korea.
The top one can capture the president, the middle one can capture the plutocrats, and the bottom one can capture the common people. It can be said to be majestic and enviable.
Of course, they are just a vicious dog tied to the mainland, and the reins are in the hands of the Americans.
Once he disobeys, he will be whipped.
Among them, the prosecutor's consideration of handling cases independently is worth learning from.
The supervisor has the right to handle cases independently and cannot interfere with it. At the same time, it cannot hinder it. This is definitely a good system.
In this way, party strife can be avoided to the greatest extent, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate will become a vicious dog in the hands of the imperial power.
At the same time, prosecutors are self-contained and will not be subject to external political interference, that is, a single-appointment system.
Although today's censors are not controlled by their superiors, they do depend on the prime minister. If they want to be promoted, they must cooperate with others.
If the censor can only be promoted in the Metropolitan Procuratorate, interference can be eliminated to the greatest extent, which will also be very helpful for the administration of officials.
"Handle cases independently and form a self-contained system."
The emperor smiled, and then felt helpless.
In this era, scholars all want to be in power and serve as officials, impeaching people and trying cases all day long. I’m afraid many of them can’t stand it!
"Let Zuodu Yushi come to see me!"
After giving the order, the panting Zuodu Yushi came to the emperor.
"How many censors are there in the censorship station?"
"Your Majesty, the imperial censors are mostly selected from those in their twenties and thirties, who are ambitious and ambitious. Therefore, there are quite a lot of Jinshis over the years, nearly a hundred of them."
"You go and choose ten censors who are full of justice."
Zhu Yixi ordered: "I have another important use."
"yes!"
In his plan, each censor was equipped with an office, which contained nearly ten people, including arresters, jailers, collectors, clerks, personal guards, etc., all paired together.
Their duties are specifically to investigate corruption cases among officials, handle cases independently, and are directly dispatched by the emperor.
Highly specialized, obedient, and more effective in combat.
